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Development Of Carbon Based Optically Transparent Electrodes From Pyrolyzed Photoresist For The Investigation Of Phenomena At Electrified Carbon Solution Interfaces
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Book Synopsis Development of Carbon Based Optically Transparent Electrodes from Pyrolyzed Photoresist for the Investigation of Phenomena at Electrified Carbon - Solution Interfaces by : Sebastian Donner
Download or read book Development of Carbon Based Optically Transparent Electrodes from Pyrolyzed Photoresist for the Investigation of Phenomena at Electrified Carbon - Solution Interfaces written by Sebastian Donner and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Carbon Based Optically Transparent Electrodes from Pyrolyzed Photoresist for the Investigation of Phenomena at Electrified Carbon-Solution Interfaces by :
Download or read book Development of Carbon Based Optically Transparent Electrodes from Pyrolyzed Photoresist for the Investigation of Phenomena at Electrified Carbon-Solution Interfaces written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work presented herein describes a fundamental investigations of carbon as electrode material by using the pyrolysis of photoresist to create an optically transparent material. The development of these carbon-based optically transparent electrodes (C-OTEs) enables investigations of molecular interactions within the electrical double layer, processes that are central to a wide range of important phenomena, including the impact of changes in the surface charge density on adsorption. The electrochemical importance of carbon cannot be understated, having relevance to separations and detection by providing a wide potential window and low background current in addition to being low cost and light weight. The interactions that govern the processes at the carbon electrode surface has been studied extensively. A variety of publications from the laboratories of McCreery and Kinoshita provide in depth summaries about carbon and its many applications in electrochemistry. These studies reveal that defects, impurities, oxidation, and a variety of functional groups create adsorption sites on carbon surfaces with different characteristics. The interest in C-OTEs was sparked by the desire to study and understand the behavior of individual molecules at electrified interfaces. It draws on the earlier development of Electrochemically Modulated Liquid Chromatography (EMLC), which uses carbon as the stationary phase. EMLC takes advantage of changing the applied potential to the carbon electrode to influence the retention behavior of analytes. However, perspectives gained from, for example, chromatographic measurements reflect the integrated response of a large ensemble of potentially diverse interactions between the adsorbates and the carbon electrode. Considering the chemically and physically heterogeneous surface of electrode materials such as glassy carbon, the integrated response provides little insight into the interactions at a single molecule level. To investigate individual processes, they have developed C-OTEs in order to couple electrochemistry with single molecule spectroscopy (SMS). Like EMLC, the novel merger of SMS with electrochemistry is a prime example of how a hybrid method can open new and intriguing avenues that are of both fundamental and technological importance. They show that by taking the benefits of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and incorporating carbon as electrode material observations central to the interactions between single DNA molecules and an electrified carbon surface can be delineated. Using TIRFM while applying a positive potential to the electrode, individual molecules can be observed as they reversibly and irreversibly adsorb to the carbon surface. The positive potential attracts the negatively charged DNA molecules to the electrode surface. Dye labels on the DNA within the evanescent wave are excited and their fluorescence is captured by an intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) camera. Results are therefore presented regarding the interactions of [lambda]-DNA, 48,502 base pairs (48.5 kbp), HPV-16, 7.9 kbp, and 1 kbp fraction of pBR322 DNA. In addition to the influence of molecular size on adsorption, the fabrication, characterization, and more conventional spectroelectrochemical applications of these novel C-OTEs are presented.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Commencement by : Iowa State University
Download or read book Commencement written by Iowa State University and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Spectroelectrochemical Studies by : Erin Kate Walker
