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Development Of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis In Real Time Imaging Mass Spectrometry Ladi Ms Applications To Questions Of Relevance To Forensic Science And Plant Biochemistry
Download Development Of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis In Real Time Imaging Mass Spectrometry Ladi Ms Applications To Questions Of Relevance To Forensic Science And Plant Biochemistry full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Development Of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis In Real Time Imaging Mass Spectrometry Ladi Ms Applications To Questions Of Relevance To Forensic Science And Plant Biochemistry ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Development of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging-mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS)-applications to Questions of Relevance to Forensic Science and Plant Biochemistry by : Kristen L. Fowble
Download or read book Development of Laser Ablation Direct Analysis in Real Time Imaging-mass Spectrometry (LADI-MS)-applications to Questions of Relevance to Forensic Science and Plant Biochemistry written by Kristen L. Fowble and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of New Mass Spectrometric Approaches for Biomarker Discovery by : Allix Marie Coon
Download or read book Development of New Mass Spectrometric Approaches for Biomarker Discovery written by Allix Marie Coon and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, the newly developed technique laser ablation direct analysis in real - time high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry (LADI-MS) and the more established methods direct analysis in real time - high-resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS), were used to interrogate challenging plant- and human-derived complex matrices that have proven difficult to analyze by conventional methods, in order to extract heretofore inaccessible information that can be applied to the understanding of wood systems biology, ecophysiology, dendrochronology and natural product isolation of biologically relevant compounds (on the plant side), and explore the potential for discovery of the presence of molecular markers of a rare otolaryngological disorder, Ménière's disease (on the human disease diagnostics side).
Book Synopsis Current Developments in Laser Ablation-inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry for Use in Geology, Forensics, and Nuclear Nonproliferation Research by :
Download or read book Current Developments in Laser Ablation-inductively Coupled Plasma-mass Spectrometry for Use in Geology, Forensics, and Nuclear Nonproliferation Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focused on new applications of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The diverse fields that were investigated show the versatility of the technique. In Chapter 2, LA-ICP-MS was used to investigate the rare earth element (REE) profiles of garnets from the Broken Hill Deposit in New South Wales, Australia. The normalized REE profiles helped to shed new light on the formation of deposits of sulfide ores. This information may be helpful in identifying the location of sulfide ore deposits in other locations. New sources of metals such as Pg, Zn, and Ag, produced from these ores, are needed to sustain our current technological society. The application of LA-ICP-MS presented in Chapter 3 is the forensics analysis of automotive putty and caulking. The elemental analysis of these materials was combined with the use of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The PCA comparison was able to differentiate the automotive putty samples by manufacturer and lot number. The analysis of caulk was able to show a differentiation based on manufacturer, but no clear differentiation was shown by lot number. This differentiation may allow matching of evidence in the future. This will require many more analyses and the construction of a database made up of many different samples. The 4th chapter was a study of the capabilities of LA-ICP-MS for fast and precise analysis of particle ensembles for nuclear nonproliferation applications. Laser ablation has the ability to spatially resolve particle ensembles which may contain uranium or other actinides from other particles present in a sample. This is of importance in samples obtained from air on filter media. The particle ensembles of interest may be mixed in amongst dust and other particulates. A problem arises when ablating these particle ensembles directly from the filter media. Dust particles other than ones of interest may be accidentally entrained in the aerosol of the ablated particle ensemble. This would cause the analysis to be skewed. The use of a gelatin substrate allows the ablation a particle ensemble without disturbing other particles or the gelatin surface. A method to trap and ablate particles on filter paper using collodion was also investigated. The laser was used to dig through the collodion layer and into the particle ensemble. Both of these methods fix particles to allow spatial resolution of the particle ensembles. The use of vanillic acid as a possible enhancement to ablation was also studied. A vanillic acid coating of the particles fixed on top of the gelatin substrate was not found to have any positive effect on either signal intensity or precision. The mixing of vanillic acid in the collodion solution used to coat the filter paper increased ablation signal intensity by a factor of 4 to 5. There was little effect on precision, though. The collodion on filter paper method and the gelatin method of resolving particles have shown themselves to be possible tools in fighting proliferation of nuclear weapons and material. Future applications of LA-ICP-MS are only limited by the imagination of the investigator. Any material that can be ablated and aerosolized is