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Developing And Calibrating A Numerical Model For Microbially Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Production
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Book Synopsis Developing and Calibrating a Numerical Model for Microbially Enhanced Coal-bed Methane Production by : Simon Emmert
Download or read book Developing and Calibrating a Numerical Model for Microbially Enhanced Coal-bed Methane Production written by Simon Emmert and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Multiscale Microbial Kinetic-transport Models for Prediction and Optimization of Biogenic Coalbed Methane Production by : Gouthami Senthamaraikkannan
Download or read book Development of Multiscale Microbial Kinetic-transport Models for Prediction and Optimization of Biogenic Coalbed Methane Production written by Gouthami Senthamaraikkannan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamental objective of this research project is to develop an enzymatic reaction kinetic model for coal bioconversion which, on integration with multiscale transport models, would allow simulation and optimization of field scale biogenic coalbed methane production. Biogenic coalbed methane (CBM) is an unconventional source of natural gas produced by microbial anaerobic breakdown of coal. Given the many advantages of converting coal to natural gas, much research has been conducted on the enhancement of this natural process at the laboratory scale, and some field scale tests have also been conducted. Commercialization of any such technology requires conceptualization and optimization of field scale strategies. This is a challenge given the complexity and variability of coal, the associated transport processes and the microbial processes involved. In this study, we have used a scaling-up approach starting with the development of reaction kinetics at the smallest scale and the addition of appropriate transport effects at each successive scale to build a model for simulation of CBM in coalbed reservoirs. The first challenge is to develop a suitable microbial kinetic model with reasonable predictive capability. To this end, microbial reaction networks involved in coal bioconversion were extensively reviewed and complemented with analysis and interpretation of data from laboratory experiments to propose a simplified reaction pathway. An enzymatic reaction kinetic model based on simple and modified Monod models was then derived using lumped species, an approach common in kinetic descriptions of complex reaction mixtures such as those found in fluid catalytic cracking. The model was then validated by nonlinear regression of data from various coal enrichment cultures. The kinetic model was next applied to a coreflooding experiment, which is a laboratory scale representation of field conditions, with the inclusion of gas diffusion and sorption behaviour. The model was simplified using computational singular perturbation analysis and an optimal model-based experimental design was devised. Next, a set of partial differential equations were derived to model the multiple gas transport/storage processes occurring in a coalbed reservoir characterized by dual porosity. After discretization using forward difference formulas and non-dimensionalization, the stiff transport model was solved using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Dimensionless numbers derived in the course also allow analysis of dominant processes at changing scales. History matching of the transport model was performed against gas production data from Manville wells in Alberta. Finally, gas transport and reaction kinetics were coupled for simulation of biogenic coalbed methane flow and then advanced to multiphase, multicomponent reservoir simulations in CMG STARS for estimation and optimization of commercial biogenic coalbed methane production. Polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) was used to quantify the effect of parametric uncertainty in the model on estimates of methane production. Legendre orthogonal polynomials were applied in conjunction with PCEs to generate stochastic proxy models for coalbed methane production. In an alternate approach, coefficients of time series models (AR/ARMAX/BJ) were expanded in PCEs to account for dynamic operating variables. Since reservoir models are large and complex with multiple parameters and operating variables, sparse meta models can be employed in proxy model development. The proxy model was then applied for robust optimization based on computationally efficient evaluation of statistical metrics of the costs function at varying operating conditions.
Book Synopsis Coalbed Methane: Scientific, Environmental and Economic Evaluation by : M. Mastalerz
Download or read book Coalbed Methane: Scientific, Environmental and Economic Evaluation written by M. Mastalerz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coalbed gas has been considered a hazard since the early 19th century when the first mine gas explosions occurred in the United States in 1810 and France in 1845. In eastern Australia methane-related mine disasters occurred late in the 19th century with hundreds of lives lost in New South Wales, and as recently as 1995 in Queensland's Bowen Basin. Ventilation and gas drainage technologies are now in practice. However, coalbed methane recently is becoming more recognized as a potential source of energy; rather than emitting this gas to the atmosphere during drainage of gassy mines it can be captured and utilized. Both economic and environmental concerns have sparked this impetus to capture coalbed methane. The number of methane utilization projects has increased in the United States in recent years as a result, to a large extent, of development in technology in methane recovery from coal seams. Between 1994 and 1997, the number of mines in Alabama, Colorado, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia recovering and utilizing methane increased from 1 0 to 17. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates that close to 49 billion cubic feet (Bet) of methane was recovered in 1996, meaning that this amount was not released into the atmosphere. It is estimated that in the same year total emissions of methane equaled 45. 7 Bcf. Other coal mines are being investigated at present, many ofwhich appear to be promising for the development of cost-effective gas recovery.
