Development Of A Mash Tl 4 Steel Side Mounted Beam And Post Bridge Rail

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Development of a MASH TL-4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail

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Author : Oscar Pena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 732 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

Book Synopsis Development of a MASH TL-4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail by : Oscar Pena

Download or read book Development of a MASH TL-4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail written by Oscar Pena and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new steel, side-mounted, beam-and-post, bridge rail was designed, crash-tested, and evaluated according to safety performance guidelines included in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) for Test Level 4 (TL-4). The new bridge rail system was designed to be compatible to multiple concrete bridge decks utilized by the States of Illinois and Ohio. Bridge rail configurations were designed and optimized based on weight per foot, constructability, and safety. Post-to-rail and rail-to-rail connections were designed for the new bridge rail. Several concepts for these connections were configured, and after discussion with representatives from the Illinois and Ohio DOTs, a preferred concept was selected for full-scale crash testing with a single-unit truck, a pickup truck, and a small car. The new bridge rail consisted of three tubular steel rail elements supported by W6x15 (W150x22.5) steel posts mounted to the exterior, vertical edge of the concrete deck and spaced on 8 ft (2.4 m) on centers. The top rail element was an HSS 12-in. x 4-in. x 1⁄4-in. (HSS 304.8-mm x 101.6-mm x 6.4-mm) and the lower two rail elements were HSS 8-in. x 6-in. x 1⁄4-in. (HSS 203.2-mm x 152.4-mm x 6.4-mm). The centerline heights of the rail elements were 37 in. (940 mm), 28 in. (711 mm), and 16 in. (406 mm) above the surface of the deck for the top, middle, and bottom rails, respectively. Three MASH TL-4 crash tests were performed on the new bridge rail, which successfully contained and redirected the MASH TL-4 vehicles. All occupant risk measures and evaluation criteria were within MASH limits. For MASH test designation no. 4-12 with the single-unit truck, the impact severity did not meet the minimum limit of 142.0 kip-ft (180.6 kJ). Thus, test designation no. 4-12 is recommended to be re-run. However, a maximum roll angle of 36 degrees and a dynamic deflection of 4.3 in. (109.2 mm) represent a positive indication that a subsequent test with a single-unit truck would likely meet MASH TL-4 impact safety criteria.

Development of a MASH Test Level 4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail

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Author : Oscar Pena
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)

Book Synopsis Development of a MASH Test Level 4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail by : Oscar Pena

Download or read book Development of a MASH Test Level 4 Steel, Side-mounted, Beam-and-post, Bridge Rail written by Oscar Pena and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new steel, side-mounted, beam-and-post, bridge rail was designed, crash-tested, and evaluated according to safety performance guidelines included in the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition (MASH 2016) for Test Level 4 (TL-4). The new bridge rail system was designed to be compatible with multiple concrete bridge decks utilized by the States of Illinois and Ohio. Bridge rail configurations were designed and optimized based on weight per foot, constructability, and safety. Post-to-rail and rail-to-rail connections were designed for the new bridge rail. Several concepts for these connections were configured, and after discussion with representatives from Illinois and Ohio Departments of Transportation, a preferred concept was selected for full-scale crash testing with a single-unit truck (SUT), a pickup truck, and a small car. The new bridge rail consisted of three tubular steel rail elements supported by W6x15 (W150x22.5) steel posts mounted to the exterior, vertical edge of the concrete deck and spaced at 8 ft (2.4 m) on centers. The top rail element was an HSS 12-in. x 4-in. x 1⁄4-in. (HSS 304.8-mm x 101.6-mm x 6.4-mm) and the lower two rail elements were HSS 8-in. x 6-in. x 1⁄4-in. (HSS 203.2-mm x 152.4-mm x 6.4-mm). The centerline heights of the rail elements were 37 in. (940 mm), 28 in. (711 mm), and 16 in. (406 mm) above the surface of the deck for the top, middle, and bottom rails, respectively. Four MASH 2016 TL-4 crash tests were performed on the new bridge rail, which successfully contained and redirected each of the MASH 2016 TL-4 vehicles. All occupant risk measures and evaluation criteria were within MASH 2016 limits. In the initial run of test designation no. 4-12, test no. STBR-1 with the SUT, the impact severity did not meet the minimum limit of 142.0 kip-ft (180.6 kJ). Thus, test designation no. 4-12 was re-run in test no. STBR-4, and the results met all MASH 2016 impact safety criteria, ensuring that the new bridge rail meets MASH 2016 TL-4 standards.

