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Download Development Of A Stable Cobalt Ruthenium Fischer Tropsch Catalyst Technical Progress Report No 12 July 1 September 30 1992 full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Development Of A Stable Cobalt Ruthenium Fischer Tropsch Catalyst Technical Progress Report No 12 July 1 September 30 1992 ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst: Technical Progress Report No. 12, July 1 - September 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 12, July 1, 1992--September 30, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fixed bed pilot plant, the catalyst testing procedure, and the calculations for conversion and selectivities were previously described in the technical progress report covering the period of 3/16/88 to 6/16/88 for Contract DE-AC22-87PC79812. Conversions and hydrocarbon selectivities were calculated using data from an on-line gas chromatography (GC) analyzer. Alcohol selectivities were calculated using data from an on-line boiling point GC analyzer which analyzed the liquid product. The catalysts were prepared via the steps of impregnation, calcination, and reduction on a special Y-zeolite-derived support. The impregnation step consisted of evaporation of metal salts on to the support from an aqueous solution. For one catalyst (No. 6531-188) the metal salts were evaporated on to the support from a reverse micelle solution containing the metal salts. All the catalysts were calcined for four hours at 450°C. The calcined catalysts were loaded in the reactor with a diluent (usually quartz sand) and reduced in-situ for four hours in flowing hydrogen at 350°C. The diluent helps in the removal of heat from the very exothermic Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The catalyst preparation method is summarized in detail in Figure 1. For catalyst testing runs discussed in this report and not summarized previously in earlier reports, run summary plots of conversions and selectivities vs hours-on-stream are attached in Appendix A. Catalyst compositions are shown in Table 2 and summary performance data are shown in Tables 3 and 4.
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst: Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst: Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst: Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 10, January 1, 1992--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report, and the three before it, progress has been reviewed toward finding a support for cobalt/ruthenium-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts. Of the support materials investigated three have so far shown promise: magnesium oxide, carbon and 50/50 alumina/titania. However, as yet catalysts supported on these three materials have proven inferior to the reference TC 211 Y zeolite-supported catalyst with regard to both activity and selectivity. Ruthenium is considered to be a promoter of activity, however, if this effect is manifested in the experimental catalysts it is not enough to make the catalysts more active than the ruthenium-free reference catalyst. The advantages due to reverse micelle are, so far, minimal at best. When the experimental catalysts were operated at higher conversions through evaluation at Conditions 2 and 3, the magnesium oxide-supported catalysts appeared to be closest to the desired low methane selectivity of the reference catalyst at similar conversion. The catalysts prepared on the above supports were not superior to the reference catalyst TC 211. Since the main objective of the current contract is to determine whether cobalt/ruthenium catalysts can be prepared which are superior to cobalt only catalysts, the Y zeolite support will be used in the future. In this special Y zeolite-derived support crystallite size is controlled by the pore size distribution. Thus, the catalyst development objective of controlling the crystallite size will be achieved. In the following quarters, work carried out on the cobalt and cobalt/ruthenium catalysts supported on the Y zeolite-derived support will be reported.
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial experiments have been performed to determine the best activation procedure for the high cobalt, high activity, Y zeolite-supported F-T catalyst. At this time the temperature used for the lower cobalt-level catalyst appears to be the best. Future activation experiments should be done at lower temperatures, but for longer periods of time. The runs outlined in this report and several in earlier reports were done with the standard reactor loading of 13 g but with high activity catalysts. In all of these runs a significant temperature exotherm was observed on the catalyst bed. In future runs less catalyst will be used with the same or more quartz sand diluent. This should reduce or eliminate the catalyst bed exotherm and make it easier to evaluate two different catalysts at the same temperature.