Download or read book Transparent Carbon Electrodes for Spectroelectrochemical Studies written by Erin Kate Walker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation describes the assessment and use of carbon optically transparent electrodes (C-OTEs) based on pyrolyzed photoresist films (PPFs) as a platform for spectroelectrochemical investigations. C-OTEs are examined for use in UV-Vis spectroelectrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence and compared to non-transparent glassy carbon (GC) and the conventional transparent electrode indium tin oxide (ITO). Chapter 1 provides a general overview of transparent electrodes, carbon electrodes, and spectroelectrochemistry. Chapter 2 details a UV-Vis spectroelectrochemical investigation of electrogenerated graphitic oxides (EGO) on the surface of the C-OTE in the presence of KCl. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy are used to determine EGO composition. Several supporting electrolytes are investigated to determine the mechanism of EGO formation. Chapter 3 details experiments to electrochemically access the exciton emission from self-assembled double-walled tubular J-aggregates via electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL). Optimization of ECL intensity with respect to the coreactant concentration and the supporting electrolyte pH is performed on opaque glassy carbon electrodes. ECL and fluorescence spectra are compared, and C-OTEs are utilized to determine the source of disagreement between the spectra. Chapter 4 describes the preparation and characterization (i.e. transparency, thickness, sheet resistance, rms roughness, and electroactive surface area) of C-OTEs and explores C-OTEs for general use in ECL under a variety of conditions. Simultaneous cyclic voltammograms and ECL transients are obtained for three thicknesses of PPFs and compared to non-transparent GC and the conventional transparent electrode ITO in both front face and transmission electrode cell geometries. Despite positive potential shifts in oxidation and ECL peaks, attributed to the internal resistance of the PPFs that result from their nanoscale thickness, the PPFs display similar ECL activity to GC, including the low oxidation potential observed for amine coreactants on hydrophobic electrodes. Overall, C-OTEs are promising electrodes for spectroelectrochemical applications because they yield higher ECL than ITO in both oxidative-reductive and reductive-oxidative ECL modes, are more stable in alkaline solutions, display a wide potential window of stability, and have tunable transparency for more efficient detection of light in the transmission cell geometry. Future directions for this research are discussed in Chapter 5, which outlines several approaches to designing and improving spectroelectrochemical sensors.
Book Synopsis Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes by : Richard C. Alkire
Download or read book Electrochemistry of Carbon Electrodes written by Richard C. Alkire and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book sets the standard on carbon materials for electrode design. For the first time, the leading experts in this field summarize the preparation techniques and specific characteristics together with established and potential applications of the different types of carbon-based electrodes. An introductory chapter on the properties of carbon together with chapters on the electrochemical characteristics and properties of the different modifications of carbon such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fiber, diamond or highly ordered pyrolytic graphite provide the reader with the basics on this fascinating and ubiquitous electrode material. Cutting-edge technologies such as carbon electrodes in efficient supercapacitors, Li-ion batteries and fuel cells, or electrodes prepared by screen-printing are discussed, giving a complete but concise overview about the topic. The clearly structured book helps newcomers to grasp easily the principles of carbon-based electrodes, while researchers in fundamental and applied electrochemistry will find new ideas for further research on related key technologies.
Book Synopsis Carbon-based Transparent Microelectrodes for Optical Investigation and Electrophysiology by : Pranoti Kshirsagar
Download or read book Carbon-based Transparent Microelectrodes for Optical Investigation and Electrophysiology written by Pranoti Kshirsagar and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Carbon Based Nanomaterials as Transparent Conductive Electrodes by : Fernando Reiter
Download or read book Carbon Based Nanomaterials as Transparent Conductive Electrodes written by Fernando Reiter and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optically transparent carbon based nanomaterials including graphene and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are promising candidates as transparent conductive electrodes due to their high electrical conductivity coupled with high optical transparency, can be flexed several times with minimal deterioration in their electronic properties, and do not require costly high vacuum processing conditions. : CNTs are easily solution processed through the use of surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) and sodium cholate(SC). Allowing CNTs to be deposited onto transparent substrates through vacuum filtration, ultrasonic spray coating, dip coating, spin coating, and inkjet printing. However, surfactants are electrically insulating, limit chemical doping, and increase optical absorption thereby decreasing overall performance of electrodes. Surfactants can be removed through nitric acid treatment and annealing in an inert environment (e.g. argon).