Book Synopsis Advanced Reservoir and Production Engineering for Coal Bed Methane by : Pramod Thakur
Download or read book Advanced Reservoir and Production Engineering for Coal Bed Methane written by Pramod Thakur and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2016-10-05 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Reservoir and Production Engineering for Coal Bed Methane presents the reader with design systems that will maximize production from worldwide coal bed methane reservoirs. Authored by an expert in the field with more than 40 years of’ experience, the author starts with much needed introductory basics on gas content and diffusion of gas in coal, crucial for anyone in the mining and natural gas industries. Going a step further, chapters on hydrofracking, horizontal drilling technology, and production strategies address the challenges of dewatering, low production rates, and high development costs. This book systematically addresses all three zones of production levels, shallow coal, medium depth coal, and deep coal with coverage on gas extraction and production from a depth of 500 feet to upwards of 10,000 feet, strategies which cannot be found in any other reference book. In addition, valuable content on deep coal seams with content on enhanced recovery, a discussion on CO2 flooding, infra-red heating and even in-situ combustion of degassed coal, giving engineers a greater understanding on how today’s shale activities can aid in enhancing production of coal bed for future natural gas production. Delivers how to recover and degas deeper coal seams while lowering development costs Addresses both sorption process and irreducible fraction of gas in coal, with examples based on the author’s 40 plus years of direct experience Explains how the same techniques used for production from deep shale activity can produce gas from deep coal seems with the help of enhanced recovery, leading to increased gas production
Book Synopsis Single-well Modeling of Coalbed Methane Production by : Elena Martynova
Download or read book Single-well Modeling of Coalbed Methane Production written by Elena Martynova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented study concerns the unconventional coal bed methane (CBM) fields that imply peculiarity of their evaluation. The theoretical basis of the CBM field development is briefly described, most widely known models of changes in the properties of the coal seam are considered. The study objective was formulation of a computation framework based on material balance equation and incorporating non-equilibrium nature of gas desorption, matrix shrinkage and geomechanically dependent relative permeability curves. Further solution of a specific CBM single-well problem and parametric study for evaluation impact of separate parameters were conducted. Focus of the studies was on well production forecasting, effect of mechanical properties of coal on production efficiency, comparison of the analytical models performance based on specific mathematical models for absolute and relative permeabilities and residual saturations. Numerical simulation is not flexible and easy to understand, therefore other tools are needed in order to try out the newly proposed mathematical models of processes occurring during CBM production. For desorption controlled reservoirs, considering non-equilibrium nature of desorption has to be essential, otherwise the production can be significantly overestimated. The currently proposed models have significant drawbacks, since they have to be heavily adapted to give similar results, being based on experimental results with limited pressures. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/152465
Book Synopsis In Situ and Enhanced Coal-bed Methane Production from the Powder River Basin by : Elliott Paul Barnhart
Download or read book In Situ and Enhanced Coal-bed Methane Production from the Powder River Basin written by Elliott Paul Barnhart and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of the coal in the Powder River Basin (PRB) is located in formations too deep to be economically mined but microorganisms within some of these deep coal seams generate coal-bed methane (CBM) which can be harvested and utilized as an energy source. However, little is known about the in situ microbial community, the environmental conditions conducive to CBM production, or the microbial community interactions that promote CBM production. Several sampling locations within the PRB were identified as methane-producing sites based on geochemical analysis of groundwater. A diffusive microbial sampler (DMS) was utilized for microbial sampling which was loaded with coal and only opened at the bottom of the wells where the coal seam was exposed. Pyrotag analysis of DMS coal identified the predominant in situ bacterial and archaeal populations, providing insight into microbes generating CBM within the PRB. Changes in the composition and structure of microbial communities that occur under stimulated conditions were investigated by applying molecular methods in combination with cultivation techniques (with and without nutrient supplementation) to identify conditions which maximize methane production in batch, bench-scale incubations. Results from these studies indicated the addition of yeast extract resulted in an increase in methane production as well as a shift to a microbial population capable of acetate production and/or acetate utilization. Isolation methods targeting coal utilizing Bacteria and methanogenic Archaea were applied in addition to DNA based methods to infer microbial community members present within coalbeds. The acetoclastic methanogen Methanosarcina was isolated which is the only identified methanogen with the high-efficiency acetate kinase (Ack) / phosphotransacetylase (Pta) methane production pathway. This pathway provides increased growth and methane production when acetate concentrations are high which can result from microbial stimulation with nutrients. Genomic analysis revealed Ack evolved through gene duplication and divergence of acetyl CoA synthetase within the methanogenic genome. This research provided novel insight into the evolution of the high-efficiency Ack/Pta pathway. Collectively, this dissertation presents a novel link between the Ack/Pta pathway, stimulated CBM production and genomic insight into the development of this pathway.
