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Deterrence Choice And Crime Volume 23
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Book Synopsis Deterrence, Choice, and Crime, Volume 23 by : Daniel S. Nagin
Download or read book Deterrence, Choice, and Crime, Volume 23 written by Daniel S. Nagin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence, Choice, and Crime explores the various dimensions of modern deterrence theory, relevant research, and practical applications. Beginning with the classical roots of deterrence theory in Cesare Beccaria’s profoundly important contributions to modern criminological thought, the book draws out the many threads in contemporary criminology that are explicitly mentioned or at least hinted by Beccaria. These include sanction risk perceptions and their behavioral consequences, the deterrent efficacy of the certainty versus the severity of punishment, the role of celerity of punishment in the deterrence process, informal versus formal deterrence, and individual differences in deterrence. The richness of the volume is seen in the inclusion of chapters that focus on the theoretical development of deterrence across disciplines such as criminology and economics. In an innovative section, the role of agents of deterrence is considered. Lessons are learned from the practical applications of deterrence undertaken in the areas of policing, corrections, and the community. The closing section includes Michael Tonry’s "An Honest Politician’s Guide to Deterrence: Certainty, Severity, Celerity, and Parsimony," a reminder of Beccaria’s dictum that "it is better to prevent crimes than punish them." In the current environment, deterrence arguments are routinely used to justify policies that do just the opposite. Ray Paternoster, who contributed two chapters, passed away as this volume was being finalized. Fittingly, this book is dedicated to him and ends with Alex Piquero’s poignant remembrance of Ray, a path-breaking deterrence scholar, beloved mentor, and ardent supporter of social justice. Suitable for researchers and graduate students as well as for advanced courses in criminology, this book breaks new ground in theorizing the effects of punishment and other sanctions on crime control.
Book Synopsis Deterrence, Choice, and Crime, Volume 23 by : Daniel S. Nagin
Download or read book Deterrence, Choice, and Crime, Volume 23 written by Daniel S. Nagin and published by Advances in Criminological Theory. This book was released on 2018 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Part I. Theories of Deterrence -- 1. Classical Theory: The Emergence of Deterrence Theory in the Age of Enlightenment -- 2. The Economics of Deterrence: A Review of the Theory and Evidence -- 3. Perceptual Deterrence Theory -- 4. Criminological Theory and Deterrence -- Part II. Unpacking the Effects of Deterrence -- 5. Informal and Formal Sanctions -- 6. Deterrent Effects of the Certainty and Severity of Punishment -- 7. Celerity and Deterrence -- 8. Individual Difference and Deterrence -- Part III. Agents of Deterrence -- 9. Police Interventions -- 10. Place Management, Guardianship, and the Establishment of Order -- 11. Corrections and Deterrence -- 12. Community Members and Deterrence -- Part IV. Final Thoughts -- 13. An Honest Politician's Guide to Deterrence: Certainty, Severity, Celerity, and Parsimony -- 14. Remembering Ray Paternoster: Contributions to Deterrence, Criminology, and His Students -- Contributors -- Index
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Compliance by : Benjamin van Rooij
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Compliance written by Benjamin van Rooij and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-05-20 with total page 1559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compliance has become key to our contemporary markets, societies, and modes of governance across a variety of public and private domains. While this has stimulated a rich body of empirical and practical expertise on compliance, thus far, there has been no comprehensive understanding of what compliance is or how it influences various fields and sectors. The academic knowledge of compliance has remained siloed along different disciplinary domains, regulatory and legal spheres, and mechanisms and interventions. This handbook bridges these divides to provide the first one-stop overview of what compliance is, how we can best study it, and the core mechanisms that shape it. Written by leading experts, chapters offer perspectives from across law, regulatory studies, management science, criminology, economics, sociology, and psychology. This volume is the definitive and comprehensive account of compliance.