Book Synopsis Carbon and Mercury-carbon Optically Transparent Electrodes by : Roger W. Hurst
Download or read book Carbon and Mercury-carbon Optically Transparent Electrodes written by Roger W. Hurst and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tunability and Carbon/metal Interface in Hybrid Glassy Carbon Electrodes by :
Download or read book Tunability and Carbon/metal Interface in Hybrid Glassy Carbon Electrodes written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into neural prostheses has shown the immense potential of such devices as well as their current limitations. This is especially true in regards to 3-D electrode arrays and the current materials used in their production. This study demonstrates the tuneability of polymeric pyrolyzed carbon in regards to its mechanical and electrical characteristics for the purpose of exploring it’s viability as a candidate for current neural prostheses. The pyrolyzed carbon is achieved from a negative tone photoresist which allows for a great deal of freedom in terms of design and fabrication as conventional lithographic techniques and processes can be employed. In this study, carbon pillars were designed and fabricated from the negative tone photoresist precursor SU-8. The pillars were rendered conductive via UV Light exposure, to induce crosslinking, followed by pyrolyzation which is the method by which the "tuning" occurs. By varying the parameters of pyrolyzation, pillars of varying electrical conductivity, stiffness, and electrochemical reactivity were obtained. Pillars were created at pyrolyzation temperatures of 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000°C. The electrical properties of the pillars were analyzed via Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), so as to observe the behavior of the electrodes in a wet ionic environment. The mechanical properties of Glassy carbon were explored individually, through use of an SDSU developed nanoindentation system, and as part of a complete hybrid glassy carbon/metal device. The Hybrid devices were explored further via EDX and an Instron universile testing machine.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy by : Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy written by Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2019-03-14 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery and Therapy presents recent advances in the field of nanobiomaterials and their important applications in drug delivery, therapy and engineering. The book offers pharmaceutical perspectives, exploring the development of nanobiomaterials and their interaction with the human body. Chapters show how nanomaterials are used in treatments, including neurology, dentistry and cancer therapy. Authored by a range of contributors from global institutions, this book offers a broad, international perspective on how nanotechnology-based advances are leading to novel drug delivery and treatment solutions. It is a valuable research resource that will help both practicing medics and researchers in pharmaceutical science and nanomedicine learn more on how nanotechnology is improving treatments. Assesses the opportunities and challenges of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems Explores how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient drug delivery systems Discusses which nanomaterials make the best drug carriers
Book Synopsis CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants by : Perrin Walker
Download or read book CRC Handbook of Metal Etchants written by Perrin Walker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-11 with total page 1434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents cleaning and etching solutions, their applications, and results on inorganic materials. It is a comprehensive collection of etching and cleaning solutions in a single source. Chemical formulas are presented in one of three standard formats - general, electrolytic or ionized gas formats - to insure inclusion of all necessary operational data as shown in references that accompany each numbered formula. The book describes other applications of specific solutions, including their use on other metals or metallic compounds. Physical properties, association of natural and man-made minerals, and materials are shown in relationship to crystal structure, special processing techniques and solid state devices and assemblies fabricated. This publication also presents a number of organic materials which are widely used in handling and general processing...waxes, plastics, and lacquers for example. It is useful to individuals involved in study, development, and processing of metals and metallic compounds. It is invaluable for readers from the college level to industrial R & D and full-scale device fabrication, testing and sales. Scientific disciplines, work areas and individuals with great interest include: chemistry, physics, metallurgy, geology, solid state, ceramic and glass, research libraries, individuals dealing with chemical processing of inorganic materials, societies and schools.
Book Synopsis Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanomaterials by : James H. Dickerson
Download or read book Electrophoretic Deposition of Nanomaterials written by James H. Dickerson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-18 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of contemporary basic research, emerging technology, and commercial and industrial applications associated with the electrophoretic deposition of nanomaterials. This presentation of the subject includes an historical survey, the underlying theory of electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, and the colloidal deposition of materials. This is followed by an assessment of the experimental equipment and procedures for electrophoretic and dielectrophoretic aggregation, manipulation, and deposition of nanoparticles, nanotubes, and other nanomaterials. Additional chapters explore the specific science and technology of electrophoretic film formation, using widely studied and application-driven nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes, luminescent nanocrystals, and nano-ceramics. The concluding chapters explore industrial applications and procedures associated with electrophoretic deposition of nanomaterials.
