Development of a Numerical Model of Slamming Using Finite Element - Finite Volume Methods Coupling

Download Development of a Numerical Model of Slamming Using Finite Element - Finite Volume Methods Coupling PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (786 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Development of a Numerical Model of Slamming Using Finite Element - Finite Volume Methods Coupling by : Maxime Gabriel Lucas Goutard

Download or read book Development of a Numerical Model of Slamming Using Finite Element - Finite Volume Methods Coupling written by Maxime Gabriel Lucas Goutard and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the advent of new high-speed marine vessels, engineers face the challenge of designing them under complex loading conditions. A load case of particular interest is the slamming load. Slamming is characterised by highly dynamic nonlinear loading that may drastically affect the structural integrity of vessel's structures. To evaluate the effect of slamming on marine vessel's structures, the hydraulic pressure exerted and the structural response have to be accurately estimated. A phenomenon of major interest in slamming is hydro-elasticity, which is the interaction between the slamming induced pressure field and the structural deformation. The aim of this work is to develop a two-dimensional numerical model of slamming to understand the fundamental physics of fluid-structure interaction, and, in particular, to capture the hydro-elastic phenomenon using numerical modelling. In this work, a numerical model of slamming for flat rigid and elastic panels is presented. A two-way fluid-structure coupling is used to evaluate the fluid flow behaviour and the slamming induced structural response. The Finite Volume (FV) Method is used for the fluid flow analysis and the Finite Element (FE) Method is used for the structural analysis. An Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulation is used to accurately track the panel motion, and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method is used for tracking the water free-surface motion. The model is validated using various parameters against experimental results. The analysis of the rigid specimen showed the capabilities of the coupled FV-FE method to predict slamming induced pressure fields and structural deformation. It is found that slamming induces a major peak pressure that travels along the panel until it reaches the chine. The value of this pressure peak is closely related to the dead-rise angle and impact velocity of the slamming event, and cannot be neglected when designing marine structures subject to slamming. However, slamming induced pressures associated with elastic panels reaches smaller peak values compared to those of the rigid panels due to the effect of hydro-elasticity. Furthermore, it is noticed that although it reduces slamming induced pressures, the structural deformation leads to a major peak pressure after the slamming event. It is also observed that hydro-elasticity has a major impact for slamming at low dead-rise angles. The numerical model developed will contribute to the design and optimisation of high performance marine vessels.

Maritime Technology and Engineering 5 Volume 2

Download Maritime Technology and Engineering 5 Volume 2 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100045908X
Total Pages : 1634 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Maritime Technology and Engineering 5 Volume 2 by : Carlos Guedes Soares

Download or read book Maritime Technology and Engineering 5 Volume 2 written by Carlos Guedes Soares and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-08 with total page 1634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of two volumes comprises the collection of the papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Maritime Technology and Engineering (MARTECH 2020) that was held in Lisbon, Portugal, from 16 to 19 November 2020. The Conference has evolved from the series of biennial national conferences in Portugal, which have become an international event, and which reflect the internationalization of the maritime sector and its activities. MARTECH 2020 is the fifth of this new series of biennial conferences. The set comprises 180 contributions that were reviewed by an International Scientific Committee. Volume 2 is dedicated to ship performance and hydrodynamics, including CFD, maneuvering, seakeeping, moorings and resistance. In addition, it includes sections on ship machinery, renewable energy, fishing and aquaculture, coastal structures, and waves and currents.

Vehicle, Mechatronics and Information Technologies II

Download Vehicle, Mechatronics and Information Technologies II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3038264415
Total Pages : 4823 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Vehicle, Mechatronics and Information Technologies II by : X.D. Yu

Download or read book Vehicle, Mechatronics and Information Technologies II written by X.D. Yu and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 4823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 International Conference on Vehicle & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (VMEIT 2014), February 19-20, 2014. The 1058 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Design and Researches in Area of Vehicle and General Mechanical Engineering, Chapter 2: Power and Electric Systems, Electronics and Microelectronics, Embedded and Integrated Systems, Chapter 3: Measurement and Instrumentation, Monitoring and Detection Technologies, Fault Diagnosis, Chapter 4: Mechatronics, Automation and Control, Chapter 5: Computation Methods and Algorithms for Modeling, Simulation and Optimization, Data Mining and Data Processing, Chapter 6: Communication, Signal and Image Processing, Data Acquisition, Identification and Recognition Technologies, Chapter 7: Information Technologies, WEB and Networks Engineering, Information Security, Software Application and Development, Chapter 8: Material Science, Technologies of Material Processing, Exploration and Mining of Mineral Resources, Chapter 9: Building Materials and Technologies in Construction, Chapter 10: New Technologies in Urban Construction and Environmental Engineering, Chapter 11: Modern Tendency in Area of Management Engineering, Logistics, Economics, Finance and Education, Chapter 12: Applied Research and Solutions in Area of Sports and Physical Training