Book Synopsis Criminological Theory by : J. Robert Lilly
Download or read book Criminological Theory written by J. Robert Lilly and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2024-03-19 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a rich introduction to how scholars analyze crime, Criminological Theory: Context and Consequences moves readers beyond a commonsense knowledge of crime to a deeper understanding of the importance of theory in shaping crime control policies. The Eighth Edition of this clear, accessible, and thoroughly revised text covers traditional and contemporary theory within a larger sociological and historical context. The latest edition includes new sources that assess the empirical status of the major theories, a new chapter on Black Criminology, and expanded coverage of important perspectives, such as the explanation of white-collar crime and the relationship of immigration and crime.
Book Synopsis Legal Epidemiology by : Alexander C. Wagenaar
Download or read book Legal Epidemiology written by Alexander C. Wagenaar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-08-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore how the law shapes and influences public health In the newly revised second edition of Legal Epidemiology: Theory and Methods, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a thorough primer on the problems that arise in legal epidemiology—and potential solutions to those problems. Following an introduction to the basic concepts of the field in Part One, the book offers a rich collection of theories that researchers have used to study how law influences behavior in Part Two. The book also covers the special questions of measurement that arise when law is the independent variable and the various study designs for legal epidemiology. Drawing on the full range of social, psychological, sociological, and sociolegal disciplines to better understand, measure, and predict how much laws will influence health-relevant behaviors and environments, the editors have also included works that: Discuss the frameworks for legal epidemiology, including explorations of law in public health systems and services Examine how law influences behavior, including discussions of criminological theories, procedural justice theory, and economic theory Explore the design of legal epidemiology evaluations, including natural experiments, randomized trials, and qualitative research An essential and engaging resource for experienced social science researchers, health scientists, legal scholars, and policy analysts, Legal Epidemiology: Theory and Methods will also benefit students, novice scientists, and non-scientists seeking a general orientation to the subject.
Download or read book Unraveled written by Karim H. Vellani and published by Threat Analysis Group, LLC. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What cannot be measured, cannot be managed. Despite this axiom, few books in the security industry have tackled the need to truly understand crime. Unraveled: An Evidence-Based Approach to Understanding and Preventing Crime bridges the gap between criminological theories and the practical application of these theories in the real world. Unraveled is applicable to a broad audience of people responsible for making security decisions for one or hundreds of properties. Unraveled: An Evidence-Based Approach to Understanding and Preventing Crime provides a practical approach to understanding crime and the theories which support crime prevention and security measures. Using research, Unraveled guides security decision makers to a deeper understanding of the unique nature of crime at their properties, summarizes the theories which support crime prevention efforts, and how to objectively analyze security programs. Unraveled discusses crime data sources used in conducting crime analysis and explores ways to organize statistical data and the techniques used in crime analysis such as crime rate analysis, temporal analysis, threshold analysis and more. By explaining the significance of crime statistics relative to crime prevention theory and techniques, Unraveled provides readers with a clear, strategic plan to implement and evaluate crime prevention programs and optimize security programs. Unraveled: An Evidence-Based Approach to Understanding and Preventing Crime includes an extensive bibliography and 600+ endnotes citing evidence-based research on the following topics: Definition of Crime Analysis Units of Analysis Crime Hot Spots The importance of Place Law Enforcement Data Sources Calls for Service Offense / Incident Reports Uniform Crime Report (UCR) Law Enforcement Data Limitations Crime Typologies Victim-Offender Relationships Violence Escalation Crime Rates Temporal Analysis Spatial Analysis Crime Thresholds Forecasting Modus Operandi Analysis Crime Harm Index Environmental Criminology/Crime Science Problem Analysis Triangle (or new Crime Triangle) Opportunity Structure and Signatures Opportunity Theories Routine Activity Theory Rational Choice Theory Crime Pattern Theory Situational Crime Prevention Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Problem-Oriented Policing Displacement and Diffusion of Benefits Instrumental vs. Expressive Violence Targeted Violent Crimes Dispute-Related Violent Crimes Predatory Violence Limitations Of Violent Crime Prevention Research
Book Synopsis Criminal Justice Theory, Volume 26 by : Cecilia Chouhy
Download or read book Criminal Justice Theory, Volume 26 written by Cecilia Chouhy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-14 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminal Justice Theory: Explanations and Effects undertakes a systematic study of theories of the criminal justice system, which historically have received very little attention from scholars. This is a glaring omission given the risk of mass imprisonment, the increasing presence of police in inner-city communities, and the emergence of new policy initiatives aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of the administration of justice. Fortunately, however, a number of disparate theoretical works have appeared that seek to provide insight into the nature and impact of criminal justice. Based on 13 original essays by influential scholars, this volume pulls together the most significant of these perspectives, thus creating a state-of-the-art assessment of contemporary criminal justice theory. Criminal justice theory can be divided into two main categories. The first includes works that seek to explain the operation of the criminal justice system. Most of these contributions have grappled with the core reality of American criminal justice: its rising embrace of punitiveness and the growth of mass imprisonment. The second category focuses on works that identify theories that have often guided efforts to reduce crime. The issue here focuses mainly on the effects of certain theoretically guided criminal justice interventions. The current volume is thus organized into these two categories: explanations and effects. The result is an innovative and comprehensive book that not only serves researchers by advancing scholarship but also is appropriate for advanced undergraduate or graduate classroom use.