Development of Post-to-deck Connections for Use in a MASH TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail

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Author : Pascual Mauricio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

Book Synopsis Development of Post-to-deck Connections for Use in a MASH TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail by : Pascual Mauricio

Download or read book Development of Post-to-deck Connections for Use in a MASH TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail written by Pascual Mauricio and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new post-to-deck connection was designed for mounting an upcoming Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 4 steel-tube bridge rail to the side of the bridge deck to limit impact load transferred to the deck and to minimize the propensity for deck damage during impacts. With preference for the bridge rail system to be compatible for use on all deck configurations, the Illinois and Ohio Departments of Transportation desired the new system to attach to bridge decks comprised of concrete slabs or precasted prestressed, concrete box-beam girders. A new post-to-deck connection for a new MASH 2016 TL-4 steel-tube bridge rail was developed and tested. The connection featured a W6x15 steel post to be side-mounted to the deck. The post-to-deck connection was designed to fully develop the plastic bending capacity of the W6x15 post without causing deck damage. Post anchorage hardware was also designed to sustain impact loads transferred to the deck while preventing deck damage. Four post-to-deck connection concepts were developed and optimized through dynamic component testing. Only lateral impacts were conducted on the design concepts, side-mounted to a concrete box-beam girder. For the dynamic component testing, post-to-deck connection concepts varied on the type of welded post assembly connecting to longitudinal tube spacers, which in turn mounted to various post anchorages casted within the concrete box-beam girder. The resulting damage from each test varied from plastic deformation of the post between two plate attachments on the post assembly or post bending above one singular plate attachment due to the development of a plastic hinge near the surface of the deck. The post-to-deck connection featuring a singular plate attachment with longitudinal tube spacers was recommended for use based on the post bending near the surface of the deck, as intended.

Development of a Post-to-deck Connection for a TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail

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Author : Pascual Mauricio
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (123 download)

Book Synopsis Development of a Post-to-deck Connection for a TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail by : Pascual Mauricio

Download or read book Development of a Post-to-deck Connection for a TL-4 Steel-tube Bridge Rail written by Pascual Mauricio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new post-to-deck connection was designed for mounting an upcoming Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition (MASH 2016) Test Level 4 (TL-4) steel-tube bridge rail to the side of the bridge deck to limit the impact load transferred to the deck and to minimize the propensity for deck damage during impacts. With preference for the bridge rail system to be compatible for use on all deck configurations, the Illinois and Ohio Departments of Transportation desired the new system to attach to bridge decks comprised of concrete slabs or precast prestressed, concrete box-beam girders. A new post-to-deck connection for a new MASH 2016 TL-4 steel-tube bridge rail was developed and tested. The connection featured a W6x15 steel post to be side-mounted to bridge decks. A post-to-deck connection concept was developed and optimized through dynamic component testing. Lateral impacts were conducted on the design concepts, side-mounted to a concrete box-beam girder. For the dynamic component testing, post-to-deck connection configurations varied on the type of welded post assembly connecting to longitudinal tubes, which in turn mounted to various anchors cast within the box-beam girder. The resulting damage from each test varied from plastic deformation of the post between two plate attachments on the post assembly or post bending above one plate attachment due to the development of a plastic hinge near the surface of the deck. The post-to-deck connection featuring a singular plate attachment was recommended for use based on the post bending near the surface of the deck, as intended.

