Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Development Of An Image Based Multi Scale Finite Element Approach To Predict Fatigue Damage In Asphalt Mixtures
Download Development Of An Image Based Multi Scale Finite Element Approach To Predict Fatigue Damage In Asphalt Mixtures full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Development Of An Image Based Multi Scale Finite Element Approach To Predict Fatigue Damage In Asphalt Mixtures ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Development of an Image-based Multi-scale Finite Element Approach to Predict Fatigue Damage in Asphalt Mixtures by :
Download or read book Development of an Image-based Multi-scale Finite Element Approach to Predict Fatigue Damage in Asphalt Mixtures written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Image-based simulation of complex materials is a very important tool for understanding their mechanical behavior and an effective tool for successful design of composite materials. In this thesis an image-based multi-scale finite element approach is developed to predict the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. In this approach the "up-scaling" and homogenization of each scale to the next is critically designed to improve accuracy. In addition to this multi-scale efficiency, this study introduces an approach for consideration of particle contacts at each of the scales in which mineral particles exist. One of the most important pavement distresses which seriously affects the pavement performance is fatigue cracking. As this cracking generally takes place in the binder phase of the asphalt mixture, the binder fatigue behavior is assumed to be one of the main factors influencing the overall pavement fatigue performance. It is also known that aggregate gradation, mixture volumetric properties, and filler type and concentration can affect damage initiation and progression in the asphalt mixtures. This study was conducted to develop a tool to characterize the damage properties of the asphalt mixtures at all scales. In the present study the Viscoelastic continuum damage model is implemented into the well-known finite element software ABAQUS via the user material subroutine (UMAT) in order to simulate the state of damage in the binder phase under the repeated uniaxial sinusoidal loading. The inputs are based on the experimentally derived measurements for the binder properties. For the scales of mastic and mortar, the artificially 2-Dimensional images of mastic and mortar scales were generated and used to characterize the properties of those scales. Finally, the 2D scanned images of asphalt mixtures are used to study the asphalt mixture fatigue behavior under loading. In order to validate the proposed model, the experimental test results and the simulation results were compared. Indirect tensile fatigue tests were conducted on asphalt mixture samples. A comparison between experimental results and the results from simulation shows that the model developed in this study is capable of predicting the effect of asphalt binder properties and aggregate micro-structure on mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete under loading
Book Synopsis Using Image-based Multi-scale Finite Element Model to Predict Rutting Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures by : Cheng Ling
Download or read book Using Image-based Multi-scale Finite Element Model to Predict Rutting Behavior of Asphalt Mixtures written by Cheng Ling and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rutting resistance is one of the essential needs in design of asphalt mixtures. Volumetric properties, and wheel tracking tests are used today to qualify the rutting resistance in practice. However, these tools are used on a trial and error basis and are mostly based on experience. With all the experience available today it is still not clear what is the contribution of aggregate structure and if plastomeric or elastomeric modifiers are preferred for better resistance. While expanding the types of aggregates and binders used in testing could help, a more fundamental understanding of how aggregate contacts are formed and how binders can contribute to actual mechanics of rutting resistance is a better path for designing of mixtures. In the last decade significant improvement in imaging and multi-scale modeling has been achieved, which allows looking closer at how binders and aggregates could affect rutting resistance. One of the most challenging aspects of this modeling effort is dealing with aggregates proximity zones and how response of mixture changes when aggregates come into contact. This dissertation includes a modification of an Image-based Finite Element model for addressing this challenge and provide a solution that is simple yet effective in better simulating of rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. The dissertation also includes validation of the model to simulate measured performance of mixtures produced with plastomeric and elastomeric modifiers with different viscoelastic properties, as well as different aggregate gradations. Results indicate that predefined contact points are necessary for reliable prediction of rutting resistance of mixtures. The results also show that the non-recoverable creep compliance of binders plays a significant role, while elasticity of modified binder is not important. Further application of the model shows that it can be successfully used to simulate effects of mixture confining pressure to simulate pavement depth, and also to simulate effects of varying voids content and moisture damage due to the weakening of the interface bond between aggregates and binder. It is expected that the improved modeling of contact zones will allow a more rational selection of aggregates and modification techniques to enhance the rutting resistance of asphalt pavement.