Book Synopsis The Handbook of White-Collar Crime by : Melissa L. Rorie
Download or read book The Handbook of White-Collar Crime written by Melissa L. Rorie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-13 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and state-of the-art overview from internationally-recognized experts on white-collar crime covering a broad range of topics from many perspectives Law enforcement professionals and criminal justice scholars have debated the most appropriate definition of “white-collar crime” ever since Edwin Sutherland first coined the phrase in his speech to the American Sociological Society in 1939. The conceptual ambiguity surrounding the term has challenged efforts to construct a body of science that meaningfully informs policy and theory. The Handbook of White-Collar Crime is a unique re-framing of traditional discussions that discusses common topics of white-collar crime—who the offenders are, who the victims are, how these crimes are punished, theoretical explanations—while exploring how the choice of one definition over another affects research and scholarship on the subject. Providing a one-volume overview of research on white-collar crime, this book presents diverse perspectives from an international team of both established and newer scholars that review theory, policy, and empirical work on a broad range of topics. Chapters explore the extent and cost of white-collar crimes, individual- as well as organizational- and macro-level theories of crime, law enforcement roles in prevention and intervention, crimes in Africa and South America, the influence of technology and globalization, and more. This important resource: Explores diverse implications for future theory, policy, and research on current and emerging issues in the field Clarifies distinct characteristics of specific types of offences within the general archetype of white-collar crime Includes chapters written by researchers from countries commonly underrepresented in the field Examines the real-world impact of ambiguous definitions of white-collar crime on prevention, investigation, and punishment Offers critical examination of how definitional decisions steer the direction of criminological scholarship Accessible to readers at the undergraduate level, yet equally relevant for experienced practitioners, academics, and researchers, The Handbook of White-Collar Crime is an innovative, substantial contribution to contemporary scholarship in the field.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Legal Decision-Making by : Monica K. Miller
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Legal Decision-Making written by Monica K. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2024-02-28 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting state-of-the-art research, this Handbook summarises emerging and establishing topics in the area of legal decision-making. Interdisciplinary in its approach, it covers decisions made within the criminal justice system, the trial process, and clinical settings. Chapters, written by accomplished academics and experts in the field, synthesize historical context, identify gaps in existing literature, propose future directions of study, and discuss policy limitations. It also includes 'perspectives from the field' essays written by professionals - a judge, an attorney, a police officer, a trial consultant, and a probation officer - to bridge the gap between academic research and its application to the real world. It is intended as a go-to resource for students and researchers who want to immerse themselves in a body of scientific research to understand its history and shape its future.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Moving Corrections and Sentencing Forward by : Pamela K. Lattimore
Download or read book Handbook on Moving Corrections and Sentencing Forward written by Pamela K. Lattimore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses major issues and research in corrections and sentencing with the goal of using previous research and findings as a platform for recommendations about future research, evaluation, and policy. The last several decades witnessed major policy changes in sentencing and corrections in the United States, as well as considerable research to identify the most effective strategies for addressing criminal behavior. These efforts included changes in sentencing that eliminated parole and imposed draconian sentences for violent and drug crimes. The federal government, followed by most states, implemented sentencing guidelines that greatly reduced the discretion of the courts to impose sentences. The results were a multifold increase in the numbers of individuals in jails and prisons and on community supervision—increases that have only recently crested. There were also efforts to engage prosecutors and the courts in diversion and oversight, including the development of prosecutorial diversion programs, as well as a variety of specialty courts. Penal reform has included efforts to understand the transitions from prison to the community, including federal-led efforts focused on reentry programming. Community corrections reforms have ranged from increased surveillance through drug testing, electronic monitoring, and in some cases, judicial oversight, to rehabilitative efforts driven by risk and needs assessment. More recently, the focus has included pretrial reform to reduce the number of people held in jail pending trial, efforts that have brought attention to the use of bail and its disproportionate impact on people of color and the poor. This collection of chapters from leading researchers addresses a wide array of the latest research in the field. A unique approach featuring responses to the original essays by active researchers spurs discussion and provides a foundation for developing directions for future research and policymaking.
