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Development And Application Of An Automated Calibration Algorithm For Estimating Evapotranspiration From Agriculture Using A Remotely Sensed Surface Energy Balance Model
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Book Synopsis Development and Application of an Automated Calibration Algorithm for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agriculture Using a Remotely Sensed Surface Energy Balance Model by : Charles Gilbert Morton
Download or read book Development and Application of an Automated Calibration Algorithm for Estimating Evapotranspiration from Agriculture Using a Remotely Sensed Surface Energy Balance Model written by Charles Gilbert Morton and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to develop an automated calibration algorithm for the Mapping Evapotranspiration with Internalized Calibration at High Resolution (METRIC) remotely sensed surface energy balance model. The automated calibration algorithm was used to characterize the uncertainty of calibration of the METRIC model and to explore the potential of using METRIC for operational evapotranspiration (ET) estimates. METRIC is being used by the Nevada Division of Water Resources and the Desert Research Institute to estimate historical consumptive water use (CWU) from agriculture in western Nevada using Landsat imagery. Each METRIC ET estimate must be calibrated by a trained user in a time consuming process. The automated calibration algorithm was designed to generate ET estimates comparable to those from trained users by mimicking the user calibration process. The automated calibration would allow for METRIC ET estimates with minimal user intervention and allow for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of the model and rapid generation of operational ET estimates. For the historical CWU project, ET estimates have been made for different image footprints and dates by multiple users. In order to assess the uncertainty of calibration by multiple users, the automated calibration algorithm was used to generate 100 ET estimates for Landsat TM images from 2006. ET estimates were also generated using an automated pixel selection algorithm developed by the University of Idaho. The automated ET estimates were compared to user METRIC ET estimates of the same image dates made by five trained users. The variation in ET estimates generated by the automated calibration algorithm was found to be similar to the natural variation between user ET estimates. The calibration uncertainty was the highest for fields with low ET levels and lowest for fields with high ET levels. The seasonal calibration 95% confidence interval was found to be approximately 5% for the automated calibration algorithm. In order to assess the accuracy of the automated algorithms, 100 ET estimates were generated for Landsat TM images from 2003-2004 and 2005-2006. Automated daily and seasonal ET estimates compared well with measured ET data at multiple sites, which indicates that automated methods could be used for generating operational ET estimates that are similar to time-intensive manual efforts.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration (ET) by : Pradeep Wagle
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration (ET) written by Pradeep Wagle and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-11 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the water and energy balances, and the number of remote sensing-based ET products and estimation methods has increased in recent years. Various aspects of remote sensing of ET are reported in the 11 papers published in this book. The major research areas covered by this book include inter-comparison and performance evaluation of widely used one- and two-source energy balance models, a new dual-source model (Soil Plant Atmosphere and Remote Sensing Evapotranspiration, SPARSE), and a process-based model (ETMonitor); assessment of multi-source (e.g., remote sensing, reanalysis, and land surface model) ET products; development or improvement of data fusion frameworks to predict continuous daily ET at a high spatial resolution (field-scale or 30 m) by fusing the advanced spaceborne thermal emission reflectance radiometer (ASTER), the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Landsat data; and investigating uncertainties in ET estimates using an ET ensemble composed of several land surface models and diagnostic datasets. The effects of the differences between ET products on water resources and ecosystem management were also investigated. More accurate ET estimates and improved understanding of remotely sensed ET products are crucial for maximizing crop productivity while minimizing water losses and management costs.
