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Development Of Gox Hydrocarbon Multi Element Swirl Coaxial Injector Technology
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Book Synopsis Development of GOX/Hydrocarbon Multi-Element Swirl Coaxial Injector Technology by :
Download or read book Development of GOX/Hydrocarbon Multi-Element Swirl Coaxial Injector Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In developing the advanced liquid rocket engine, injector design is critical to obtaining the dual goals of long engine life as well as providing high-energy release efficiency in the main combustion chamber. Introducing a swirl component in the injector flow can enhance the propellant mixing and thus improve engine performance. Therefore, swirl coaxial injectors, which swirl liquid fuel around a gaseous oxygen core, show promise for the next generation of high performance staged combustion rocket engines utilizing hydrocarbon fuels. Understanding the mixing and combustion characteristics of the swirl coaxial flow provides the insight of optimizing the injector design. A joint effort of Sierra Engineering (Sierra) and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) was conducted to develop a design methodology, utilizing both high-pressure cold-flow testing and uni-element hot-fire testing, to create a high performing, long life swirl coaxial injector for multi-element combustor use. Several swirl coax injector configurations designed and fabricated by Sierra have been tested at AFRL. The cold-flow tests and numerical simulations have been conducted. The cold flow result provided valuable information of flow characteristics of swirl coaxial injectors. However, there are two important flow features of liquid rocket engines missed from the cold flow test: (1) the effect of combustion on the propellant mixing, and (2) the interaction of multiple injectors. The present work studies the hot flow environment specifically the multiple element swirl coaxial injector. Numerical simulations were performed with a pressure-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FDNS. CFD results produced loading environments for an ANSYS finite element thermal/structural model. Since the fuels are injected at temperature below its critical temperature, the effect of phase change and chemical reactions needs to be accounted for in the CFD model.
Book Synopsis Development of GOX/Kerosene Swirl-Coaxial Injector Technology by :
Download or read book Development of GOX/Kerosene Swirl-Coaxial Injector Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In developing an advanced liquid rocket engine, injector design is critical to obtaining the dual goals of long engine life and high-energy release efficiency in the main combustion chamber. A joint effort of Sierra Engineering (Sierra) and the Propulsion Directorate of the Air Force Research Lab (AFRL) was conducted to develop a design methodology, utilizing both high- pressure cold-flow testing and uni-element hot fire testing, to create a high performing, swirl coaxial injector for multi-element combustor use. The results of this joint effort have been documented in a series of JANNAF and AIAA meeting papers. The present work studies the hot flow environment specifically the multiple element swirl coaxial injector Numerical simulations were performed with a multiple-phase, pressure-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, FDNS. CFD results produced loading environments for an ANSYS finite element thermal/structural model. Since the fuels are injected at a temperature below its critical temperature, the effect of phase change and chemical reactions needs to be accounted for in the CED model. A homogeneous spray approach with a real-fluid property model was employed in the FDNS code to simulate the spray combustion phenomena over a wide range of operating conditions. Future work, which will not be presented in this paper, will compare these numerical results to planned hot fire test results.
Book Synopsis Swirl Coaxial Injector Development, Part II: CFD Modeling by :
Download or read book Swirl Coaxial Injector Development, Part II: CFD Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Injector design is critical to obtaining the dual goals of long engine life as well as providing high energy release efficiency in the main combustion chamber. Introducing a swirl component in the injector flow can enhance the propellant mixing and thus improve engine performance. A combined experimental and computational effort is underway to examine the properties of GOX-centered, swirl coaxial injectors to examine their performance and lifetime characteristics. These injectors can be easily manufactured and can be designed to maintain a low face temperature, which will improve engine life. Therefore, swirl coaxial injectors, which swirl liquid fuel around a gaseous oxygen core, show promise for the next generation of high performance staged combustion rocket engines utilizing hydrocarbon fuels. The purpose of this work is to not only examine the properties of these injectors, but also to develop a design methodology, utilizing a combination of high-pressure cold-flow testing, uni-element hot- fire testing, and computations to create a high performing, long life swirl coaxial injector for multi-element combustor use.
Book Synopsis Swirl Coaxial Injector Development, Part I: Test Results by :
Download or read book Swirl Coaxial Injector Development, Part I: Test Results written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Engineering, in conjunction with the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, has undertaken a program to develop a gas-centered, swirl coaxial injector. This injector design will be used in the multi-element Advanced Fuels Tester (AFT) engine to test a variety of hydrocarbon propellants. As part of this program, a design methodology is being developed which will be applicable to future injector design efforts. The methodology combines cold flow data, acquired in the AFRL High Pressure Injector Flow facility, uni-element hot fire data, collected in AFRL Test Cell EC-1, and a computational effort conducted at University of Alabama-Birmingham, to identify key design features and sensitivities. Results from the computational effort will be presented in the Part II companion paper (9). Three different gas-centered swirl coaxial element concepts were studied: a converging design, a diverging design, and a pre-filming design. The cold flow experiments demonstrated that all three classes of elements produced an extremely dense, solid cone spray, with the highest mass density in the center. The atomization of all of these injectors was excellent, producing mean drop sizes 1/3 to 1/4 of that typically measured for shear coaxial elements operating under similar conditions. Uni-element hot fire testing of these elements has begun, but the elements have not yet been tested at the design operating conditions. Preliminary low chamber pressure test results show the converging design performs better than the pre-filming and diverging design. Uni-element C* efficiencies in excess of 90% have been measured over a wide-range of mixture ratios.