Book Synopsis A Theory of Legal Punishment by : Matthew C. Altman
Download or read book A Theory of Legal Punishment written by Matthew C. Altman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues for a mixed theory of legal punishment that treats both crime reduction and retribution as important aims of the state. A central question in the philosophy of law is why the state’s punishment of its own citizens is justified. Traditionally, two theories of punishment have dominated the field: consequentialism and retributivism. According to consequentialism, punishment is justified when it maximizes positive outcomes. According to retributivism, criminals should be punished because they deserve it. This book recognizes the strength of both positions. According to the two-tiered model, the institution of punishment and statutory penalties, as set by the legislature, are justified based on their costs and benefits, in terms of deterrence and rehabilitation. The law exists to preserve the public order. Criminal courts, by contrast, determine who is punished and how much based on what offenders deserve. The courts express the community’s collective sense of resentment at being wronged. This book supports the two-tiered model by showing that it accords with our moral intuitions, commonly held (compatibilist) theories of freedom, and assumptions about how the extent of our knowledge affects our obligations. It engages classic and contemporary work in the philosophy of law and explains the theory’s advantages over competing approaches from retributivists and other mixed theorists. The book also defends consequentialism against a longstanding objection that the social sciences give us little guidance regarding which policies to adopt. Drawing on recent criminological research, the two-tiered model can help us to address some of our most pressing social issues, including the death penalty, drug policy, and mass incarceration. This book will be of interest to philosophers, legal scholars, policymakers, and social scientists, especially criminologists, economists, and political scientists.
Book Synopsis Time and Punishment by : Nicola Carr
Download or read book Time and Punishment written by Nicola Carr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a novel exploration of time and temporality in relation to punishment and criminal sanctioning. It goes beyond focussing on the prison to address punishment more broadly with contributions on punishment in the community (including after periods of imprisonment) and in areas of the criminal justice system which have typically received less attention such as prison transportation between prisons. The collection also includes a focus on temporality in criminal justice policy, and its potential impacts on speeding up justice, as well as the experiential nature of punishment. The book includes contributions from scholars in UK and Europe, with largely original research, and draws on the international literature. It hopes to encourage punishment scholars to consider how ideas from the sociology of time can inform their own research.