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251382425 Total Pages :162 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis Remote sensing determination of evapotranspiration by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Remote sensing determination of evapotranspiration written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2023-10-23 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Near East and North Africa (NENA) Region has long faced water scarcity due to natural causes. Still, factors like population growth, food security policies, and socioeconomic development have worsened the situation in recent decades. Climate change and the food insecurity resulting from the war in Ukraine have further strained the already limited water resources in the region. To address these challenges, countries in the NENA Region seek ways to allocate scarce water resources effectively. They aim to improve water accounting, monitor water usage in strategic hydrological systems, and enhance water productivity and efficiency to save and redistribute water. One crucial aspect to consider in these efforts is water consumption, particularly in irrigated agriculture, which utilizes over 85 percent of renewable freshwater resources while remaining vital to the sustainability of the food sector and farming systems. Given the significant spatial scales involved, satellite remote sensing technology has become a valuable tool in determining evapotranspiration–water consumption. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Regional Initiative on Water Scarcity for the Near East and North Africa (WSI) has gathered top experts in evapotranspiration determination through satellite remote sensing to guide water stakeholders in the region. This initiative has also expanded to other FAO regions through the inter-Regional Technical Platform on Water Scarcity (iRTP-WS). To facilitate knowledge sharing, a series of twenty-five webinars were organized, fostering dialogue between experts and water actors. Additionally, this publication summarizes the outcomes of the webinars and provides further analysis and insights on satellite remote sensing determination of evapotranspiration. The publication aims to update the knowledge and enhance the capacity of water professionals, raise awareness of the strengths and limitations of remote sensing models and databases for evapotranspiration, and clarify operational aspects such as spatial and temporal resolutions and accuracy. Ultimately, it serves as a valuable reference for water actors and professionals working towards sustainable water resource management.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration Using Automated Calibration by : Aaron H. Evans
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration Using Automated Calibration written by Aaron H. Evans and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal remote sensing is a powerful tool for measuring the spatial variability of evapotranspiration due to the cooling effect of vaporization. The residual method is a popular technique which calculates evapotranspiration by subtracting sensible heat from available energy. Estimating sensible heat requires aerodynamic surface temperature which is difficult to retrieve accurately. Methods such as SEBAL/METRIC correct for this problem by calibrating the relationship between sensible heat and retrieved surface temperature. Disadvantage of these calibrations are 1) user must manually identify extremely dry and wet pixels in image 2) each calibration is only applicable over limited spatial extent. Producing larger maps is operationally limited due to time required to manually calibrate multiple spatial extents over multiple days. This dissertation develops techniques which automatically detect dry and wet pixels. LANDSAT imagery is used because it resolves dry pixels. Calibrations using 1) only dry pixels and 2) including wet pixels are developed. Snapshots of retrieved evaporative fraction and actual evapotranspiration are compared to eddy covariance measurements for five study areas in Florida: 1) Big Cypress 2) Disney Wilderness 3) Everglades 4) near Gainesville, FL. 5) Kennedy Space Center. The sensitivity of evaporative fraction to temperature, available energy, roughness length and wind speed is tested. A technique for temporally interpolating evapotranspiration by fusing LANDSAT and MODIS is developed and tested. The automated algorithm is successful at detecting wet and dry pixels (if they exist). Including wet pixels in calibration and assuming constant atmospheric conductance significantly improved results for all but Big Cypress and Gainesville. Evaporative fraction is not very sensitive to instantaneous available energy but it is sensitive to temperature when wet pixels are included because temperature is required for estimating wet pixel evapotranspiration. Data fusion techniques only slightly outperformed linear interpolation. Eddy covariance comparison and temporal interpolation produced acceptable bias error for most cases suggesting automated calibration and interpolation could be used to predict monthly or annual ET. Maps demonstrating spatial patterns of evapotranspiration at field scale were successfully produced, but only for limited spatial extents. A framework has been established for producing larger maps by creating a mosaic of smaller individual maps.