Download or read book Coalbed Methane written by Rudy E. Rogers and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1994 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane stored in coalbeds has emerged as an energy source that offers a viable alternative to fossil fuels. This reference discusses the principles of methane storage in coal and the practices of producing the methane economically, and provides an analysis of the coalbed methane process.
Download or read book Methane Modeling written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salient features of technical progress for the first quarter are the following: (I) computer-assisted literature searches have been completed for several strategies designed to cover different aspects of the model development and evaluation program. Some strategy refinement and additional searches are required. Ultimately a comprehensive bibliography will have been compiled and evaluated; (II) basic mathematical components that are sufficient for the development of a first numerical model for water and methane flows to coal mines have been identified. This initial set of components is a basis for the collection and analysis of refinements to provide more realistic accounts of the complex factors affecting coal-bed methane during mining and degasification; (III) a set of basic partial differential equations for flow of water and gas in a horizontal, homogeneous coal seam has been formulated in terms of pressure, pore saturation, and adsorbed gas variables and presented in normalized form for numerical solution. Equation sets corresponding to alternative choices of dependent variables will be formulated and compared with this initial set and (IV) computer subroutines have been modified and assembled to implement one-dimensional, nonsteady, two-phase flow models. These programs implement numerical, finite-difference, method-of-lines algorithms in a format that facilitates substitution of mathematical components and equation sets. Initial runs with this software package have illustrated the superiority of a particular space-discretization scheme and provide data for comparison of grid and permeability weighting schemes.
Book Synopsis The Optimization of Well Spacing in a Coalbed Methane Reservoir by : Pahala Dominicus Sinurat
Download or read book The Optimization of Well Spacing in a Coalbed Methane Reservoir written by Pahala Dominicus Sinurat and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerical reservoir simulation has been used to describe mechanism of methane gas desorption process, diffusion process, and fluid flow in a coalbed methane reservoir. The reservoir simulation model reflects the response of a reservoir system and the relationship among coalbed methane reservoir properties, operation procedures, and gas production. This work presents a procedure to select the optimum well spacing scenario by using a reservoir simulation. This work uses a two-phase compositional simulator with a dual porosity model to investigate well-spacing effects on coalbed methane production performance and methane recovery. Because of reservoir parameters uncertainty, a sensitivity and parametric study are required to investigate the effects of parameter variability on coalbed methane reservoir production performance and methane recovery. This thesis includes a reservoir parameter screening procedures based on a sensitivity and parametric study. Considering the tremendous amounts of simulation runs required, this work uses a regression analysis to replace the numerical simulation model for each wellspacing scenario. A Monte Carlo simulation has been applied to present the probability function. Incorporated with the Monte Carlo simulation approach, this thesis proposes a well-spacing study procedure to determine the optimum coalbed methane development scenario. The study workflow is applied in a North America basin resulting in distinct Net Present Value predictions between each well-spacing design and an optimum range of well-spacing for a particular basin area.