Book Synopsis Macrocriminology and Freedom by : John Braithwaite
Download or read book Macrocriminology and Freedom written by John Braithwaite and published by ANU Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can power over others be transformed to ‘power with’? It is possible to transform many institutions to build societies with less predation and more freedom. These stretch from families and institutions of gender to the United Nations. Some societies, times and places have crime rates a hundred times higher than others. Some police forces kill at a hundred times the rate of others. Some criminal corporations kill thousands more than others. Micro variables fail to explain these patterns. Prevention principles for that challenge are macrocriminological. Freedom is conceived in a republican way as non-domination. Tempering domination prevents crime; crime prevention reduces domination. Many believe a high crime rate is a price of freedom. Not Braithwaite. His principles of crime control are to build freedom, temper power, lift people from poverty and reduce all forms of domination. Freedom requires a more just normative order. It requires cascading of peace by social movements for non-violence and non-domination. Periods of war, domination and anomie cascade with long lags to elevated crime, violence, inter-generational self-violence and ecocide. Cybercrime today poses risks of anomic nuclear wars. Braithwaite’s proposals refine some of criminology’s central theories and sharpen their relevance to all varieties of freedom. They can be reduced to one sentence. Strengthen freedom to prevent crime, prevent crime to strengthen freedom. ‘A true magnum opus, Macrocriminology and Freedom is a thought provoking and generative book from one of criminology’s intellectual giants. John Braithwaite reaches far and wide across societies, time, and disciplines to advance no less than a theory of how to build a society that simultaneously reduces both domination and crime. His ambitious ideas on cascades of non-dominating collective efficacy and crime prevention, for example, and their connections to social movements and political freedom, go well beyond usual criminological discourse. Chock full of theoretical propositions and bold insights, this a book that will keep criminologists busy for years. Macrocriminology and Freedom should not just be read, but better yet, savoured.’ – Robert J. Sampson, Henry Ford II Professor of the Social Sciences, Harvard University ‘In this majestic theorisation of the relationship between crime and freedom John Braithwaite isolates the unique power of macrocriminology as a lens through which to comprehend and challenge many of the fundamental crises facing our planet. Very few scholars have the breadth and overview to succeed in a mission of this order … Braithwaite does. This extraordinary book is an object lesson for all who seek to understand and resist domination and the crimes of power that flow from it.’ – Penny Green, Professor of Law and Globalisation, Queen Mary University of London ‘For over 40 years, John Braithwaite has been a voice of wisdom, hope and humanity in criminology. This dazzling new book weaves together all the main themes of his influential work, reanimating many of the core concepts of the discipline, as well as incorporating interdisciplinary resources from south and north, east and west, to produce an elegant and ambitious explanatory and normative account of crime as freedom-threatening domination. Decentring criminal justice as the solution to crime, Braithwaite shows that, on a global scale, the aspiration to tackle crimes, ranging from interpersonal violence through corporate crimes to ecocide, lies in the development of freedom-enhancing, power-tempering institutions in the political, economic and social spheres.’ – Nicola Lacey, Professor of Law, Gender and Social Policy, London School of Economics ‘Macrocriminology and Freedom is a criminological epic, an expansive and erudite story that sweeps across history and contexts. The book is frightening in showing how cascading events can produce catastrophes from crime to environmental destruction. But in the end, its message is hopeful, identifying pathways—or “normative rivers”—for guiding freedom from domination and crime. Drawing on his distinguished career, John Braithwaite has bestowed an extraordinary gift—a book, like other masterpieces, that will yield special insights each time we take an excursion through its pages.’ – Francis T. Cullen, Distinguished Research Professor Emeritus, University of Cincinnati ‘In this engaging book John Braithwaite reinvigorates discussions about crime and its control. While advocating a macro approach, the book is punctuated not only with insights and data from smaller-scale studies conducted in a range of jurisdictions, but also with auto-biographical vignettes. The effect creates a deeply personal account of the perils of state, non-state and market violence and authoritarianism and the potential and indeed duty, of criminologists to work towards their reduction, by refocusing their efforts on explaining and tackling crime in its myriad of forms.’ – Mary Bosworth, Professor of Criminology, University of Oxford and Monash University ‘John Braithwaite has had a unique influence on criminology globally. In this encyclopaedic text he synthesises a wealth of criminological knowledge, particularly in the sphere of anomie theory, into broader debates about the nature of domination and freedom in contemporary society. He defends the relevance of criminological theory, while urging criminology to be activist rather than reactive and technocratic, counter-hegemonic rather than neutral. Not for the first time, John Braithwaite has challenged criminologists to construct theories that cut across micro and macro structures. This book will stir debate. It deserves a broad readership.’ – Harry Blagg, Professor of Criminology, University of Western Australia