Book Synopsis Micromechanics-based Multiscale Lattice Modeling of Fatigue Cracking in Hot Mixed Asphalt by :
Download or read book Micromechanics-based Multiscale Lattice Modeling of Fatigue Cracking in Hot Mixed Asphalt written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents a novel micromechanics-based lattice procedure designed to characterize the cracking performance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) from its constituent material properties. The approach essentially consists of a series of direct-lattice models integrated with multiscale technique. A typical direct-lattice modeling starts with a preprocessor that discretizes the microstructure of a specimen, which is either physically or virtually fabricated, into a random truss lattice. The mixture performance can be predicted by analyzing such lattice network using a general-purpose finite element program FEP++. The cracking process in HMA is simulated by successive removal of failed links representing microcracks. In this study, a surface energy based failure criterion is developed to trigger the creation and subsequent extension of microcracks. Due to the disparate length scales associated with microcracking and specimen size, the direct-lattice modeling described above would demand unrealistic computational cost for modeling even a laboratory scale HMA specimens. In order to make the procedure more practical, the multiscale approach is implemented. Essentially, multi-scale model considers the effect of different-sized aggregates at different length scales. Such an approach reduces the computational cost significantly, while capturing the mechanical phenomenon at various length scales. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multiscale lattice procedure is illustrated by modeling an actual indirect tensile (IDT) test on a thin cylindrical HMA specimen and making quantitative comparisons with experimental measurements, including full-strain fields measured by the digital image correlations (DIC) technique.
Author :American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Publisher :AASHTO ISBN 13 :1560510552 Total Pages :622 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (65 download)
Book Synopsis AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, 1993 by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Download or read book AASHTO Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, 1993 written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 1993 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design related project level pavement management - Economic evaluation of alternative pavement design strategies - Reliability / - Pavement design procedures for new construction or reconstruction : Design requirements - Highway pavement structural design - Low-volume road design / - Pavement design procedures for rehabilitation of existing pavements : Rehabilitation concepts - Guides for field data collection - Rehabilitation methods other than overlay - Rehabilitation methods with overlays / - Mechanistic-empirical design procedures.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Approach for Modeling Hot Mix Asphalt by : Samer Hassan Dessouky
Download or read book Multiscale Approach for Modeling Hot Mix Asphalt written by Samer Hassan Dessouky and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is a granular composite material stabilized by the presence of asphalt binder. The behavior of HMA is highly influenced by the microstructure distribution in terms of the different particle sizes present in the mix, the directional distribution of particles, the distribution of voids, and the nucleation and propagation of cracks. Conventional continuum modeling of HMA lacks the ability to explicitly account for the effect of microstructure distribution features. This study presents the development of elastic and visco-plastic models that account for important aspects of the microstructure distribution in modeling the macroscopic behavior of HMA. In the first part of this study, an approach is developed to introduce a length scale to the elasticity constitutive relationship in order to capture the influence of particle sizes on HMA response. The model is implemented in finite element (FE) analysis and used to analyze the microstructure response and predict the macroscopic properties of HMA. Each point in the microstructure is assigned effective local properties which are calculated using an analytical micromechanical model that captures the influence of percent of particles on the microscopic response of HMA. The moving window technique and autocorrelation function are used to determine the microstructure characteristic length scales that are used in strain gradient elasticity. A number of asphalt mixes with different aggregate types and size distributions are analyzed in this paper. In the second part of this study, an elasto-visco-plastic continuum model is developed to predict HMA response and performance. The model incorporates a Drucker-Prager yield surface that is modified to capture the influence of stress path direction on the material response. Parameters that reflect the directional distribution of aggregates and damage density in the microstructure are included in the model. The elasto-visco-plastic model is converted into a numerical formulation and is implemented in FE analysis using a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). A fully implicit algorithm in time-step control is used to enhance the efficiency of the FE analysis. The FE model used in this study simulates experimental data and pavement section.