Steel Railing, Type IL-OH

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Author : Scott K. Rosenbaugh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

Book Synopsis Steel Railing, Type IL-OH by : Scott K. Rosenbaugh

Download or read book Steel Railing, Type IL-OH written by Scott K. Rosenbaugh and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, the Midwest Roadside Safety Facility worked with the Illinois and Ohio Departments of Transportation to develop a new side-mounted, steel tube bridge rail to satisfy the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware, Second Edition (MASH) Test Level 4 (TL-4) safety performance criteria. The new bridge rail was designed to be adaptable to multiple bridge deck configurations, including cast-in-place concrete slabs and prestressed box-beam decks. The system was designed to remain crashworthy after the placement of a future roadway overlay up to 3 in. thick. The final design incorporated three HSS tube rails supported by W6x15 posts spaced at 8 ft on-center. Additionally, a transition from the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) to the new side-mounted, steel tube bridge rail was developed to satisfy MASH TL-3 criteria. The approach guardrail transition (AGT) incorporated the MGS upstream stiffness transition and 34-in. tall nested thrie-beam to account for future overlays. A distance of 9 ft was established between the last AGT post and the first bridge rail post in order to span over any structures that may prohibit post installation (abutments, wing walls and/or drainage features) Specialized HSS end rails were developed to extend between the adjacent bridge and AGT posts and provide the strength required to redirect errant vehicles. The development and full-scale testing of both the bridge rail and the transition were documented in previous reports. This report, the fourth in the series, summarizes the development and evaluation of the systems, contains CAD details and component variation descriptions, and provides implementation guidance for the Steel Railing Type IL-OH and its associated transition.

Roadside Design Guide

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Author : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Roadside Design Guide by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety

Download or read book Roadside Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges

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Author : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
Publisher : AASHTO
ISBN 13 : 1560514698
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (65 download)

Book Synopsis LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges by : American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials

Download or read book LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guidelines for Shielding Bridge Piers

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Author : Malcolm H. Ray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (17 download)

Book Synopsis Guidelines for Shielding Bridge Piers by : Malcolm H. Ray

Download or read book Guidelines for Shielding Bridge Piers written by Malcolm H. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Road Infrastructure and Mobility

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Author : Amin Akhnoukh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030798011
Total Pages : 1211 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

Book Synopsis Advances in Road Infrastructure and Mobility by : Amin Akhnoukh

Download or read book Advances in Road Infrastructure and Mobility written by Amin Akhnoukh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-21 with total page 1211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on recent advances in the planning, design, construction and management of new and existing roads with a particular focus on safety, sustainability and resilience. It discusses field experience through case studies and pilots presented by leading international subject-matter specialists. Chapters were selected from the 18th International Road Federation World Meeting & Exhibition, Dubai 2021.

Canmaking

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Author : Terry A. Turner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475747055
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

Book Synopsis Canmaking by : Terry A. Turner

Download or read book Canmaking written by Terry A. Turner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal protectin, including both metal treatments and coating systems. affords mutual protection for both can and contents. this book is the first reference to meld the knowledge of chemical companies and canmaking companies, covering materials and processes used in both protective and decorative aspects of metal packaging. Topics include basic substrates (aluminum and steel), demands of the markets served, basic metal-forming processes, and the specific decorative and protctive needs of different packaging types, with emphasis give to the technologies most likely to be used, such as ultraviolet curing. This practical reference gives readers a backround and familiarity with terminology and technology and gives insight into why certain technologies are used over others.

Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy

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Author : Gabriella Coleman
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1781689830
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (816 download)

Book Synopsis Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy by : Gabriella Coleman