Book Synopsis Towards Tree-level Evapotranspiration Estimation with Small UAVs in Precision Agriculture by : Haoyu Niu
Download or read book Towards Tree-level Evapotranspiration Estimation with Small UAVs in Precision Agriculture written by Haoyu Niu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimating evapotranspiration (ET) has been one of the most critical research areas in agriculture because of water scarcity, the growing population, and climate change. The accurate estimation and mapping of ET are necessary for crop water management. Traditionally, researchers use water balance, soil moisture, weighing lysimeters, or an energy balance approach, such as Bowen ratio or eddy covariance towers to estimate ET. However, these ET methods are point-specific or area-weighted measurements and cannot be extended to a large scale. On the other hand, while remote sensing is able to provide spatially distributed measurements, the spatial resolution of multispectral satellite images is often not enough for crops with clumped canopy structures, such as trees and vines. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can mitigate these spatial and temporal limitations. Lightweight cameras and sensors can be mounted on the UAVs and take high-resolution images. Unlike satellite imagery, the spatial resolution of the UAV images can be at the centimeter-level. UAVs can also fly on-demand, which provides high temporal imagery. This book examines the different UAV-based approaches of ET estimation. Models and algorithms, such as mapping evapotranspiration at high resolution with internalized calibration (METRIC), the two-source energy balance (TSEB) model, and machine learning (ML) are discussed. It also covers the challenges and opportunities for UAVs in ET estimation, with the final chapters devoted to new ET estimation methods and their potential applications for future research.
Book Synopsis Regionalization of Surface Flux Desities and Moisture Indicators in Composite Terrain by :
Download or read book Regionalization of Surface Flux Desities and Moisture Indicators in Composite Terrain written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Surface Energy Balance Models for Mapping Evapotranspiration Using Very High Resolution Airborne Remote Sensing Data by : George Paul
Download or read book Evaluation of Surface Energy Balance Models for Mapping Evapotranspiration Using Very High Resolution Airborne Remote Sensing Data written by George Paul and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture is the largest (90%) consumer of all fresh water in the world. The consumptive use of water by vegetation represented by the process evapotranspiration (ET) has a vital role in the dynamics of water, carbon and energy fluxes of the biosphere. Consequently, mapping ET is essential for making water a sustainable resource and also for monitoring ecosystem response to water stress and changing climate. Over the past three decades, numerous thermal remote sensing based ET mapping algorithms were developed and these have brought a significant theoretical and technical advancement in the spatial modeling of ET. Though these algorithms provided a robust, economical, and efficient tool for ET estimations at field and regional scales, yet the uncertainties in flux estimations were large, making evaluation a difficult task. The main objective of this study was to evaluate and improve the performance of widely used remote sensing based energy balance models, namely: the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL), Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution and with Internalized Calibration (METRIC), and Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS). Data used in this study was collected as part of a multi-disciplinary and multi-institutional field campaign BEAREX (Bushland Evapotranspiration and Agricultural Remote Sensing Experiment) that was conducted during 2007 and 2008 summer cropping seasons at the USDA-ARS Conservation and Production Research Laboratory (CPRL) in Bushland, Texas. Seventeen high resolution remote sensing images taken from multispectral sensors onboard aircraft and field measurements of the agro-meteorological variables from the campaign were used for model evaluation and improvement. Overall relative error measured in terms of mean absolute percent difference (MAPD) for instantaneous ET (mm h−1) were 22.7%, 23.2%, and 12.6% for SEBAL, METRIC, and SEBS, respectively. SEBAL and METRIC performances for irrigated fields representing higher ET with limited or no water stress and complete ground cover surfaces were markedly better than that for dryland fields representing lesser ET and greater soil water deficits with sparser vegetation cover. SEBS algorithm performed equally well for both irrigated and dryland conditions but required accurate air temperature data. Overall, this study provides new insights into the performance of three widely used thermal remote sensing based algorithms for estimating ET and proposed modifications to improve the accuracy of estimated ET for efficient management of water resources.
