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Development Of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain Thermal And Magnetic Sensors For Smart Structure Applications
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Book Synopsis Development of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain, Thermal, and Magnetic Sensors for Smart Structure Applications by : Michael Christian Emmons
Download or read book Development of Fiber Bragg Grating Strain, Thermal, and Magnetic Sensors for Smart Structure Applications written by Michael Christian Emmons and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical fiber Bragg gratings offer great potential for sensing pertinent phenomena in a wide range of applications. Such range is demonstrated in this dissertation with the utilization of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in two different fields of research. Both of these fields are encompassed by an overarching goal of developing smart structures capable of providing necessary feedback to enhance performance and safety. FBGs are employed in the field of structural health monitoring by measuring strain and detecting damage when embedded within AS4/3501-6 quasi-isotropic composites. The grating sensors are also utilized in the field of ferroic materials to explore novel methods of coupling external phenomena to the optical fiber reflection signal. The desire to create smart structures is carried out by developing the Bragg grating measurements system created by NASA Dryden Flight Research Center. This development involves studying the validity of strain measurements provided by embedded Bragg gratings and expanding the capabilities of the measurement system by coupling the sensors to additional types of external phenomena such as magnetic fields. Theoretical and experimental work is carried out for both phases of the dissertation. In the strain sensing phase, photoelasticity, electromagnetic wave propagation, and coupled mode theory are applied to understand the theoretical behavior of FBGs. Mechanical loads are applied to composite specimens with embedded FBGs to monitor the response of the reflection signal. Finite element analysis is then performed to further clarify how the load is transferred from the host composite to the embedded fiber. In the thermal and magnetic sensing phase, a description is given for the fabrication and experimental results of coating FBGs with thin film ferroic materials. Next, a more extensive electromagnetic wave propagation theory is described in the context of manipulating various fiber characteristics for magnetic field coupling. A FBG magnetometer is then fabricated and a magneto-optic coupling is demonstrated experimentally with an externally applied magnetic field.
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Development and Applications by : Hisham K. Hisham
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Development and Applications written by Hisham K. Hisham and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basic principles of optical sensor technology in line with the tremendous development in the concept of optical fibers. In the first four chapters, the book discusses the basic principles of optical sensor technology in a simplified manner, making it suitable for all levels of study and research. The seven remaining chapters are concerned with the practical applications of optical sensor technology in all fields such as oil and gas, civil engineering, medical and military fields and harsh environments.
Book Synopsis Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology by : Raymond M. Measures
Download or read book Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology written by Raymond M. Measures and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to address the field of structurally integrated fiber optic sensors. Fiber optic sensors embedded within materials and systems are able to measure a variety of parameters (i.e. temperature, vibration, deformation, strain, etc.) that allows for real time non-destructive evaluation. Examples include the following: monitoring structural fatigue in aging aircraft or loads in bridge structures. In more advanced applications, fiber optic sensors control actuators that allow materials to adapt to their environment. This gives rise to the names, "smart," "intelligent," and/or "adaptive" materials or structures. Structural Monitoring with Fiber Optic Technology is the firs single author book on the new field of fiber optic structural sensing. As such it provides: coverage of the fundamentals of the technology, a coherent and systematic discussion on the most important aspects of the subject, a broad view of the subject, while retaining a degree of focus on those advances most significant in terms of their future potential, particularly in regard to broad implementation of the technology. The book provides an introduction to the relevant value to structural monitoring. It also highlights the advantages of fiber optic based sensors over conventional electrical measurement technology. The book richly illustrates the subject matter with 615 figures and provides many examples of fiber optic structural sensing, including a detailed overview of a number of major field site applications. Most of these large scale applications are drawn from the civil engineering community as they have been the first to strongly embrace fiber optic structural monitoring. This is especiallytrue for bridges, where innovative new designs and the use of fiber reinforced polymer composite materials to replace steel represents a major advance that is expected to revolutionize the construction industry. Examples include new bridges, which are serving as