Book Synopsis Electrospun Nanofibers by : Mehdi Afshari
Download or read book Electrospun Nanofibers written by Mehdi Afshari and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-13 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrospun Nanofibers covers advances in the electrospinning process including characterization, testing and modeling of electrospun nanofibers, and electrospinning for particular fiber types and applications. Electrospun Nanofibers offers systematic and comprehensive coverage for academic researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate students working in the field of fiber science. Electrospinning is the most commercially successful process for the production of nanofibers and rising demand is driving research and development in this field. Rapid progress is being made both in terms of the electrospinning process and in the production of nanofibers with superior chemical and physical properties. Electrospinning is becoming more efficient and more specialized in order to produce particular fiber types such as bicomponent and composite fibers, patterned and 3D nanofibers, carbon nanofibers and nanotubes, and nanofibers derived from chitosan. Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the manufacture, properties, and applications of nanofibers Covers recent developments in nanofibers materials including electrospinning of bicomponent, chitosan, carbon, and conductive fibers Brings together expertise from academia and industry to provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on nanofiber research and development Offers systematic and comprehensive coverage for academic researchers, industry professionals, and postgraduate students working in the field of fiber science
Book Synopsis Laser-induced Graphene by : Ruquan Ye
Download or read book Laser-induced Graphene written by Ruquan Ye and published by . This book was released on 2020-11-30 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LIG is a revolutionary technique that uses a common CO2 infrared laser scriber, like the one used in any machine shop, for the direct conversion of polymers into porous graphene under ambient conditions. This technique combines the preparation and patterning of 3D graphene in a single step, without the use of wet chemicals. The ease in the structural engineering and excellent mechanical properties of the 3D graphene obtained have made LIG a versatile technique for applications across many fields. This book compiles cutting-edge research on LIG by different research groups all over the world. It discusses the strategies that have been developed to synthesize and engineer graphene, including controlling its properties such as porosity, composition, and surface characteristics. The authors are pioneers in the discovery and development of LIG and the book will appeal to anyone involved in nanotechnology, chemistry, environmental sciences, and device development, especially those with an interest in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based materials.
Book Synopsis Silicon Carbide Biotechnology by : Stephen E. Saddow
Download or read book Silicon Carbide Biotechnology written by Stephen E. Saddow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-11-14 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a wide-band-gap semiconductor biocompatible material that has the potential to advance advanced biomedical applications. SiC devices offer higher power densities and lower energy losses, enabling lighter, more compact and higher efficiency products for biocompatible and long-term in vivo applications ranging from heart stent coatings and bone implant scaffolds to neurological implants and sensors. The main problem facing the medical community today is the lack of biocompatible materials that are also capable of electronic operation. Such devices are currently implemented using silicon technology, which either has to be hermetically sealed so it cannot interact with the body or the material is only stable in vivo for short periods of time. For long term use (permanent implanted devices such as glucose sensors, brain-machine-interface devices, smart bone and organ implants) a more robust material that the body does not recognize and reject as a foreign (i.e., not organic) material is needed. Silicon Carbide has been proven to be just such a material and will open up a whole new host of fields by allowing the development of advanced biomedical devices never before possible for long-term use in vivo. This book not only provides the materials and biomedical engineering communities with a seminal reference book on SiC that they can use to further develop the technology, it also provides a technology resource for medical doctors and practitioners who are hungry to identify and implement advanced engineering solutions to their everyday medical problems that currently lack long term, cost effective solutions. - Discusses Silicon Carbide biomedical materials and technology in terms of their properties, processing, characterization, and application, in one book, from leading professionals and scientists - Critical assesses existing literature, patents and FDA approvals for clinical trials, enabling the rapid assimilation of important data from the current disparate sources and promoting the transition from technology research and development to clinical trials - Explores long-term use and applications in vivo in devices and applications with advanced sensing and semiconducting properties, pointing to new product devekipment particularly within brain trauma, bone implants, sub-cutaneous sensors and advanced kidney dialysis devices
Book Synopsis Functional and Smart Materials by : Chander Prakash
Download or read book Functional and Smart Materials written by Chander Prakash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-10-25 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of the state-of-the-art research, development, and commercial prospective of various discoveries conducted in the real world of functional and smart materials. This book presents various synthesis and fabrication routes of function and smart materials for universal applications such as material science, mechanical engineering, manufacturing, metrology, nanotechnology, physics, biology, chemistry, civil engineering, and food science. The content of this book opens various scientific horizons proved to be beneficial for uplifting the standards of day-to-day practices in the biomedical domain. Myriad innovations in the materials science and engineering are transforming our everyday lives in extraordinary ways. This book captures the emerging areas of materials science and advanced manufacturing engineering and presents recent trends in research for researchers, field engineers, and academic professionals.