Book Synopsis A Review of Surface Energy Balance Models for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration with Remote Sensing at High Spatiotemporal Resolution Over Large Extents by : Ryan R. McShane
Download or read book A Review of Surface Energy Balance Models for Estimating Actual Evapotranspiration with Remote Sensing at High Spatiotemporal Resolution Over Large Extents written by Ryan R. McShane and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many approaches have been developed for measuring or estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa), and research over many years has led to the development of remote sensing methods that are reliably reproducible and effective in estimating ETa. Several remote sensing methods can be used to estimate ETa at the high spatial resolution of agricultural fields and the large extent of river basins. More complex remote sensing methods apply an analytical approach to ETa estimation using physically based models of varied complexity that require a combination of ground-based and remote sensing data, and are grounded in the theory behind the surface energy balance model. This report, funded through cooperation with the International Joint Commission, provides an overview of selected remote sensing methods used for estimating water consumed through ETa and focuses on Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) and Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop),two energy balance models for estimating ETa that are currently applied successfully in the United States. The METRIC model can produce maps of ETa at high spatial resolution(30 meters using Landsat data) for specific areas smaller than several hundred square kilometers in extent, an improvement in practice over methods used more generally at larger scales. Many studies validating METRIC estimates of ETa against measurements from lysimeters have shown model accuracies on daily to seasonal time scales ranging from 85 to 95 percent. The METRIC model is accurate, but the greater complexity of METRIC results in greater data requirements, and the internalized calibration of METRIC leads to greater skill required for implementation. In contrast, SSEBop is a simpler model, having reduced data requirements and greater ease of implementation without a substantial loss of accuracy in estimating ETa. The SSEBop model has been used to produce maps of ETa over very large extents (the conterminous United States) using lower spatial resolution (1 kilometer) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Model accuracies ranging from 80 to 95 percent on daily to annual time scales have been shown in numerous studies that validated ETa estimates from SSEBop against eddy covariance measurements. The METRIC and SSEBop models can incorporate low and high spatial resolution data from MODIS and Landsat, but the high spatiotemporal resolution of ETa estimates using Landsat data over large extents takes immense computing power. Cloud computing is providing an opportunity for processing an increasing amount of geospatial “big data” in a decreasing period of time. For example, Google Earth Engine TM has been used to implement METRIC with automated calibration for regional-scale estimates of ETa using Landsat data. The U.S. Geological Survey also is using Google Earth Engine TM to implement SSEBop for estimating ETa in the United States at a continental scale using Landsat data.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies by : Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Water Resources, Disasters, and Urban Studies written by Ph.D., Prasad S. Thenkabail and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive documentation of the scientific and methodological advances that have taken place in understanding remote sensing data, methods, and applications over last 50 years. In a very practical way it demonstrates the experience, utility, methods and models used in studying a wide array of water applications. There are more than 100 leading global experts in the field contributing to this work.
Book Synopsis Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture by : Salim Lamine
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
Book Synopsis Water Management: A View from Multidisciplinary Perspectives by : G. M. Tarekul Islam
Download or read book Water Management: A View from Multidisciplinary Perspectives written by G. M. Tarekul Islam and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a selection of best papers from The International Conference on Water and Flood Management, Bangladesh, 2021. The book chapters are based on contributions from multidisciplinary fields, such as nature-based solutions, hydro-meteorological forecasting, river restoration, coastal risk, episodic natural hazards, water risk and resilience, climate-resilient infrastructure, blue economy, and water management during the COVID-19 pandemic. With changing physical and socioeconomic risks due to changes in climate and anthropogenic interventions, integrated approaches to analyzing these processes and their interactions, along with integrating nature-based solutions, are gaining traction. With this special focus on science, policy, and practice to ensure sustainability in the water sector, the conference provided a platform for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners to exchange their knowledge and experience.