Book Synopsis Swirl Coaxial Injector Development by :
Download or read book Swirl Coaxial Injector Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sierra Engineering and the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, have undertaken a program to develop gas-centered, swirl coaxial injectors. This injector design will be used in the multi-element Advanced Fuels Tester (AFT) engine to test a variety of hydrocarbon propellants. As part of this program, a design methodology is being developed which will be applicable to future injector design efforts. The methodology combines cold flow data, acquired in the AFRL High Pressure Injector Flow facility, uni-element hot fire data, collected in AFRL Test Cell EC-1, and a computational effort conducted at University of Alabama-Birmingham, to identify key design features and sensitivities. Only results from the experimental effort will be presented in this work. Three different gas-centered swirl coaxial element concepts are being studied: a converging design, a diverging design, and a pre-filming design. The cold flow experiments demonstrated that all three classes of elements produced an extremely dense, solid cone spray, with the highest mass density in the center. The atomization of all of these injectors was excellent, producing mean drop sizes 1/3 to 1/4 of that typically measured for shear coaxial elements operating under similar conditions. Uni-element hot fire testing has found that the converging designs produce C* efficiencies in excess of 90% over a wide-range of mixture ratios and pressure conditions. Near the design pressure, efficiencies exceeding 96% have been measured. In the diverging designs, a chamber oscillation of near 200 Hz has been noted. The cause of this oscillation is under investigation.
Book Synopsis 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit July 20-23, 2003, Huntsville, Alabama: 03-4750 by :
Download or read book 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit July 20-23, 2003, Huntsville, Alabama: 03-4750 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Development of a Methodology to Scale Between Cold-Flow and Hot-Fire Evaluations of Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Injectors by :
Download or read book The Development of a Methodology to Scale Between Cold-Flow and Hot-Fire Evaluations of Gas-Centered Swirl Coaxial Injectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uni-element cold flow and hot fire evaluations were performed on a variety of gas-centered swirl coaxial injectors. Gaseous oxygen and various liquid hydrocarbons were used in the combustion evaluations, while water and gaseous nitrogen were the simulants for the cold flow experiments. The connections between the two sets of data were examined. The cold flow experiments demonstrated that the mixing efficiency of the various injector designs was highly sensitive to the internal geometry of the injector as well as the scaling methodology used to simulate the hot-fire conditions. When the proper scaling methodology was employed, a correlation which captures the general trend of injector geometry and c* performance between the measured cold-flow mixing efficiency and hot-fire c* performance was observed. This semi-empirical correlation was developed based on a film stripping mechanism that relates the measured c* efficiency of these injectors to the injector geometry and fuel properties. The effects of injector geometry on the injector internal flowfield were ascertained with a combination of cold-flow CFD simulations and experimental measurements. The correlation also implies that fuel properties are secondary to injector geometry effects in determining the performance of various injector configurations. Hot-fire testing of several common hydrocarbon fuels including RP-1, Butane, JP-10, JP-7 and JP-8 confirmed that injector geometric effects dominated performance and demonstrated that c* efficiency in excess of 95% is achievable with all of these fuels. However, the effect of fuel properties does appear to be within the measurement limits of the experiments and a correlating parameter which captures these effects was found.
Book Synopsis Atomization Rate of Gas-Centered Swirl-Coaxial Injectors (Preprint). by :
Download or read book Atomization Rate of Gas-Centered Swirl-Coaxial Injectors (Preprint). written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas-centered swirl-coaxial injectors are garnering much interest in the area of liquid hydrocarbon rocket development. However, robust design criteria and scaling of these injectors remains unclear. Here an examination of primary atomization has been undertaken through the study of a gas-centered swirl-coaxial injector. Film length is measured experimentally over a range of operating conditions and injector geometries. Experiments are performed at atmospheric pressure using water and nitrogen as working fluids. The atomization rate, reflected in the length of the intact liquid film, is related to the momentum flux ratio. Using the characteristic dimensions for determining the bulk velocities of the fluids, the film lengths of various injector geometries may be collapsed onto a single curve of nondimensionalized length versus momentum flux ratio. The injectors tested have a geometry which produces separated gas flow just prior to contact with the liquid. The effect of this recirculation zone on initial film height is discussed.