Analysis and Design of Marine Structures V

Download Analysis and Design of Marine Structures V PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315685051
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (156 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Analysis and Design of Marine Structures V by : C. Guedes Soares

Download or read book Analysis and Design of Marine Structures V written by C. Guedes Soares and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis and Design of Marine Structures V contains the papers presented at MARSTRUCT 2015, the 5th International Conference on Marine Structures (Southampton, UK, 25-27 March 2015). The MARSTRUCT series of conferences started in Glasgow, UK in 2007, the second event of the series took place in Lisbon, Portugal (2009), while the third was in Hambur

Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering

Download Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1040125832
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering by : Carlos Guedes Soares

Download or read book Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering written by Carlos Guedes Soares and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-05-08 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering comprises a collection of the papers presented at the 7th International Conference on Maritime Technology and Engineering (MARTECH 2024) held in Lisbon, Portugal, on 14-16 May 2024. This Conference has evolved from the series of biannual national conferences in Portugal, which have become an international event, reflecting the internationalization of the maritime sector and its activities. MARTECH 2024 is the seventh of this new series of biannual conferences. This book comprises 142 contributions that were reviewed by an International Scientific Committee. Advances in Maritime Technology and Engineering is dedicated to maritime transportation, ports as well as maritime safety and reliability. It further comprises sections dedicated to ship design, cruise ship design, and to the structural aspects of ship design, such as ultimate strength and composites, subsea structures as pipelines, and to ship building and ship repair. The Proceedings in Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering series is dedicated to the publication of proceedings of peer-reviewed international conferences dealing with various aspects of “Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering”. The series includes the proceedings of the following conferences: the International Maritime Association of the Mediterranean (IMAM) conferences, the Marine Structures (MARSTRUCT) conferences, the Renewable Energies Offshore (RENEW) conferences and the Maritime Technology (MARTECH) conferences. The “Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering” series is also open to new conferences that cover topics on the sustainable exploration of marine resources in various fields, such as maritime transport and ports, usage of the ocean including coastal areas, nautical activities, the exploration and exploitation of mineral resources, the protection of the marine environment and is resources, and risk analysis, safety and reliability. The aim of the series is to stimulate advanced education and training through the wide dissemination of the results of scientific research.

Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures

Download Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981154624X
Total Pages : 1072 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures by : Tetsuo Okada

Download or read book Practical Design of Ships and Other Floating Structures written by Tetsuo Okada and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the peer-reviewed proceedings of the 14th International Symposium, PRADS 2019, held in Yokohama, Japan, in September 2019. It brings together naval architects, engineers, academic researchers and professionals who are involved in ships and other floating structures to share the latest research advances in the field. The contents cover a broad range of topics, including design synthesis for ships and floating systems, production, hydrodynamics, and structures and materials. Reflecting the latest advances, the book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners alike.

Proceedings of the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress

Download Proceedings of the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008054116X
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (85 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress by : A.E Mansour

Download or read book Proceedings of the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress written by A.E Mansour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-06-26 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: KEY FEATURES: Provides researchers in Ocean engineering with a thorough review of the latest research in the field Lengthy reports by leading experts A valuable resource for all interested in ocean engineering DESCRIPTION: The International Ship and Offshore Congress (ISSC) is a forum for the exchange of information by experts undertaking and applying marine structural research. These three volumes contain the eight technical committee reports, six Specialist Committee and 2 Special Task Committee reports which were presented for the 15th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress (ISSC 2004) in San Diego USA, between 11th and 15th August 2003. Volume III will be published in 2004 and is to contain the discussion of the reports, the chairmen's reply, the text of the invited Lecture and the congress report of ISSC 2003.