testbeds for these new materials and are instrumented with arrays of fiber optic structural sensors. In one case, this state-of-the-art monitoring system permits engineers at a distant site to track the response of the bridge to traffic loads and keep an eye on the long term performance of the new materials. Fiber optic structural sensing technology is equally applicable to other industrial sectors, such as the aerospace and marine industries. Indeed, several examples of ships being instrumented with arrays of fiber optic sensors are also included. * The author directed one of the leading laboratories in the development of this technology and its application to civil engineering * Provides a strong, concise foundation in the basics of the technology * Includes many examples of the application of the technology, including many major field site case studies * Richly illustrated with 615 figures, many redrawn to make them easier to understand; also includes over 600 references * Written in a style designed to help the reader unfamiliar with fiber optic technology appreciate what can be accomplished with this new form of structural monitoring
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensors and Systems by : Oleg Morozov
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensors and Systems written by Oleg Morozov and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of papers that originated as a Special Issue, focused on some recent advances related to fiber Bragg grating-based sensors and systems. Conventionally, this book can be divided into three parts: intelligent systems, new types of sensors, and original interrogators. The intelligent systems presented include evaluation of strain transition properties between cast-in FBGs and cast aluminum during uniaxial straining, multi-point strain measurements on a containment vessel, damage detection methods based on long-gauge FBG for highway bridges, evaluation of a coupled sequential approach for rotorcraft landing simulation, wearable hand modules and real-time tracking algorithms for measuring finger joint angles of different hand sizes, and glaze icing detection of 110 kV composite insulators. New types of sensors are reflected in multi-addressed fiber Bragg structures for microwave–photonic sensor systems, its applications in load-sensing wheel hub bearings, and more complex influence in problems of generation of vortex optical beams based on chiral fiber-optic periodic structures. Original interrogators include research in optical designs with curved detectors for FBG interrogation monitors; demonstration of a filterless, multi-point, and temperature-independent FBG dynamical demodulator using pulse-width modulation; and dual wavelength differential detection of FBG sensors with a pulsed DFB laser.
Book Synopsis Development of Advanced Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensors by : Siu Chun Michael Ho
Download or read book Development of Advanced Fiber Bragg Grating Based Sensors written by Siu Chun Michael Ho and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of fiber optics opened the door to a vast new world of possibilities in sensing technology. One important class of fiber optic sensor is the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) structure. The compactness and low loss properties of the FBG make it a highly versatile sensor, and has allowed efficient deployment of FBGs in many different technological fields. This dissertation describes five innovative designs and applications of FBG-based sensors. An FBG sensor was used as a contact level sensor allowing surgeons to gauge their level of contact with the heart wall in order to avoid perforation during cardiac ablation procedures. The sensor was able to determine the onset of contact and was also able to observe a potential warning sign of impending perforation. The second FBG-based sensor was developed for detecting harmful water ingress in civil structures. Through the use of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) and an innovative sensor design, the sensor was able to undergo multiple loading cycles (up to 1 mL was tested) as well as survive flooding conditions. The third FBG-based sensor comprised of two wavelength matched FBG for the measurement of high frequency vibrations. Measurement of acoustic vibrations generated by a piezoelectric wafer up to 100 KHz was demonstrated. A basic identification of a model wind turbine blade was performed using this set up. An FBG sensor network consisting of multiplexed strain, temperature, and water sensors (23 sensors total) was deployed for the monitoring of a grout cube that models the wall of a nuclear containment facility. Cracking, thermal fluctuations and water ingress were detected by the FBG sensor network over a period of about two months. Finally, FBG strain sensors were used to develop a method for the local measurement of bond slip in reinforcing tendons of a prestressed concrete bridge girder. The method allowed the tracking of the entire bond slip process from a local perspective, which was, up to now, not yet accomplished using conventional sensors.
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Recent Advancements, Industrial Applications and Market Exploitation by : Andrea Cusano
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors: Recent Advancements, Industrial Applications and Market Exploitation written by Andrea Cusano and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an exciting source of information for individuals interested in learning about and marketing sensors. The book focuses on scientific and commercial advances in Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor technology since its discovery over 30 years ago.