Book Synopsis Numerical Cold Flow and Combustion Characterization of Swirl Coaxial Injectors by :
Download or read book Numerical Cold Flow and Combustion Characterization of Swirl Coaxial Injectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Air Force and its partners are developing and validating an injector design methodology that utilizes both high-pressure cold-flow testing and uni-element hot-fire testing, to create a high performing, long life swirl coaxial injector. Several gas-centered swirl coax injector configurations have been tested under cold- flow and hot-fire test conditions in a single element research engine. The methodology uses computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analyses to provide insight into the flowfield and guide the evolution of injector designs. Both cold-flow and hot-fire analyses were completed, with cold flow results compared with test data. The companion paper will discuss the experimental results.
Book Synopsis Unsteady Combustor Physics by : Tim C. Lieuwen
Download or read book Unsteady Combustor Physics written by Tim C. Lieuwen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing clean, sustainable energy systems is a pre-eminent issue of our time. Most projections indicate that combustion-based energy conversion systems will continue to be the predominant approach for the majority of our energy usage. Unsteady combustor issues present the key challenge associated with the development of clean, high-efficiency combustion systems such as those used for power generation, heating or propulsion applications. This comprehensive study is unique, treating the subject in a systematic manner. Although this book focuses on unsteady combusting flows, it places particular emphasis on the system dynamics that occur at the intersection of the combustion, fluid mechanics and acoustic disciplines. Individuals with a background in fluid mechanics and combustion will find this book to be an incomparable study that synthesises these fields into a coherent understanding of the intrinsically unsteady processes in combustors.
Author :Vigor Yang Publisher :AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :776 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers by : Vigor Yang
Download or read book Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers written by Vigor Yang and published by AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics). This book was released on 2004 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first major publication on liquid-rocket combustion devices since 1960, and includes 20 chapters prepared by world-renowned experts. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of liquid-propellant combustion and thrust chamber dynamics, and is incorporated into the volume in a well-organized, cohesive manner. There are contributions from nine different countriesChina, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, and the United States.
Book Synopsis Understanding Aerospace Chemical Propulsion by : H. S. Mukunda
Download or read book Understanding Aerospace Chemical Propulsion written by H. S. Mukunda and published by . This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores aeronautical and space chemical propulsion. The book provides an understanding of propulsion systems through illustrative description of the systems; analysis of modeled systems; examination of the performance of real systems in this light; and a comparative assessment of aeronautical and space propulsion system elements.
Book Synopsis Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines by : Dieter K. Huzel
Download or read book Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines written by Dieter K. Huzel and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1992 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability by : David T. Harrje
Download or read book Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability written by David T. Harrje and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The solution of problems of combustion instability for more effective communication between the various workers in this field is considered. The extent of combustion instability problems in liquid propellant rocket engines and recommendations for their solution are discussed. The most significant developments, both theoretical and experimental, are presented, with emphasis on fundamental principles and relationships between alternative approaches.
Book Synopsis Diesel and Gasoline Engines by : Richard Viskup
Download or read book Diesel and Gasoline Engines written by Richard Viskup and published by . This book was released on 2020-02 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The internal combustion engine was invented around 1790 by various scientists and engineers worldwide. Since then the engines have gone through many modifications and improvements. Today, different applications of engines form a significant technological importance in our everyday lives, leading to the evolution of our modern civilization. The invention of diesel and gasoline engines has definitely changed our lifestyles as well as shaped our priorities. The current engines serve innumerable applications in various types of transportation, in harsh environments, in construction, in diverse industries, and also as back-up power supply systems for hospitals, security departments, and other institutions. However, heavy duty or light duty engines have certain major disadvantages, which are well known to everyone. With the increasing usage of diesel and gasoline engines, and the constantly rising number of vehicles worldwide, the main concern nowadays is engine exhaust emissions. This book looks at basic phenomena related to diesel and gasoline engines, combustion, alternative fuels, exhaust emissions, and mitigations.
Book Synopsis Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics by : Robert W. Fox
Download or read book Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics written by Robert W. Fox and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through ten editions, Fox and McDonald's Introduction to Fluid Mechanics has helped students understand the physical concepts, basic principles, and analysis methods of fluid mechanics. This market-leading textbook provides a balanced, systematic approach to mastering critical concepts with the proven Fox-McDonald solution methodology. In-depth yet accessible chapters present governing equations, clearly state assumptions, and relate mathematical results to corresponding physical behavior. Emphasis is placed on the use of control volumes to support a practical, theoretically-inclusive problem-solving approach to the subject. Each comprehensive chapter includes numerous, easy-to-follow examples that illustrate good solution technique and explain challenging points. A broad range of carefully selected topics describe how to apply the governing equations to various problems, and explain physical concepts to enable students to model real-world fluid flow situations. Topics include flow measurement, dimensional analysis and similitude, flow in pipes, ducts, and open channels, fluid machinery, and more. To enhance student learning, the book incorporates numerous pedagogical features including chapter summaries and learning objectives, end-of-chapter problems, useful equations, and design and open-ended problems that encourage students to apply fluid mechanics principles to the design of devices and systems.
Book Synopsis Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Airframe Handbook by : United States. Flight Standards Service
Download or read book Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Airframe Handbook written by United States. Flight Standards Service and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