Book Synopsis Deterrence and Crime Prevention by : David M. Kennedy
Download or read book Deterrence and Crime Prevention written by David M. Kennedy and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence is at the heart of the preventive aspiration of criminal justice. Deterrence, whether through preventive patrol by police officers or stiff prison sentences for violent offenders, is the principal mechanism through which the central feature of criminal justice, the exercise of state authority, works – it is hoped -- to diminish offending and enhance public safety. And however well we think deterrence works, it clearly often does not work nearly as well as we would like – and often at very great cost. Drawing on a wide range of scholarly literatures and real-world experience, Kennedy argues that we should reframe the ways in which we think about and produce deterrence. He argues that many of the ways in which we seek to deter crime in fact facilitate offending; that simple steps such as providing clear information to offenders could transform deterrence; that communities may be far more effective than legal authorities in deterring crime; that apparently minor sanctions can deter more effectively than draconian ones; that groups, rather than individual offenders, should often be the focus of deterrence; that existing legal tools can be used in unusual but greatly more effective ways; that even serious offenders can be reached through deliberate moral engagement; and that authorities, communities, and offenders – no matter how divided – share and can occupy hidden common ground. The result is a sophisticated but ultimately common-sense and profoundly hopeful case that we can and should use new deterrence strategies to address some of our most important crime problems. Drawing on and expanding on the lessons of groundbreaking real-world work like Boston’s Operation Ceasefire – credited with the "Boston Miracle" of the 1990s – "Deterrence and Crime Prevention" is required reading for scholars, law enforcement practitioners, and all with an interest in public safety and the health of communities.
Book Synopsis Urban Gun Violence by : Melvin Delgado
Download or read book Urban Gun Violence written by Melvin Delgado and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2021 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Gun violence is a national threat and no more so than in the nation's urban communities, particularly taking its toll on people of color. Urban violence focused self-help organizations are vehicles for the dead to speak to us, and let us not forget that they once lived among us. These voices get captured and amplified through these organizations - their family become our family. The headlines their deaths created are not allowed to get relegated to history and continue to live giving meaning to a profound social justice cause. This book honors those who have died and continuing to give voice to their lives and preventing others from joining this chorus. The theme that we must forgive ourselves before we can forgive the offender is strong and pervasive among those who are survivors and engaged in self-help initiatives"--
Download or read book Deterrence written by Thom Brooks and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deterrence is a theory which claims that punishment is justified through preventing future crimes, and is one of the oldest and most powerful theories about punishment. The argument that punishment ought to secure crime reduction occupies a central place in criminal justice policy and is the site for much debate. Should the state deter offenders through the threat of punishment? What available evidence is there about the effectiveness of deterrence? Is deterrence even possible? This volume brings together the leading work on deterrence from the dominant international figures in the field. Deterrence is examined from various critical perspectives, including its diversity, relation with desert, the relation of deterrence with incapacitation and prevention, the role deterrence has played in debates over the death penalty, and deterrence and corporate crime.
Book Synopsis Deterrence and the Death Penalty by : National Research Council
Download or read book Deterrence and the Death Penalty written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-26 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many studies during the past few decades have sought to determine whether the death penalty has any deterrent effect on homicide rates. Researchers have reached widely varying, even contradictory, conclusions. Some studies have concluded that the threat of capital punishment deters murders, saving large numbers of lives; other studies have concluded that executions actually increase homicides; still others, that executions have no effect on murder rates. Commentary among researchers, advocates, and policymakers on the scientific validity of the findings has sometimes been acrimonious. Against this backdrop, the National Research Council report Deterrence and the Death Penalty assesses whether the available evidence provides a scientific basis for answering questions of if and how the death penalty affects homicide rates. This new report from the Committee on Law and Justice concludes that research to date on the effect of capital punishment on homicide rates is not useful in determining whether the death penalty increases, decreases, or has no effect on these rates. The key question is whether capital punishment is less or more effective as a deterrent than alternative punishments, such as a life sentence without the possibility of parole. Yet none of the research that has been done accounted for the possible effect of noncapital punishments on homicide rates. The report recommends new avenues of research that may provide broader insight into any deterrent effects from both capital and noncapital punishments.