a potential material for analysis by LA-ICP-MS. Improvements in aerosol transport, ablation chamber design, and laser focusing can make possible the ablation and analysis of very small amounts of material. This may perhaps lead to more possible uses in forensics. A similar method to the one used in Chapter 3 could perhaps be used to match drug residue to the place of origin. Perhaps a link could be made based on the elements leached from the soil by plants used to make drugs. This may have a specific pattern based on where the plant was grown. Synthetic drugs are produced in clandestine laboratories that are often times very dirty. The dust, debris, and unique materials in the lab environment could create enough variance to perhaps match drugs produced there to samples obtained off the street. Even if the match was not strong enough to be evidence, the knowledge that many samples of a drug are being produced from a similar location could help law enforcement find and shut down the lab. Future nuclear nonproliferation research would also be helped by the ability to get more analyte signal from smaller and smaller amounts of material. One possible future line of research would be to find a way to make the collodion layer as thin as possible so less laser shots are needed to get to the particle of interest. Collodion and gelatin analysis could also be used for environmental applications where spatial resolution of particles is needed. Individual particles could give information about the contaminants present in a given location. The wide versatility of LA-ICP-MS makes it a useful tool for nearly nondestructive analysis of a variety of samples and matrices.
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological, Forensic and Materials Sciences by : Gábor Galbács
Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Biological, Forensic and Materials Sciences written by Gábor Galbács and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the area of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), focusing on its application to biological, forensic and materials sciences. LIBS, which was previously mainly used by physicists, chemists and in the industry, has now become a very useful tool with great potential in these other fields as well. LIBS has a unique set of characteristics including minimal destructiveness, remote sensing capabilities, potential portability, extremely high information content, trace analytical sensitivity and high throughput. With its content divided into two main parts, this book provides not only an introduction to the analytical capabilities and methodology, but also an overview of the results of recent applications in the above fields. The application-oriented, multidisciplinary approach of this work is also reflected in the diversity of the expert contributors. Given its breadth, this book will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in solving analytical/diagnostic/material characterization tasks with the application of LIBS.
Book Synopsis Advances in MALDI and Laser-Induced Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry by : Rainer Cramer
Download or read book Advances in MALDI and Laser-Induced Soft Ionization Mass Spectrometry written by Rainer Cramer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the state-of-the-art of modern MALDI (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization) and its applications. New applications and improvements in the MALDI field such as biotyping, clinical diagnosis, forensic imaging, and ESI-like ion production are covered in detail. Additional topics include MS imaging, biotyping/speciation and large-scale, high-speed MS sample profiling, new methods based on MALDI or MALDI-like sample preparations, and the advantages of ESI to MALDI MS analysis. This is an ideal book for graduate students and researchers in the field of bioanalytical sciences. This book also: • Showcases new techniques and applications in MALDI MS • Demonstrates how MALDI is preferable to ESI (electrospray ionization) • Illustrates the pros and cons associated with biomarker discovery studies in clinical proteomics and the various application areas, such as cancer proteomics
Book Synopsis Investigating the Instrumentational Components of Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry by : Rachel Parise
Download or read book Investigating the Instrumentational Components of Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry written by Rachel Parise and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical method validation is the process of establishing that an analytical technique is applicable for a proposed objective. Early in the method development of a new analytical technique an understanding of the instrumental components and procedures is elaborated through scientifically based optimization. The optimization experiments are used to define the operational parameters that yield the maximum performance by the analytical technique for the target analyte before commencing validation studies. This dissertation details method development through experimental investigations instrumental components of LEMS (substrate, laser parameters, and electrospray source conditions). Each instrumental component has a number of induvial parameters which are optimized to yield the maximum laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS) signal intensity for a given analytical problem. LEMS uses a nonresonant, femtosecond (fs) laser to ablate analytes from a surface. Those ablated analytes are then captured by a perpendicular electrospray, ionized, and desolvated to produce ions which travel into the inlet of the mass spectrometer for analysis. Each element of the LEMS experimental setup works in a complementary fashion to generate a mass spectral signal which have specific optimization steps that can dramatically impact the data that can be acquired. The results of the