Download or read book Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy written by Gabriella Coleman and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2015-10-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate book on the worldwide movement of hackers, pranksters, and activists collectively known as Anonymous—by the writer the Huffington Post says “knows all of Anonymous’ deepest, darkest secrets” “A work of anthropology that sometimes echoes a John le Carré novel.” —Wired Half a dozen years ago, anthropologist Gabriella Coleman set out to study the rise of this global phenomenon just as some of its members were turning to political protest and dangerous disruption (before Anonymous shot to fame as a key player in the battles over WikiLeaks, the Arab Spring, and Occupy Wall Street). She ended up becoming so closely connected to Anonymous that the tricky story of her inside–outside status as Anon confidante, interpreter, and erstwhile mouthpiece forms one of the themes of this witty and entirely engrossing book. The narrative brims with details unearthed from within a notoriously mysterious subculture, whose semi-legendary tricksters—such as Topiary, tflow, Anachaos, and Sabu—emerge as complex, diverse, politically and culturally sophisticated people. Propelled by years of chats and encounters with a multitude of hackers, including imprisoned activist Jeremy Hammond and the double agent who helped put him away, Hector Monsegur, Hacker, Hoaxer, Whistleblower, Spy is filled with insights into the meaning of digital activism and little understood facets of culture in the Internet age, including the history of “trolling,” the ethics and metaphysics of hacking, and the origins and manifold meanings of “the lulz.”

A Week at the Fair

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Author : Rand McNally and Company
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

Book Synopsis A Week at the Fair by : Rand McNally and Company

Download or read book A Week at the Fair written by Rand McNally and Company and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Food Processing

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Author : J. Scott Smith
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047028997X
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

Book Synopsis Food Processing by : J. Scott Smith

Download or read book Food Processing written by J. Scott Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renowned international academicians and food industry professionals have collaborated to create Food Processing: Principles and Applications. This practical, fully illustrated resource examines the principles of food processing and demonstrates their application by describing the stages and operations for manufacturing different categories of basic food products. Ideal as an undergraduate text, Food Processing stands apart in three ways: The expertise of the contributing authors is unparalleled among food processing texts today. The text is written mostly by non-engineers for other non-engineers and is therefore user-friendly and easy to read. It is one of the rare texts to use commodity manufacturing to illustrate the principles of food processing. As a hands-on guide to the essential processing principles and their application, this book serves as a relevant primary or supplemental text for students of food science and as a valuable tool for food industry professionals.

Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants

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Author : Murray Fowler
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470344113
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (73 download)

Book Synopsis Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants by : Murray Fowler

Download or read book Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants written by Murray Fowler and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-09 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elephants are possibly the most well-known members of the animal kingdom. The enormous size, unusual anatomy, and longevity of elephants have fascinated humans for millenia. Biology, Medicine, and Surgery of Elephants serves as a comprehensive text on elephant medicine and surgery. Based on the expertise of 36 scientists and clinical veterinarians, this volume covers biology, husbandry, veterinary medicine and surgery of the elephant as known today. Written by the foremost experts in the field Comprehensively covers both Asian and African elephants Complete with taxonomy, behavioral, geographical and systemic information Well-illustrated and organized for easy reference

Federal-aid Policy Guide

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Federal-aid Policy Guide by :

Download or read book Federal-aid Policy Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Handbook of Food Packaging

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Author : Frank A. Paine
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461528100
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

Book Synopsis A Handbook of Food Packaging by : Frank A. Paine

Download or read book A Handbook of Food Packaging written by Frank A. Paine and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of a successful title first published in 1983 and now therefore a decade out of date. The authors consider the development of the right package for a particular food in a particular market, from the point of view of the food technologist, the packaging engineer and those concerned with marketing. While the original format has been retained, the contents have been thoroughly revised to take account of the considerable advances made in recent years in the techniques of food processing, packaging and distribution. While efficient packaging is even more a necessity for every kind of food, whether fresh or processed, and is an essential link between the food producer and the consumer, the emphasis on its several functions has changed. Its basic function is to identify the product and ensure that it travels safely through the distribution system to the consumer. Packaging designed and constructed solely for this purpose adds little or nothing to the value of the product, merely preserving farm or processor freshness or preventing physical damage, and cost effectiveness is the sole criterion for success. If, however, the packaging facilitates the use of the product, is reusable or has an after-use, some extra value can be added to justify the extra cost and promote sales. Many examples of packaging providing such extra value can be cited over the last decade.

Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development

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Author : Antony C. Sutton
Publisher : Stanford, Calif. : Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

Book Synopsis Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development by : Antony C. Sutton

Download or read book Western Technology and Soviet Economic Development written by Antony C. Sutton and published by Stanford, Calif. : Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace, Stanford University. This book was released on 1968 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: