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Author : Adam Ranson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (87 download)
Download or read book Development and Plasticity of the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Adam Ranson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262121545
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (215 download)
Download or read book Development of the Visual System written by Retina Research Foundation (U.S.). Symposium and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of the Visual System presents a selection of current studies that clearly illustrate principles of visual system development. These range from retinal development in fish and frogs to the effects of abnormal visual experience on the primary visual cortex of the cat. The book is unique in addressing four specific and fundamental aspects of development: cell lineage and cell fate, specificity and targeting of axons, specification of visual cortex, and correlates of the critical period. Encompassing technical advances in cellular and molecular biology and in video imaging and microscopy, contributions in each of these areas provide new information at the cellular and molecular levels to complement the now classic descriptions of visual development previously available at the level of neural systems.ContributorsKaren L. Allendoerfer, David M. Altshuler, Antonella Antonini, Seymour Benzer, Edward M. Callaway, Constance L. Cepko, Hollis T. Cline, Max S. Cynader, N. W. Daw, Scott E. Fraser, K. Fox, Eckhard Friauf, Anirvan Ghosh, R. W. Guillery, William A. Harris, Christine E. Holt, Lawrence C. Katz, Susan McConnell, Pamela A. Raymond, Thomas A. Reh, Carla J. Shatz, Michael P. Stryker, Claudia A. 0. Stuermer, Mriganka Sur, David L. Turner, T. N. Wiesel
Author : Deda Gillespie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Neurotrophins in Development and Plasticity of Cat Primary Visual Cortex written by Deda Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dustin Jared Hayden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Passive Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Dustin Jared Hayden and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stimulus-selective response plasticity (SRP) is a form of experience-dependent plasticity readily measured in primary visual cortex (V1) of mice. Chronic local field potential (LFP) recordings in layer 4 (L4) of V1 allow for the tracking of visually evoked potentials (VEPs) in response to phase-reversing sinusoidal grating stimuli. As a given visual stimulus becomes familiar to the mouse, the VEP magnitude increases. This increase in VEP magnitude is highly selective to stimulus features, such as the orientation, spatial frequency, and contrast of the grating. Previous work has shown that SRP requires synaptic mechanisms that are not only hallmarks of Hebbian synaptic plasticity, but also the engagement of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) inhibitory interneurons. Herein we build upon this foundational work and show that SRP expression can be explained as the engagement of two different interneuron subclasses: somatostatin-positive (SOM+) and PV+ cells. Familiar visual stimuli induce an increase in low-frequency (10-30 Hz) oscillations and an increase in SOM+ cell activity in L4. Conversely, novel visual stimuli induce an increase in high-frequency (60-80 Hz) oscillations and an increase in PV+ cell activity in L4. These differences in oscillations and cell activities to familiar and novel stimuli emerge in the seconds after the start of a block of stimuli. Finally, we show using laminar recordings in V1 that familiar stimuli cause elevated peak firing throughout most layers compared to novel stimuli, but reduced overall activity due to quick attenuation of the evoked signal. Together, these data further develop our understanding of experience-dependent plasticity.
Author : Joshua A. Gordon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Plasticity of the Developing Visual Cortex in Normal and Mutant Mice written by Joshua A. Gordon and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Takao Kurt Hensch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (66 download)
Download or read book Development and Plasticity of Visual Cortex written by Takao Kurt Hensch and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Lena A. Khibnik
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (744 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Ocular Dominance Plasticity in the Juvenile and Adult Mouse Visual Cortex written by Lena A. Khibnik and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is a classic example of bidirectional experience-dependent plasticity in the primary visual cortex. This form of plasticity is most robust during early postnatal development (termed the "critical period"), when monocular deprivation (MD) leads to a rapid weakening of responses evoked through the deprived eye followed by a delayed strengthening of non-deprived eye inputs. It has been proposed that these bidirectional changes occur as a three-stage process: first, degradation of patterned visual input weakens deprived-eye responses via homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD); this is accompanied by a shift in the plasticity modification threshold (0m) that determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, such that synaptic strengthening is favored over synaptic weakening; finally, weak open-eye responses are strengthened via the mechanisms of homosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP). Despite the growing evidence supporting this model of experience-dependent synaptic modification, the exact molecular and synaptic mechanisms that are responsible for these processes remain controversial. In my thesis work, I address three questions. First, I attempt to parse the relative contribution of excitatory and inhibitory processes to expression of the OD shift in order to understand how deprived-eye depression is expressed in the cortex. To address this, I first induce a shift in OD with 3 days of MD and then use several pharmacological methods to shut off cortical inhibitory synaptic transmission. I demonstrate that rapid deprived-eye depression is strongly expressed at excitatory thalamocortical synapses without any influences of polysynaptic intracortical inhibition. In the second part of my work, I try to resolve the nature/identity of the molecular mechanism that underlies the regulation of [theta]m. Using a transgenic mouse model, I find that a reduction in the NR2A/B subunit ratio of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor during MD alters the qualities of OD plasticity by impairing weakening of deprived-eye inputs and enhancing strengthening of open-eye inputs. These findings suggest that NMDAR subunit composition may specify the value and the rate of adjustment of synaptic 0m, which in turn determines the bidirectional cortical response to MD. The final portion of my thesis addresses the factors that limit OD plasticity beyond the critical period. I test the hypothesis that the developmental increase in intracortical GABAergic inhibitory synaptic transmission is a fundamental restricting factor for adult cortical plasticity and demonstrate that parvalbumin-expressing fast-spiking basket cells are specifically implicated in the absence of juvenile-like deprived-eye depression in adult mice.
Author : Evgenia Kalogeraki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (971 download)
Download or read book Enhancing Visual Cortical Plasticity in Mice by Enriching Their Environment written by Evgenia Kalogeraki and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain plasticity is important not only for normal brain functions like learning and memory, but is also crucial for recovery after injuries. It has been shown that the environment has a great influence on brain plasticity. Here, I investigate the impact of an enriched environment (EE) on ocular dominance (OD) plasticity of the mouse primary visual cortex (V1), using monocular deprivation (MD) as a model to trigger OD-plasticity and optical imaging of intrinsic signals to monitor it. Additionally, a variety of behavioural tests was used to measure the visual abilities of mice and their alter...
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (995 download)
Download or read book The Role of Visual Experience in Shaping Synaptic Plasticity from Two Pathways Onto Common Cells on the Primary Visual Cortex of Mice written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Taekeun Kim (Ph. D.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)
Download or read book Understanding Experience-dependent Plasticity of Cellular and Network Activity in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex written by Taekeun Kim (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory experiences in daily life modulates corresponding primary sensory cortices and eventually alter our behavior in a befitting manner. One of the most impactful sensory modules is vision. Primary visual cortex (V1) in mammals is particularly malleable during a juvenile critical period, but this plasticity lasts even in adulthood. A representative form of visual cortical plasticity is ocular dominance (OD) plasticity following temporary monocular deprivation (MD). Here, we used a mouse model of amblyopia and revealed that juvenile OD plasticity, which manifests as depression of response to the deprived eye, requires expression of an immediate early gene, Arc. Also, the juvenile OD shift requires the activity of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in layer 4 excitatory principal neurons in V1. Another simple but powerful phenomenon of an adult form of visual cortical plasticity is stimulus-selective response potentiation (SRP). SRP is induced simply through experience to the same gratings visual stimulus over days, resulting in potentiation of visually-evoked potentials (VEPs) in layer 4 of V1. Due to the lack of studies regarding the cellular and network activity changes coincident with the induction of SRP, we have used calcium indicator expressing mice to visualize cellular activity across days of SRP training. Using two-photon calcium imaging, we found that there is indeed no significant net change in the population of active neurons during presentation of the familiar (trained) visual stimulus. Follow-up endoscopic calcium imaging revealed that rather, there is a significant reduction of somatic calcium responses selectively for the familiar visual stimulus on the test day following 5 days of SRP induction. Interestingly, the cellular calcium response to the first presentation of the familiar visual stimulus in each block was substantially similar to the response to those of a novel, yet unseen visual stimulus. However, calcium responses to the familiar visual stimulus dramatically decreased as stimulation was repeated in each presentation block within, and across days of SRP training, whereas the response to the novel visual stimulus on the test day was maintained. The findings that short-latency VEP responses are potentiated, while the slower responses revealed by calcium imaging are depressed suggest that feedback inhibition in V1 is strongly recruited by visual recognition of familiar stimulus. A number of previous studies have suggested that deficits in experience-dependent sensory cortical plasticity and perceptual learning are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Rett syndrome and schizophrenia. Our results, therefore, may contribute to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of these disorders and may help inform ways of intervention and treatments.
Author : A. Kaneko
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431684476
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (316 download)
Download or read book The Neural Basis of Early Vision written by A. Kaneko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in recent decades have elucidated signal transduction in the retina and the function of the visual cortex. The highly flexible nature of neural circuits in the visual cortex especially during the critical period has been an interesting subject for studying neural plasticity and development. Recent advances in the visual neurosciences of the vertebrate retina and the visual cortex were discussed during the 12th Keio International Symposium for Life Science and Medicine, meeting jointly with Vision Forum 2002. Contributions to the symposium collected in this volume reflect the convergence of physiological, cell biological, molecular, mathematical, and clinical approaches. The book covers topics ranging from phototransduction to visual information processing in the primary visual cortex, and includes clinical studies on hereditary night blindness, creating a valuable source of information for researchers and clinicians in the visual neurosciences.
Author : Rosanna Sammons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Mechanisms of Homeostatic Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex written by Rosanna Sammons and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During development, newly established cortical circuits are undergoing a period of experience dependent refinement. Visual deprivation during this time leads to the induction of plasticity mechanisms, including homeostatic plasticity measures. These are a distinct set of plasticity mechanisms thought to play a role in maintaining stability within networks, and preventing large perturbations in overall activity levels. Homeostatic plasticity mechanisms can be divided into synaptic and intrinsic mechanisms. While details of individual mechanisms are reasonably well understood, details of how these different mechanisms are linked to one another are much less clear. In this thesis, I investigate the relationship between structural and functional forms of synaptic and intrinsic plasticity in layer 2/3 neurons in the monocular visual cortex, before and after induction of plasticity via monocular enucleation. I find that while axon initial segment (AIS) plasticity takes place following deprivation, in both pyramidal neurons, and a subset of inhibitory neurons, it does not correlate with functional measures of excitability. However, in control conditions, I do find a relationship between the synaptic inputs of a neuron, and its intrinsic excitability. Following deprivation, this relationship is altered. Specifically, I find that the activity status of the neuron affects the level of intrinsic excitability, and to some extent, the synaptic input to the cell. Putatively inactive neurons show increased excitability, and trend towards stronger synaptic input in comparison to their active counterparts. These differences between active and inactive cells may reflect the engagement of homeostatic mechanisms in inactive cells, in order to restore their activity levels.
Author : Sonja Hofer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (162 download)
Download or read book Imaging development and plasticity in the mouse visual system written by Sonja Hofer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309069882
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book From Neurons to Neighborhoods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
Author : Steven James Olson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Self-organization, Development, and Adult Plasticity in Primary Visual Cortex written by Steven James Olson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Man Ho Wong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Circuit Refinement in Mouse Visual Cortex During Development written by Man Ho Wong and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Circuit refinement is an important developmental process ensuring correct wiring of synaptic connections. During circuit refinement, favorable connections are generated or strengthened while unfavored ones are weakened or eliminated. Such rewiring of synaptic connections during development is not a random but a sophisticated process with activity or experience-dependent plasticity involved. Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-silent synapses, lacking AMPARs and therefore not transmitting at resting potential, act as the substrates for plasticity and lik...
Author : Mikhail Y. Frenkel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (549 download)
Download or read book Experience-dependent Plasticity in Mouse Visual Cortex written by Mikhail Y. Frenkel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