Book Synopsis Degradation of Elastomers in Practice, Experiments and Modeling by : Gert Heinrich
Download or read book Degradation of Elastomers in Practice, Experiments and Modeling written by Gert Heinrich and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-14 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes new insights into the main aspects of rubber degradation by material’s fatigue, wear and aging evolution, as well as their impact on mechanical rubber properties. It provides a thorough state-of-art explanation of the essential chemical, physical and mechanical principles as well as practices of material characterization for wear prediction, and to convey or define novel strategies and procedures of planning effective wear test programs. The initiating factors of abrasion, the development of surface abrasion on sharp and blunt tracks (so called cutting and chipping) and the influence of smear and lubricants is also summarized. The volume is of interest to research scientists in related fields from academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Multiscale Simulation of Failure Based on Space-time Finite Element Method and Non-ordinary State-based Peridynamics by : Shogo Wada
Download or read book Multiscale Simulation of Failure Based on Space-time Finite Element Method and Non-ordinary State-based Peridynamics written by Shogo Wada and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Engineering materials such as rubbers are widely used in industrial applications and are often exposed to cyclic stress and strain conditions while in service. To ensure safety and reliability, quantifying the effect of loads on the life is an important but challenging task, due to the combination of geometric/material nonlinearities and loading conditions for extended time durations. In this work, a novel simulation-based approach based on space-time finite element method (FEM) is presented with a goal to capture fatigue failure in rubbery material subjected to cyclic loads and dynamic fracture in general elastic solids. It is established by integrating the time discontinuous Galerkin (TDG) formulation with either nonlinear material constitutive laws or peridynamics models. In the first implementation, nonlinear space-time FEM framework is established and integrated with a continuum damage mechanics (CDM) model to account for the damage evolution due to cyclic loading. CDM parameters for synthetic rubber are calibrated based on fatigue experiment. The nonlinear system in space-time FEM is solved using Newton’s method in which the system Jacobian is approximated with a finite difference approach. The developed approach is then employed to solve a set of benchmark problems involving fracture and low cycle fatigue in rubber. Additional tests on notched rubber sheet specimen are carried out to validate the simulation predictions. The simulation predictions yield good agreement with the tests. In addition, it is shown that responses to fatigue load with 106 cycles can be captured using the proposed approach. In the second case, a multiscale method that couples the space-time FEM based on the time discontinuous Galerkin method with non-ordinary state-based peridynamics (NOPD) is developed for dynamic fracture simulation. A concurrent coupling scheme is presented for the coupling, in which the whole domain is discretized by finite elements, and a local domain of interest is simulated with NOPD. The space-time FEM approach allows flexible choice of time step size and this makes the computation more effective. As a meshfree method, NOPD is introduced as a fine scale representation to capture the initiation and propagation of the crack. Through coupling to space-time FEM, NOPD simulation domain moves with the propagating crack front, leading to an adaptive multiscale simulation scheme. The robustness of this methodology is demonstrated through examples of a linear elastic material, in which comparisons are made to the full scale NOPD simulation. In summary, the proposed space-time approach introduces the key capability to establish approximations in the temporal domain, thus enabling prediction of nonlinear responses that are strongly time-dependent. This is demonstrated in two cases in this dissertation: the first involves fatigue failure prediction at extended time scale, and the second deals with dynamic fracture at small time scale. Based on the implementation and results, it is concluded the established space-time FEM framework is both efficient and accurate, and overcomes the critical limit of the traditional FEM approach using semi-discrete time integration schemes. The presented framework is ideal for many engineering problems featured by a multitude of temporal scales.
Book Synopsis Experimental Testing and Constitutive Modelling of Pavement Materials by : Xueyan Liu
Download or read book Experimental Testing and Constitutive Modelling of Pavement Materials written by Xueyan Liu and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2023-10-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavement materials such as asphalt mixtures, granular aggregates, and soils exhibit complex material properties and engineering performance under external loading and environmental conditions. For instance, the asphalt mixture shows highly nonlinear viscoelastic and viscoplastic properties at high temperatures, and it presents fatigue cracking damage and fracture properties at intermediate or low temperatures. Constitutive models based on mechanics theories have been the kernel of performance prediction of pavement infrastructures and materials. They lay down a solid foundation for material selection, design, pavement structural evaluation and maintenance decisions. Advances in mechanics modeling and associated experimental testing for pavement infrastructures and construction materials are emerging constantly, such as nonlinear viscoelasticity, viscoplasticity, fracture, and damage mechanics models. Meanwhile, various numerical modeling technologies are being developed and implemented to solve the multiscale and multiphysical equations. Examples include finite element, discrete element, and micromechanics or molecular dynamics simulations at different dimensions and scales. This reprint provides a unique platform, presenting novel studies and new discoveries in the areas of mechanics, numerical modeling and experimental testing of pavement infrastructures and materials.
Book Synopsis Development and Verification of the Overlay Tester Based Fatigue Cracking Prediction Approach by : Fujie Zhou
Download or read book Development and Verification of the Overlay Tester Based Fatigue Cracking Prediction Approach written by Fujie Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this project was to develop and verify the overlay tester (OT) based fatigue cracking prediction approach in which the OT is used to determine fracture properties (A and n) of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures. This approach was developed based on fracture mechanics. However, not only was the fatigue crack propagation characterized by Paris' law fracture concepts, but the crack initiation described by traditional fatigue model was also included in this approach. In this approach, the fundamental HMA fracture properties (A and n) were used to estimate fatigue life of asphalt pavements including crack initiation and crack propagation.