Applied mechanics reviews

Download Applied mechanics reviews PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Applied mechanics reviews by :

Download or read book Applied mechanics reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems

Download Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139434187
Total Pages : 582 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems by : Randall J. LeVeque

Download or read book Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems written by Randall J. LeVeque and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-08-26 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2002, contains an introduction to hyperbolic partial differential equations and a powerful class of numerical methods for approximating their solution, including both linear problems and nonlinear conservation laws. These equations describe a wide range of wave propagation and transport phenomena arising in nearly every scientific and engineering discipline. Several applications are described in a self-contained manner, along with much of the mathematical theory of hyperbolic problems. High-resolution versions of Godunov's method are developed, in which Riemann problems are solved to determine the local wave structure and limiters are then applied to eliminate numerical oscillations. These methods were originally designed to capture shock waves accurately, but are also useful tools for studying linear wave-propagation problems, particularly in heterogenous material. The methods studied are implemented in the CLAWPACK software package and source code for all the examples presented can be found on the web, along with animations of many of the simulations. This provides an excellent learning environment for understanding wave propagation phenomena and finite volume methods.

Proceedings of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress

Download Proceedings of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Proceedings of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress by : Hideomi Ohtsubo

Download or read book Proceedings of the 14th International Ship and Offshore Structures Congress written by Hideomi Ohtsubo and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4

Download Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319549308
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4 by : Matthew S. Allen

Download or read book Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4 written by Matthew S. Allen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-23 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4: Proceedings of the 35th IMAC, A Conference and Exposition on Structural Dynamics, 2017, the fourth volume of ten from the Conference brings together contributions to this important area of research and engineering. The collection presents early findings and case studies on fundamental and applied aspects of the Dynamics of Coupled Structures, including papers on: Experimental Nonlinear Dynamics Joints, Friction & Damping Nonlinear Substructuring Transfer Path Analysis and Source Characterization Analytical Substructuring & Numerical Reduction Techniques Real Time Substructuring Assembling & Decoupling Substructures & Boundary Conditions

Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics

Download Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128193530
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics by : Jing Tang Xing

Download or read book Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics written by Jing Tang Xing and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-30 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluid-Solid Interaction Dynamics: Theory, Variational Principles, Numerical Methods and Applications gives a comprehensive accounting of fluid-solid interaction dynamics, including theory, numerical methods and their solutions for various FSI problems in engineering. The title provides the fundamental theories, methodologies and results developed in the application of FSI dynamics. Four numerical approaches that can be used with almost all integrated FSI systems in engineering are presented. Methods are linked with examples to illustrate results. In addition, numerical results are compared with available experiments or numerical data in order to demonstrate the accuracy of the approaches and their value to engineering applications. The title gives readers the state-of-the-art in theory, variational principles, numerical modeling and applications for fluid-solid interaction dynamics. Readers will be able to independently formulate models to solve their engineering FSI problems using information from this book. Presents the state-of-the-art in fluid-solid interaction dynamics, providing theory, method and results Takes an integrated approach to formulate, model and simulate FSI problems in engineering Illustrates results with concrete examples Gives four numerical approaches and related theories that are suitable for almost all integrated FSI systems Provides the necessary information for bench scientists to independently formulate, model, and solve physical FSI problems in engineering

Advanced Manufacturing and Information Engineering, Intelligent Instrumentation and Industry Development

Download Advanced Manufacturing and Information Engineering, Intelligent Instrumentation and Industry Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Trans Tech Publications Ltd
ISBN 13 : 3038265772
Total Pages : 4066 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Manufacturing and Information Engineering, Intelligent Instrumentation and Industry Development by : J.Z. Ma

Download or read book Advanced Manufacturing and Information Engineering, Intelligent Instrumentation and Industry Development written by J.Z. Ma and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2014-08-11 with total page 4066 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 2014 2nd International Conference on Precision Mechanical Instruments and Measurement Technology (ICPMIMT 2014), May 30-31, 2014, Chongqing, China. The 885 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Mechanics and Dynamics, Applied Mechanics, Advanced Development in Manufacturing and Industry Engineering, Chapter 2: Mechatronics, Automation and Control, Intelligent Algorithms for Automation and Control, Chapter 3: Measurement and Instrumentation, Monitoring, Testing, Detection, Recognition and Identification Technologies, Chapter 4: Power and Electric Research, Electronics and Microelectronics, Embedded and Integrated Systems, Chapter 5: Algorithms, Computation and Information Technologies