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Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 14, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this contract is to examine the relationship between catalytic properties and the function of cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and to apply this fundamental knowledge to the development of a stable cobalt-based catalyst with a low methane-plus-ethane selectivity for use in slurry reactors.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Reports No. 7 and 8, April 1, 1991--September 30, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this contract is to examine the relationship between catalytic properties and the function of cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts and to apply this fundamental knowledge to the development of a stable cobalt-based catalyst with a low methane-plus-ethane selectivity for use in slurry reactors. An experimental cobalt catalyst 585R2723 was tested three times in the fixed-bed reactor. The objective of the tests was to identify suitable testing conditions for screening catalyst. The [alpha]-alumina was determined to be a suitable diluent medium for controlling the catalyst bed temperature close to the inlet temperature. With 13 g of catalyst and 155 g of diluent, the catalyst maximum temperature were within 2°C from the inlet temperatures. As a result of this work, 210°C and 21 atm were shown to result in low methane selectivity and were used as initial conditions in the catalyst screening test. Ethane, which along with methane is undesirable, is typically produced with low selectivity and follows the same trend as methane. Other work reported here indicated that methane selectivity increases with increasing temperature but is not excessively high at 230°C. Consequently, the catalyst screening test should include an evaluation of the catalyst performance at 230°C. During Run 67, the increase in temperature from 210°C to 230°C was initiated at 30 hours on-stream.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 13, October 1, 1992--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Four new catalysts (No. 6531-194, -196, -202, and -204) were prepared using steamed, acid-washed Y-zeolite as support. Two batches of support were used, each prepared by extensive acid-washing of the steamed Y-zeolite. X-ray analysis (Table 2) of the acid-washed supports suggests that crystallinity of the steamed Y-zeolite is destroyed during the acid washing. These supports can be best described as amorphous silica. Three of the four catalysts (No. 6531-196,- 202, and -204) contained ruthenium in addition to the usual cobalt, manganese and zirconium. An important objective of this contract is to determine whether small amounts of ruthenium can enhance the properties of cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalysts.
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Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 17, 1 November 1993--31 December 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very high cobalt catalysts have been prepared on steamed and acid-washed y zeolite. These catalysts are very active. Some of them have proven to be very stable. Additionally, if provisions are made to control the temperature build up on the catalyst bed, low methane selectivities result. Additional work is indicated, for instance, perhaps even higher activity catalysts can result from higher levels of cobalt or changes in the catalyst preparation procedure. Since the issue of whether small amounts of ruthenium can promote the catalyst is not completely resolved, catalyst preparation procedure experiments should continue with ruthenium vs. ruthenium-free catalysts. For instance, different methods of impregnation and/or activation should be investigated.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 9, October 1, 1991--December 31, 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work performed in the program suggests that cobalt catalytic performance is a complex function of crystallite size, crystallite composition, and cobalt-support interaction. These properties are determined by the nature of support, the bimetallic component, the promoters, and the method of preparation. Results so far indicate that the lowest methane selectivity occurs on support No. 8, and the highest activity is obtained on support No. 10. Also, promoters 2 and 3 may help lower the formation of methane. These findings, along with the catalyst knowledge gained during Union Carbide's former contract AC22-84PC70028, will be used to develop a superior cobalt catalyst.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fischer-Tropsch Catalyst. Technical Progress Report No. 15, 1 April 1993--30 June 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The high cobalt catalyst described in the previous quarterly report of this contract has been bound and evaluated in the fixed-bed and slurry autoclave pilot plants. The fixed-bed test showed it to be less active after binding than before. The purpose of binding is to provide a granular catalyst suitable for use in liquid phase Fischer-Tropsch (LPFT) processing. In such processing a granular catalyst is required to facilitate its separation from the FT wax product by mechanical means. The bound catalyst was evaluated in the slurry autoclave under LPFT conditions. In this test the temperature of the catalyst could be more precisely controlled at target than in the fixed-bed test due to the large amount of diluent and continual stirring. When operated at a temperature sufficient to induce the same conversion as in the fixed-bed test, the methane selectivity was 10 mole % -- 2% less than in the fixed-bed test. The high cobalt catalyst, bound and unbound, in the fixed-bed or slurry autoclave pilot plants, was not conversion stable. At a given temperature it seemed to approach a conversion line out, however, catalysts more stable at high conversion are required. The unbound catalyst contained more cobalt than previous unbound catalysts in this work. Furthermore, it contained a small amount of ruthenium. Either or both of these properties could have been responsible for the superior activity.
Author : Shiro Watanabe
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Bench-scale Studies of the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Over Iron, Nickel, and Nickel Cobalt Catalysts (Japan) written by Shiro Watanabe and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 806 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Development of a Stable Cobalt-ruthenium Fisher-Tropsch Catalyst. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