Book Synopsis The Phenomenological Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Behavior by : Nicholas W. Tschoegl
Download or read book The Phenomenological Theory of Linear Viscoelastic Behavior written by Nicholas W. Tschoegl and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the principal objects of theoretical research in any department of knowledge is to find the point of view from which the subject appears in its greatest simplicity. J. Willard Gibbs This book is an outgrowth of lectures I have given, on and off over some sixteen years, in graduate courses at the California Institute of Technology, and, in abbreviated form, elsewhere. It is, nevertheless, not meant to be a textbook. I have aimed at a full exposition of the phenomenological theory of linear viscoelastic behavior for the use of the practicing scientist or engineer as well as the academic teacher or student. The book is thus primarily a reference work. In accord with the motto above, I have chosen to describe the theory of linear viscoelastic behavior through the use of the Laplace transformation. The treatment oflinear time-dependent systems in terms of the Laplace transforms of the relations between the excitation add response variables has by now become commonplace in other fields. With some notable exceptions, it has not been widely used in viscoelasticity. I hope that the reader will find this approach useful.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Design of Flexible Pavements and Materials by : Dallas N. Little
Download or read book Modeling and Design of Flexible Pavements and Materials written by Dallas N. Little and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook lays out the state of the art for modeling of asphalt concrete as the major structural component of flexible pavements. The text adopts a pedagogy in which a scientific approach, based on materials science and continuum mechanics, predicts the performance of any configuration of flexible roadways subjected to cyclic loadings. The authors incorporate state-of the-art computational mechanics to predict the evolution of material properties, stresses and strains, and roadway deterioration. Designed specifically for both students and practitioners, the book presents fundamentally complex concepts in a clear and concise way that aids the roadway design community to assimilate the tools for designing sustainable roadways using both traditional and innovative technologies.
Book Synopsis Mechanistic Model to Predict the Impact of the Aggregate Matrix on the Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures by : Samer Hassan Dessouky
Download or read book Mechanistic Model to Predict the Impact of the Aggregate Matrix on the Permanent Deformation of Asphalt Mixtures written by Samer Hassan Dessouky and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is a granular composite material stabilized by the presence of asphalt binder. The behavior of HMA is highly influenced by the microstructure distribution in terms of the different aggregate particles present in the mix, the directional distribution of aggregates, the distribution of voids, and the nucleation and propagation of cracks. Conventional continuum modeling of HMA lacks the ability to explicitly account for the effect of aggregate microstructure distribution features. This report presents the development of elastic and visco-plastic models that account for important aspects of the aggregate and microstructure distribution in modeling the macroscopic behavior of HMA. The objective of Project 0-1707 is to develop tools by which engineers can judge the impact of the aggregate on the performance of HMA based on simple and repeatable tests. Of greatest concern in Project 0-1707 is the ability of the HMA to resist permanent deformation or to rut, which leads to safety concerns, especially under wet surface conditions. In this report, the research team develops an approach is developed to introduce a length scale to the elasticity constitutive relationship in order to capture the influence of aggregate particle sizes on HMA response. A finite element (FE) analysis is used to analyze the microstructure response and predict the macroscopic properties of HMA. Each point in the microstructure is assigned effective local properties that are calculated using an analytical micromechanical model that captures the influence of the number of particles on the microscopic response of the HMA. The moving window technique and autocorrelation function are used to determine the microstructure characteristic length scales that are used in strain gradient elasticity. A number of asphalt mixes with different aggregate types and size distributions are analyzed . An elasto-visco-plastic continuum model is developed to predict HMA response and performance. The model incorporates a Drucker-Prager yield surface that is modified to capture the influence of stress path direction on the material response. Parameters that reflect the directional distribution of aggregates and damage density in the microstructure are included in the model. The elasto-visco-plastic model is converted into a numerical formulation and is implemented in FE analysis using a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). A fully implicit algorithm in time-step control is used to enhance the efficiency of the FE analysis. The FE model used in this project simulates experimental data and pavement section.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Service Life Using 3D Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and Nonlinear Fatigue Damage Model by : Zhi Suo
Download or read book Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Pavement Service Life Using 3D Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis and Nonlinear Fatigue Damage Model written by Zhi Suo and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study has been conducted at Hong Kong Polytechnic University to develop a procedure to better predict long-term performance of asphalt concrete pavements. To achieve this end, complicated finite element techniques are employed and parametric studies are performed. The fatigue destructive mechanics (fracture mechanics and damage mechanics) are used to develop a 3D Finite element model that can be applied to characterize the nonlinear properties of the asphalt concrete materials. A set of materials tests is preformed to evaluate various bituminous wearing course materials by using Universal Servo Pneumatic Testing System in Hong Kong Road Research Laboratory such as indirect tensile modulus, dynamic creep, indirect tensile fatigue and wheel tracking. The materials for this study comprise conventional asphalt concrete wearing course (ACWC) and stone mastic asphalt (SMA) with a virgin 60/70 bitumen and different modified bitumen (Polypropylene, Crumb rubber, Cellulose fiber, Asbestos fiber and Gilsonite). The test results are analyzed in a multiple regression technique to capture the parameters in the proposed creep model. With the developed materials models, the typical flexible pavement structures are modeled in the finite element software, ANSYS. The real vehicle loads are employed and the effects of the footprint shape, loading frequency, and curing time are studied by using this computer simulation technique. The simulation results show that the SMA has a better healing effect and a longer micro-damage fatigue life than other mixtures with significantly enhanced healing effect. In addition, after the fatigue analysis and the prediction of the service life of flexible pavement, a sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of cross section and load attributes factors on pavement response.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of X-Ray Computed Tomography and Finite Element Models for Fatigue Experimental Hot Mix Asphalt Characterization by : Magdy Shaheen
Download or read book Evaluation of X-Ray Computed Tomography and Finite Element Models for Fatigue Experimental Hot Mix Asphalt Characterization written by Magdy Shaheen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue cracking is one of the major distresses of surface hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavement that shorten pavement service life. Under typical Canadian weather conditions, fatigue distress requires frequent and high-cost maintenance and is therefore always a key concern for pavement construction and design engineers. The primary focus of this thesis was the development of an advanced understanding of the mechanisms underlying fatigue resistance in surface HMA materials. The research objectives have been achieved through extensive experimental evaluation, advanced image-based characterization techniques, and three-dimensional (3D) image-based microstructural finite element (FE) modelling. The findings of this study can therefore be considered a guide for the development of HMA that exhibits superior fatigue performance for use in pavement designs that might lead to longer-lasting pavements and enhanced performance.
Book Synopsis The Development of Asphalt Mix Creep Parameters and Finite Element Modeling of Asphalt Rutting by : Ludomir Uzarowski
Download or read book The Development of Asphalt Mix Creep Parameters and Finite Element Modeling of Asphalt Rutting written by Ludomir Uzarowski and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of a Fast and Cost-effective Asphalt Mixture Fatigue Test System by : Aksel Seitllari
Download or read book Development of a Fast and Cost-effective Asphalt Mixture Fatigue Test System written by Aksel Seitllari and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fatigue cracking is one of the critical distress modes in asphalt pavements. Accurate prediction and evaluation of fatigue performance are crucial to extending the service life of asphalt mixtures. Naturally, laboratory testing methods for fatigue characterization are time-consuming and require sophisticated procedures. Any effort to improve the speed and quality of the information gained from laboratory fatigue tests is valuable. This research work presents the results of a study investigating the possibility of implementing a new approach to characterize asphalt mixture fatigue behavior. This new approach includes cyclic tests run on cylindrical asphalt specimens in three-point beam mode (herein referred to as three-point bending cylinder (3PBC) geometry). Timoshenko beam theory along with the viscoelastic continuum damage (VECD) theory was implemented to model the mechanical response of the specimens. An excellent correlation between the results of 3PBC tests and uniaxial push-pull fatigue tests were observed. The 3PBC setup possesses the most advantages of uniaxial push-pull tests and includes more advantages such as not requiring a saw to cut the ends of the sample, not requiring gluing operation (and the gluing jig) and the possibility of estimating Poisson's ratio from the data. The proposed 3PBC approach was evaluated through laboratory tests conducted on various asphalt mixtures with varying binder types, mix components, and volumetric properties. The approach proposed herein was validated through finite element analysis. In addition, ruggedness evaluation of the 3PBC testing approach through varying factors and their levels were investigated and presented.
Book Synopsis Pavement Cracking by : Imad L. Al-Qadi
Download or read book Pavement Cracking written by Imad L. Al-Qadi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-30 with total page 932 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