Book Synopsis Developing a Fiber Optic Magnetic Field Sensor: Fiber Bragg Gratings and the Magnetorefractive Effect by : Scott Strutner Strutner
Download or read book Developing a Fiber Optic Magnetic Field Sensor: Fiber Bragg Gratings and the Magnetorefractive Effect written by Scott Strutner Strutner and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) have been shown to provide sensing of strain and temperature at 100's of points along a fiber's path. This work extended that to 1000's of points, and added discrete sensing of magnetic field along the fiber. The first was achieved via an extension of the optical frequency domain reflectometery (OFDR) de-multiplexing method. This was done by treating FBG segments as a series of concatenated FBGs instead of one discrete FBG. Such treatment allows for the resolution of even a micro-crack's strain fields in a pressurized composite overwrapped pressure vessel (COPV), which are on the 0.5 mm scale. The second advancement of FBGs, magnetic sensing, was added via an assembly to transduce magnetic attraction into fiber strain. This assembly allowed multiplexed magnetically sensitive FBG sensors for the first time. Stringing pieces of magnetic material onto a fiber and gluing that fiber onto a structure is an easy method and largely uses off-the-shelf components. This will prove simple to expand and utilize to solve actual engineering problems. To further improve, by removing the strain transduction and thus reduce vibrational sensitivity, a new magneto-optical material is needed. An investigation into the magnetorefractive effect (MRE), and characterization of the shift of index of refraction in the material La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSMO) with magnetic field and temperature was performed. The index of refraction of the LSMO was found to shift with magnetic field. This was leveraged to create a magnetometer interferometer. That device did not function though, as the absorption of the magneto-optic LSMO used prevented light's transmission through that active material. This highlights the complex, i.e. non-real, index of refraction of LSMO an aspect which would warrant further investigation.
Book Synopsis Optical Fiber Sensor Technology by : L.S. Grattan
Download or read book Optical Fiber Sensor Technology written by L.S. Grattan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-12-31 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress in optical fiber sensors The field of optical fiber sensor technology is one that continues to expand and develop at a rate that could barely have been predicted a few years ago. The wealth of publications appearing in the technical literature and the burgeoning number of papers presented at the now well-established series of national and international conferences, which are attended by a wide selection of technically qualified optoelectronics professionals, gives a clear indication of both the range and scale of the devices and applications now seen in the subject. Such a rapid expansion makes it very difficult for the scientist and engineer, under pressure to be both informed and effective for an employer, to attend all these meetings, selectively read the appropriate literature and be able quickly to gain the knowledge in those specific areas which will give the best advantage for the work in hand. To that end, this volume has been planned and carefully designed to provide an essential overview, and detailed specific information, on those novel and exciting aspects of optical fiber sensor technology that have recently emerged, with particular focus on the devices and the exciting applications of this part of optoelectronic technology in the vast international measurement and instrumentation area.
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Gratings by : Andreas Othonos
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Andreas Othonos and published by Artech House Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fiber Bragg gratings are flexible, cost-effective and highly efficient, with a vast range of potential applications. This timely new work provides a comprehensive description of the principles and practical applications of this latest technology, which has the potential to revolutionize telecommunications and significantly impact optical fiber sensing. Here the authors explain the underlying physics and practical aspects in a clear and unambiguous manner.
Author :Marcelo Martins Werneck Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 :9781510613850 Total Pages :0 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (138 download)
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Gratings by : Marcelo Martins Werneck
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Marcelo Martins Werneck and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of FBG device development -- Fiber Bragg grating theory and models -- How to set up a fiber Bragg grating laboratory -- Inscribing fiber Bragg gratings in optical fibers -- Calibrating fiber Bragg gratings for temperature and strain -- Encapsulation and bonding -- Compensation of induced thermal effects -- Structural health monitoring with fiber Bragg gratings -- Temperature measurements -- Measurement of the coefficient of thermal expansion of materials / Leandro Alves Garção and Marceli Nunes Gonçalves -- Measuring strain and displacement -- Voltage measurement / Marceli Nunes Gonçalves -- Interrogation techniques of fiber Bragg gratings -- Current measurements -- Gas measurements / Bruno Cerqueira Rente Ribeiro.