optimization for each instrumental component will then be applied to preliminary method development experiments for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds from complex formulations biomarker discovery for mice afflicted with a traumatic brain injury.The effect of the laser pulse duration on the ablation mechanism and amount of laser induced conformational changes of aqueous myoglobin was investigated using 55 fs, 56 picosecond (ps), and 10 nanosecond (ns) pulses and laser pulse energies from 0.05 to 1.6 mJ. It was found that the optical properties of the substrates (stainless-steel and quartz) and laser intensity regimes accessible by each pulse duration determined the amount of myoglobin ablated and subsequent mass spectral signal intensity. Laser ablation of myoglobin from both substrates using all laser pulse energies was observed for the 55 fs pulse while the 10 ns pulse required minimum pulse energies of 0.4 and 1.2 mJ for ablation of myoglobin to occur from stainless-steel and quartz, respectively. As the pulse duration increases, thermal processes increase which dictated the relative amount of protein unfolding, number of phosphate adducts, and degree of solvent adduction. Many of the common laser electrospray ionization (ESI) hybrid techniques employ ns pulse durations. However, the amount of ablated myoglobin originating from a ns pulse was observed to be dependent on the amount of energy that was absorbed by the substrate or sample. Experiments to increase the signal intensity while implementing ns laser electrospray mass spectrometry (ns-LEMS) were performed by exploiting the optical properties of nanomaterials as a potential matrix for desorption and detection of myoglobin. To estimate the contribution of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to the desorption of myoglobin under the different pulse duration regimes, the addition of an aqueous gold nanostar (GNS) matrix was implemented. GNSs have a SPR maximum of ~750 nm which overlaps strongly with the 780 nm laser wavelength. Gold nanospheres, which have a SPR of ~530 nm, have an absorption overlap 25 times less than that of the nanostars with the 785 nm laser light and therefore were chosen as a control gold nanoparticle matrix. It was observed that protein mixed with solution phase GNSs improved the laser ablation and consequent mass spectral signal intensity of the protein in comparison to both the nanosphere addition and ablation from quartz without nanomaterial addition for the 55 fs, 56 ps, and 10 ns pulses. This dissertation also extends to an investigation of the electrospray source and the roles that the nebulizing gas pressure, electrospray solution flow rate, and needle protrusion from the emitter sheath effects the electrospray analyte signal and stability. Interactions between the electrospray droplets and nebulizing gas were elucidated using an ablation chamber in which laser ablated analytes were carried via the nebulizing gas flow through the nebulizer sheath to interact with the electrospray Taylor cone, jet, and subsequent droplets. The signal intensity and relative standard deviation (RSD) of an infused Victoria blue solution was used to assess conventional ESI optimization experiments while a mixture of Gly-Gly-His, lactose, adenosine, and vitamin B12 was laser ablated within the ablation chamber for the optimization of the remote ablation device. It was found that a needle protrusion flush with the nebulizing sheath wall, 9 psi nebulizing gas pressure, and 9 μL/min ESI flow rate yielded the highest signal intensity for low and high mass analytes when utilizing the ablation chamber. However, the conventional ESI signal and stability was maximized using a needle protrusion of 0.6 mm from the sheath, 18 psi nebulizing gas pressure, and 9 μL/ min ESI flow rate. The last two chapters describe collaborative efforts with GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) and Temple University's Lewis Katz School of Medicine with the application of LEMS to real world problems. The first of these chapters explores the preliminary method development results for sampling protocols of LEMS in a pathway to measuring the active ingredient in a formulation when differences in concentration are a percent or less for GSK. The results from the method development and optimization experiments in the previous chapters were applied to the GSK pharmaceutical manufacturing paradigm to test product quality in-line and in real-time instead of testing in a lab at the end of the manufacturing process. The LEMS sampling protocols involved ablation of either powder, compressed form, or solution containing powder using laser ablation. The ablated material was then entrained in an electrospray aerosol and transferred into a mass spectrometer for quantitative measurement of the molecules making up the powder, pill, or solution. Measurement time was on the order of seconds so that thousands of samples can be potentially measured in an hour. Future prospective experiments include additional optimization of the solution phase and compressed form sampling methods and, ultimately, the method validation of LEMS for quantifying active ingredients in pharmaceutical formulations. The last chapter seeks to develop new methods to map all biomarkers in traumatic brain injury (TBI) through mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), serum analysis, and protein derivatization assays. In this work, the Ramirez laboratory employs the controlled cortical impact model of experimental TBI in mice, harvests the brain (post injury) and prepares sections for analytical analysis. TBI is a complex injury involving multiple physiological and biochemical alterations to tissue. The potentially thousands of relevant biomarkers spread over a volume of thousands of mm3 makes the spatially resolved chemical analysis of brain a big data problem to which principal component analysis is applied.