Advances in Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves

Download Advances in Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812836500
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves by : Qingwei Ma

Download or read book Advances in Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Water Waves written by Qingwei Ma and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1. Model for fully nonlinear ocean wave simulations derived using Fourier inversion of integral equations in 3D / J. Grue and D. Fructus -- ch. 2. Two-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the dynamics of rogue waves under wind action / J. Touboul and C. Kharif -- ch. 3. Progress in fully nonlinear potential flow modeling of 3D extreme ocean waves / S.T. Grilli [und weitere] -- ch. 4. Time domain simulation of nonlinear water waves using spectral methods / F. Bonnefoy [und weitere] -- ch. 5. QALE-FEM method and its application to the simulation of free-responses of floating bodies and overturning waves / Q.W. Ma and S. Yan -- ch. 6. Velocity calculation methods in finite element based MEL formulation / V. Sriram, S.A. Sannasiraj and V. Sundar -- ch. 7. High-order Boussinesq-type modelling of nonlinear wave phenomena in deep and shallow water / P.A. Madsen and D.R. Fuhrman -- ch. 8. Inter-comparisons of different forms of higher-order Boussinesq equations / Z.L. Zou, K.Z. Fang and Z.B. Liu -- ch. 9. Method of fundamental solutions for fully nonlinear water waves / D.-L. Young, N.-J. Wu and T.-K. Tsay -- ch. 10. Application of the finite volume method to the simulation of nonlinear water waves / D. Greaves -- ch. 11. Developments in multi-fluid finite volume free surface capturing method / D.M. Causon, C.G. Mingham and L. Qian -- ch. 12. Numerical computation methods for strongly nonlinear wave-body interactions / M. Kashiwagi, C. Hu and M. Sueyoshi -- ch. 13. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics for water waves / R.A. Dalrymple [und weitere] -- ch. 14. Modelling nonlinear water waves with RANS and LES SPH models / R. Issa [und weitere] -- ch. 15. MLPG_R method and Its application to various nonlinear water waves / Q.W. Ma -- ch. 16. Large Eddy simulation of the hydrodynamics generated by breaking waves / P. Lubin and J.-P. Caltagirone -- ch. 17. Recent advances in turbulence modeling for unsteady breaking waves / Q. Zhao and S.W. Armfield -- ch. 18. Freak waves and their interaction with ships and offshore structures / G.F. Clauss

Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws

Download Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Birkhäuser
ISBN 13 : 3034851162
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws by : LEVEQUE

Download or read book Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws written by LEVEQUE and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These notes developed from a course on the numerical solution of conservation laws first taught at the University of Washington in the fall of 1988 and then at ETH during the following spring. The overall emphasis is on studying the mathematical tools that are essential in de veloping, analyzing, and successfully using numerical methods for nonlinear systems of conservation laws, particularly for problems involving shock waves. A reasonable un derstanding of the mathematical structure of these equations and their solutions is first required, and Part I of these notes deals with this theory. Part II deals more directly with numerical methods, again with the emphasis on general tools that are of broad use. I have stressed the underlying ideas used in various classes of methods rather than present ing the most sophisticated methods in great detail. My aim was to provide a sufficient background that students could then approach the current research literature with the necessary tools and understanding. vVithout the wonders of TeX and LaTeX, these notes would never have been put together. The professional-looking results perhaps obscure the fact that these are indeed lecture notes. Some sections have been reworked several times by now, but others are still preliminary. I can only hope that the errors are not too blatant. Moreover, the breadth and depth of coverage was limited by the length of these courses, and some parts are rather sketchy.

Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications

Download Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039287206
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications by : Mehrdad Massoudi

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications written by Mehrdad Massoudi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.

Hydroelasticity of Ships

Download Hydroelasticity of Ships PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521223287
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Hydroelasticity of Ships by : Richard Evelyn Donohue Bishop

Download or read book Hydroelasticity of Ships written by Richard Evelyn Donohue Bishop and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1979-12-27 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Good,No Highlights,No Markup,all pages are intact, Slight Shelfwear,may have the corners slightly dented, may have slight color changes/slightly damaged spine.