Book Synopsis A Technology Assessment of Bragg Grating Fiber Optic Based Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) by : H. Thomas Yolken
Download or read book A Technology Assessment of Bragg Grating Fiber Optic Based Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) written by H. Thomas Yolken and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Temperature-compensated Fiber Optic Strain Sensors Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings by : Neil J. Guillermo
Download or read book Development of Temperature-compensated Fiber Optic Strain Sensors Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings written by Neil J. Guillermo and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of temperature compensated fiber optic strain sensors based on fiber Bragg gratings is reported. The various sensors manufactured and tested include a stainless steel capillary tube-encased Bragg grating, a partially-bonded Bragg grating, and a fully embedded Bragg grating. Strain and temperature resolution is accomplished by measuring the characteristic Bragg wavelength shift of each Bragg grating sensor relative to its initial wavelength. Another measurement technique used involves calculating the differential strain measurement between two dissimilar resistive strain gauges to determine strain and temperature. Testing is done using both a self-made convection and industrial oven to regulate the temperature, as well as applying strain to the specimen via bending or tension. The performance of the sensors in tracking the strain and temperature in variable strain and variable temperature environments is reported and evaluated. The development of an in-lab convection oven and a stress machine specifically designed for this thesis is also described. Suggestions are made for improvements to the sensors in addition to further developmental research and possible practical temperature compensated fiber optic strain sensor applications.
Download or read book Smart Structures and Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Optical Fiber-based Sensing Devices Using Laser Microfabrication Methods by : Seyed Hamidreza Alemohammad
Download or read book Development of Optical Fiber-based Sensing Devices Using Laser Microfabrication Methods written by Seyed Hamidreza Alemohammad and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this thesis is on the development of sensing devices based on optical fiber sensors, specifically optical Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG), using laser microfabrication methods. FBG is a type of optical fibers whose spectral response is affected by applied strain and temperature. As a result, it can be calibrated for the measurement of physical parameters manifesting themselves in the changes of strain or temperature. The unique features of optical fiber sensors such as FBGs have encouraged the widespread use of the sensor and the development of optical fiber-based sensing devices for structural measurements, failure diagnostics, thermal measurements, pressure monitoring, etc. These features include light weight, small size, long-term durability, robustness to electromagnetic disturbances, and resistance to corrosion. Despite the encouraging features, there are some limitations and challenges associated with FBGs and their applications. One of the challenges associated with FBGs is the coupling of the effects of strain and temperature in the optical response of the sensors which affects the reliability and accuracy of the measurements. Another limitation of FBGs is insensitivity to the index of refraction of their surrounding medium. In liquids, the index of refraction is a function of concentration. Making FBGs sensitive to the index of refraction and keeping their thermal sensitivity intact enable optical sensors with the capability of the simultaneous measurement of concentration and temperature in liquids. Considering the unique features of FBGs, embedding of the sensors in metal parts for in-situ load monitoring is a cutting-edge research topic. Several industries such as machining tools, aerospace, and automotive industries can benefit from this technology. The metal embedding process is a challenging task, as the thermal decay of UV-written gratings can starts at a temperature of ~200 oC and accelerates at higher temperatures. As a result, the embedding process needs to be performed at low temperatures. The objective of the current thesis is to move forward the existing research front in the area of optical fiber sensors by finding effective solutions to the aforementioned limitations. The approaches consist of modeling, design, and fabrication of new FBG-based sensing devices. State-of-the-art laser microfabrication methods are proposed and implemented for the fabrication of the devices. Two approaches are adopted for the development of the FBG-based sensing devices: the additive method and the subtractive method. In both methods, laser direct microfabrication techniques are utilized. The additive method deals with the deposition of on-fiber metal thin films, and the subtractive method is based on the selective removal of materials from the periphery of optical fibers. To design the sensing devices and analyze the performance of the sensors, an opto-mechanical model of FBGs for thermal and structural monitoring is developed. The model is derived from the photo-elastic and thermo-optic properties of optical fibers. The