Book Synopsis LASER ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY by : Fengjian Shi
Download or read book LASER ELECTROSPRAY MASS SPECTROMETRY written by Fengjian Shi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Raman Spectroscopy Imaging of Biological Tissues by : Emma Lee Gorishek
Download or read book Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Raman Spectroscopy Imaging of Biological Tissues written by Emma Lee Gorishek and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Ablation Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and Raman spectroscopy are both powerful imaging techniques. Their applications are numerous and extremely potential in the field of biology. In order to improve upon LA-ICP-MS an in-house built cold cell was developed and its effectiveness studied by imaging Brassica napus seeds. To further apply LA-ICP-MS and Raman imaging to the field of entomology a prong gilled mayfly (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from the Róbalo River, located on Navarino Island in Chile, was studied. Analysis of both samples showcased LA-ICP-MS and Raman spectroscopy as effective instruments for imaging trace elements and larger molecules in biological samples respectively.
Book Synopsis Direct Chemical Analysis of Solids by Laser Ablation in an Ion-Storage Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer by :
Download or read book Direct Chemical Analysis of Solids by Laser Ablation in an Ion-Storage Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laser ablation/ionization mass spectrometer system is described for the direct analysis of solids, particles, and fibers. The system uses a quadrupole ion trap operated in an ion-storage (IS) mode, coupled with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The sample is inserted radially into the ring electrode and an imaging system allows direct viewing and selected analysis of the sample. Measurements identified trace contaminants of Ag, Sn, and Sb in a Pb target with single laser-shot experiments. Resolution (m/[mu]m) of 1500 and detection limits of approximately 10 pg have been achieved with a single laser pulse. The system configuration and related operating principles for accurately measuring low concentrations of isotopes are described.
Book Synopsis Fluorescence Imaging of Analyte Profiles in an Inductively Coupled Plasma with Laser Ablation as a Sample Introduction Source by : Lance Moses
Download or read book Fluorescence Imaging of Analyte Profiles in an Inductively Coupled Plasma with Laser Ablation as a Sample Introduction Source written by Lance Moses and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has risen to among the top tier techniques for the direct analysis of solid samples. However, significant problems remain that must be solved to achieve the full analytical potential of LA-ICP-MS. Inefficient conversion of aerosol to ions within the ICP or transmission through the MS interface may decrease precision, sensitivity, and/or accuracy. Although fundamental mechanisms that govern ion production and transmission have been studied extensively in solution-nebulization (SN) ICP-MS instruments, significant gaps in our understanding remain. Furthermore, it is unclear to what extent differences between the aerosols generated during SN and LA influence either ion production or transmission. In this work, I initially investigated differences in the spatial distributions of Ca, Ba, and Sc ions generated by LA and SN using high-resolution LIF imaging. Ions formed from aerosol generated by LA at low fluence were distributed over much greater axial and narrower radial distances than SN aerosol. Additionally, I investigated the effects of solvent, laser fluence, and ablation atmosphere (He vs Ar) on ion distributions in the ICP. Unlike solvent, changing laser fluence and ablation atmosphere produced considerable changes in the ion signal intensity and spatial distribution during LA. At greater laser fluence, the radial distance over which ions were distributed dramatically increased. Surprisingly, when helium was mixed with argon as carrier gas, ion signals decreased. Many of these effects were assumed to be related to changes in the number and size of particles generated during LA. In a follow-up study, relative contributions to ion densities in the ICP from particles of different sizes were investigated. LIF images were recorded while filtering particles above a threshold size on-line. Micron-sized particles contributed the majority of ions formed in the ICP. For Ba, Ca, and Sc, differences in the axial position where nanometer- and micron-sized particles vaporized were 2, 1, and less than 1 mm, respectively. I also performed experiments to identify changes in the ion signal related to changing ablation conditions vs. changing ICP conditions associated with helium additions to the carrier gas. LIF images were recorded during different combinations of He/Ar added upstream and/or downstream of the ablation cell. Changes in the ion signal during ablation in helium vs argon did not always match expectations based on changes in particle numbers and sizes measured with SEM. The results force re-examination of some of the fundamental assumptions about the effect of carrier gas composition on the performance of LA-ICP-MS. The research described in this dissertation provides valuable insight into fundamental aspects of key ICP processes related to LA generated aerosol.