Book Synopsis Management and Effects of Coalbed Methane Produced Water in the Western United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Management and Effects of Coalbed Methane Produced Water in the Western United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-15 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In some coalbeds, naturally occurring water pressure holds methane-the main component of natural gas-fixed to coal surfaces and within the coal. In a coalbed methane (CBM) well, pumping water from the coalbeds lowers this pressure, facilitating the release of methane from the coal for extraction and use as an energy source. Water pumped from coalbeds during this process-CBM 'produced water'-is managed through some combination of treatment, disposal, storage, or use, subject to compliance with federal and state regulations. CBM produced water management can be challenging for regulatory agencies, CBM well operators, water treatment companies, policy makers, landowners, and the public because of differences in the quality and quantity of produced water; available infrastructure; costs to treat, store, and transport produced water; and states' legal consideration of water and produced water. Some states consider produced water as waste, whereas others consider it a beneficial byproduct of methane production. Thus, although current technologies allow CBM produced water to be treated to any desired water quality, the majority of CBM produced water is presently being disposed of at least cost rather than put to beneficial use. This book specifically examines the Powder River, San Juan, Raton, Piceance, and Uinta CBM basins in the states of Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. The conclusions and recommendations identify gaps in data and information, potential beneficial uses of CBM produced water and associated costs, and challenges in the existing regulatory framework.
Book Synopsis Compositional Modeling of Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery by : Julio Manik
Download or read book Compositional Modeling of Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery written by Julio Manik and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Analysis of Methane Producing Communities Within Underground Coal Beds by : Elliott Paul Barnhart
Download or read book Analysis of Methane Producing Communities Within Underground Coal Beds written by Elliott Paul Barnhart and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Powder River Basin in southeastern Montana and northeast Wyoming is the largest source of coal mined in the United States but most of the coal contained in the basin is buried too deeply to be economically accessible. These remote coal beds are dynamic zones where biogeochemical processes work to sustain a microbial ecosystem. Previous work has shown that a direct byproduct of these microbial processes is biogenic methane that can be harvested and utilized as an energy source. Methane is the principle component of natural gas and this can be used as an energy source for electricity generation, heat and transportation fuel producing only carbon dioxide and water when burned in the presence of oxygen. The only known organisms on the planet able to produce methane are classified as Archaea, microorganisms termed methanogens. However, little is known about the responsible methanogens, the conditions conducive to coal-associated methane production, nor the microbial community interactions that promote methane production. Advances in subsurface sampling and molecular techniques have provided a route to capture active microbial consortia from coal beds, but methods need to be refined in order to deal with the unique attributes of coal. Microorganisms involved in coal bed methane (CBM) formation were investigated by applying molecular methods in combination with cultivation techniques with and without nutrient supplementation to maximize methane production in batch, bench-scale incubations. Our research suggests that Clostridium species are involved with the breakdown of coal and Acetobacterium species are able to utilize substrates produced by the coal degradation. Coal and yeast extract each appear to contribute important nutrients that stimulate coal degrading communities. A better understanding of this microbial system and the biotic and abiotic parameters that control activity may permit microbially enhanced CBM production in situ to become an industrially sustainable process through the application of suitable methane stimulation strategies.
Book Synopsis Development of Coal-gas Production Simulators and Mathematical Models for Well-test Strategies by : F. C. Schwerer
Download or read book Development of Coal-gas Production Simulators and Mathematical Models for Well-test Strategies written by F. C. Schwerer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To further develop, refine, evaluate, and apply computer models that will be useful engineering tools for the prediction of methane production from coal seams and for analysis of coalbed methane well-test data.
Book Synopsis Perspective on Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Production and Other Evolving Natural Gas Resources by : Hugh D. Guthrie
Download or read book Perspective on Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Production and Other Evolving Natural Gas Resources written by Hugh D. Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Coal-gas Production Simulators and Mathematicla Models for Well-test Strategies by : Fred C. Schwerer
Download or read book Development of Coal-gas Production Simulators and Mathematicla Models for Well-test Strategies written by Fred C. Schwerer and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this contract is to further develop, refine, evaluate, and apply computer models that will be useful engineering tools for the prediction of methane production from coal seams and for analysis of coalbed methane well-test data. Research summary.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 1132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