developed model can be applied to predict the optical responses of a FBG exposed to structural loads and temperature variations with uniform and non-uniform distributions. The model is also extended to obtain optical responses of superstructure FBGs in which a secondary periodicity is induced in the index of refraction along the optical fiber. To address the temperature-strain coupling in FBGs, Superstructure FBGs (SFBG) with on-fiber metal thin films are designed and fabricated. It is shown that SFBGs have the capability of measuring strain and temperature simultaneously. The design of the sensor with on-fiber thin films is carried out by using the developed opto-mechanical model of FBGs. The performance of the sensor in concurrent measurement of strain and temperature is investigated by using a customized test rig. A laser-based Direct Write (DW) method, called Laser-Assisted Maskless Microdeposition (LAMM), is implemented to selectively deposit silver thin films on optical fibers and fabricate the superstructure FBGs. To attain thin films with premium quality, a characterization scheme is designed to study the geometrical, mechanical, and microstructural properties of the thin films in terms of the LAMM process parameters. A FBG, capable of measuring concentration and temperature of liquids is developed, and its performance is tested. Femtosecond laser micromachining is successfully implemented as a subtractive method for the sensor fabrication. For this purpose, periodic micro-grooves are inscribed in the cladding of regular FBGs so as to increase their sensitivity to the concentration of their surrounding liquid while keeping their thermal sensitivity intact. This type of sensors has the potential for applications in biomedical research, in which the in-situ measurement of the properties of biological analytes is required. Another accomplishment of this thesis is the development of FBG sensors embedded in metal parts for structural health monitoring using low temperature embedding processes. In this regard, the opto-mechanical model is extended to predict the optical response of the embedded FBGs. The embedding process involves low temperature casting, on-fiber thin film deposition, and electroplating methods. The performance of the embedded sensors is evaluated in structural loading and thermal cycling.
Book Synopsis Reconstruction of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Strain Distributions Using a Genetic Algorithm by :
Download or read book Reconstruction of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Strain Distributions Using a Genetic Algorithm written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical fiber Bragg gratings are unique among embedded strain sensors due to their potential to measure strain distributions with a spatial resolution of a few nanometers over gage lengths of a few centimeters. This thesis presents a genetic algorithm for the interrogation of optical fiber Bragg grating strain sensors. The method calculates the period distribution along the Bragg grating which can then be directly related to the axial strain distribution. The period distribution is determined from the output intensity spectrum of the grating via a T-matrix approach. The genetic algorithm inversion method presented requires only intensity information and reconstructs non-linear and discontinuous distributions well, including regions with significant gradients. The method is demonstrated through example reconstructions of Bragg grating sensor simulated data. The development of this algorithm will permit the use of Bragg grating sensors for damage identification in regions close to localized damages where strong strain non-linearities occur. A second application of the genetic algorithm search procedure is also discussed, the optimization of sensor locations for a particular structural application. An implementation of the genetic algorithm to a discrete sensor location problem is presented and its performance evaluated. A combination of the developed GA with available damage identification systems can be effectively used to find the optimal sensor distribution for damage detection.
Book Synopsis Fiber Bragg Grating Smart Sensor Network for Anomaly Detection, Estimation and Isolation by : Maryam Etezadbrojerdi
Download or read book Fiber Bragg Grating Smart Sensor Network for Anomaly Detection, Estimation and Isolation written by Maryam Etezadbrojerdi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Current Trends in Short- and Long-period Fiber Gratings by : Christian Cuadrado-Laborde
Download or read book Current Trends in Short- and Long-period Fiber Gratings written by Christian Cuadrado-Laborde and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the reader will find a collection of chapters written by different experts around the world, describing the current research trends in both short- and long-period fiber grating technology. This work is mainly addressed to researchers already working in this area, but it is also accessible to anyone with a scientific background who desires to have an updated overview of the recent progress in this domain. It will also be valuable to scientist and engineers who have become newly involved in this field. Each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently of the others. This book intends to provide highlights of the current research in this area, showing the recent advances in the field of fiber gratings.