Download or read book Laser Ablation written by John C. Miller and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Ablation provides a broad picture of the current understanding of laser ablation and its many applications, from the views of key contributors to the field. Discussed are in detail the electronic processes in laser ablation of semiconductors and insulators, the post-ionization of laser-desorbed biomolecules, Fourier-transform mass spectroscopy, the interaction of laser radiation with organic polymers, laser ablation and optical surface damage, laser desorption/ablation with laser detection, and laser ablation of superconducting thin films.
Download or read book Plant Nanobionics written by Ram Prasad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-30 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An improved understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and plant retorts, including their uptake, localization, and activity, could revolutionize crop production through increased disease resistance, nutrient utilization, and crop yield. This may further impact other agricultural and industrial processes that are based on plant crops. This two-volume book analyses the key processes involved in the nanoparticle delivery to plants and details the interactions between plants and nanomaterials. Potential plant nanotechnology applications for enhanced nutrient uptake, increased crop productivity and plant disease management are evaluated with careful consideration regarding safe use, social acceptance and ecological impact of these technologies. Plant Nanobionics: Volume 1, Advances in the Understanding of Nanomaterials Research and Applications begins the discussion of nanotechnology applications in plants with the characterization and nanosynthesis of various microbes and covers the mechanisms and etiology of nanostructure function in microbial cells. It focuses on the potential alteration of plant production systems through the controlled release of agrochemicals and targeted delivery of biomolecules. Industrial and medical applications are included. Volume 2 continues this discussion with a focus on biosynthesis and toxicity.
Book Synopsis Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes by : Reinhard Pienitz
Download or read book Long-term Environmental Change in Arctic and Antarctic Lakes written by Reinhard Pienitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-08 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about the effects of global climate change have focused attention on the vulnerability of circumpolar regions. This book offers a synthesis of the spectrum of techniques available for generating long-term environmental records from circumpolar lakes.
Book Synopsis Physical Interactions and Energy Exchange at the Gas-solid Interface by :
Download or read book Physical Interactions and Energy Exchange at the Gas-solid Interface written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Science of Roman History by : Walter Scheidel
Download or read book The Science of Roman History written by Walter Scheidel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With state-of-the-art contributions by scholars who are leaders in their respective fields, this edition describes how the integration of natural and human archives is changing the entire historical enterprise.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Structural Archaeology: Cosmetic and Therapeutic Chemicals by : Georges Tsoucaris
Download or read book Molecular and Structural Archaeology: Cosmetic and Therapeutic Chemicals written by Georges Tsoucaris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book delineates the contours of molecular and structural archaeology as an emergent interdisciplinary field based on structural analysis at the molecular level and examines novel methodologies to reconstruct the synthesis and long-term transformation of materials used in antiquity. The focus of this volume is on cosmetic and therapeutic materials.
Book Synopsis Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils by : Erika Kothe
Download or read book Bio-Geo Interactions in Metal-Contaminated Soils written by Erika Kothe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal contamination is an increasing ecological and eco-toxicological risk. Understanding the processes involved in metal mobilization, sorption and mineralization in soils are key features for soil bioremediation. Following an introduction to the physical, chemical and biological components of contaminated soils, various chapters address the interactions of soil, microorganisms, plants and the water phase necessary to transfer metals into biological systems. These include topics such as potential hazards at mining sites; rare earth elements in biotic and abiotic acidic systems; manganese redox reactions; biomineralisation, uranium in seepage water; metal-resistant streptomycetes; mycorrhiza in re-forestation; metal (hyper)accummulation in plants; microbial metal uptake; and their potential for bioremediation. This book will be of interest to soil biologists, geologists and chemists, researchers and graduate students, as well as consulting companies and small enterprises involved in bioremediation.