Book Synopsis Recent Advancements in Sustainable Agricultural Practices by : Yasheshwar
Download or read book Recent Advancements in Sustainable Agricultural Practices written by Yasheshwar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9251336547 Total Pages :89 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (513 download)
Book Synopsis WaPOR V2 quality assessment by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book WaPOR V2 quality assessment written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the results of a validation of the version-2 of the WaPOR database, produced by the FRAME consortium partners, eLEAF and VITO. The report summarises the work done by the validation partner (ITC-UTwente) to assess the quality of the new V2 core data components, currently used to estimate and derive agricultural water productivity for Africa and the Near East. WaPOR represents a comprehensive open access data portal that provides information on biomass productivity (with focus on food and agriculture production) and evapotranspiration (evaporative losses and water use) for Africa and the Near East in near real time covering the period from 1 January 2009 to date. WaPOR offers continuous data on a 10-day average basis across Africa and the Near East at three spatial resolutions. The continental level-1 data (250m) cover entire Africa and the Near East (L1). The national level-2 (100m) data cover 21 countries and four river basins (L2). The third level-3 data (30m) cover eight irrigation areas (L3). The quality assessment focused on the core data of the WaPOR database i.e., the evaporative loss components: plant transpiration (T), soil evaporation (E) and interception (I) combined in ETI, the net primary productivity – NPP, the total (TBP) and above ground biomass productivity (AGBP) and reference evapotranspiration – RET.
Book Synopsis Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration Using a Satellite Remote Sensing Based Energy Balance Model by : Charles Scarborough
Download or read book Estimating Crop Evapotranspiration Using a Satellite Remote Sensing Based Energy Balance Model written by Charles Scarborough and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evapotranspiration (ET) is the combination of transpiration from plants and evaporation from land surface sources of water. Accurate accounting of actual crop ET is critical in agricultural water management, especially in areas with intensive irrigation. Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) is a useful tool to spatially estimate actual evapotranspiration (ETa) using satellite imagery. Although METRIC has been a documented success in estimating ETa in regions around the world, especially the semi-arid regions of the western United States, it has not been applied in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States or examined under different irrigation regimes like subsurface drip (SDI) and central pivot irrigation (CPI). This study compares cumulative ETa from corn and soybean crops under CPI and SDI crop fields and provides cumulative ETa images of the fields in southern Delaware. METRIC modeled land surface energy balance data and daily ETa (ETMETRIC) were compared to in-situ observations of incoming solar radiation (RS6́3), surface temperature (Ts), net radiation (R℗Ơn), soil heat flux (G), sensible heat flux (H), latent heat flux (LE), Eddy Covariance ETa (ETEC), and atmometer ETa (ETatm). Turbulent fluxes (H and LE) were adjusted to force energy balance closure using the Bowen ratio method. In-situ data measurements were fixed to a Delaware Environmental Observing System (DEOS) station bordering the SDI field in Warrington Farm, a University of Delaware owned irrigation research farm. METRIC analysis and validation were performed over various dates within the 2015, 2016, and 2017 growing seasons. Modeled values of RS6́3, T℗Ơs, G, and LE agreed reasonably well with observations, while Rn and H yielded large biases. Biases in H are in part due to the internal design of METRIC of internal calibration, which absorb all other energy balance biases to yield accurate values of ETa. Daily time series of ETMETRIC from the 2016 study period agreed well with ETEC, indicated by moderate correlation (R2 = 0.63) and low RMSE (0.75 mm day-1). Results from the 2017 study period were unfavorable (R2 = 0.33, RMSE of 1.13 mm day-1). Less than optimal Landsat coverage over the study area contributed to deviations from observations. Cumulative ETMETRIC was 1.5% and 2.9% greater than ETEC for the 2016 and 2017 study periods, respectively. METRIC analysis was able to detect differences in cumulative ETa℗Ơ of corn and soybean under the CPI system and SDI system. Results indicate that METRIC is a useful tool to create spatial estimates of ETa in an agriculturally intensive area of the mid-Atlantic region.
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Remote Sensing by : Shunlin Liang
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Book Synopsis Single-source Surface Energy Balance Algorithms to Estimate Evapotranspiration from Satellite-based Remotely Sensed Data by :
Download or read book Single-source Surface Energy Balance Algorithms to Estimate Evapotranspiration from Satellite-based Remotely Sensed Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis 2020 Mediterranean and Middle-East Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (M2GARSS) by :
Download or read book 2020 Mediterranean and Middle-East Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (M2GARSS) written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
