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Author : Fred A. Meyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Determinants of Law-enforcement Policies written by Fred A. Meyer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael D. Makowsky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book To Serve and Collect written by Michael D. Makowsky and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We exploit local deficits and state-level differences in police revenue retention from civil asset forfeitures to estimate how incentives to raise revenue influence policing. In a national sample, we find that local fine and forfeiture revenue increases at a faster rate with drug arrests than arrests for violent crimes. Revenues also increase at a faster rate with black and Hispanic drug arrests than white drug arrests. Concomitant with higher rates of revenue generation, we find that black and Hispanic drug, DUI, and prostitution arrests, and associated property seizures, increase with local deficits when institutions allow officials to more easily retain revenues from forfeited property. White drug and DUI arrests are insensitive to these institutions. We do, however, observe comparable increases in white prostitution arrests. Our results show how revenue-driven law enforcement can distort police behavior.
Author : James Robert Brunet
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (549 download)
Download or read book Determinants of Drug Testing Policies in Law Enforcement Agencies written by James Robert Brunet and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Daniel Cruse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Determinants of Police Behavior written by Daniel Cruse and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determinants of Drug Testing Policies in Law Enforcement Agencies: Building and Testing a Theory of Public Sector Drug Testing written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug testing has become an increasingly important part of our social lives, especially in the workplace. This is particularly the case in the public sector where military personnel, police officers, transportation workers, and those seeking government employ routinely submit to government mandated drug screens. The genesis of large-scale drug testing of public workers is often traced back to President Reagan's 1986 call for a 'drug-free federal workplace' (Executive Order 12564). State and local governments, particularly law enforcement agencies, followed the federal example and rapidly implemented drug testing policies. A large majority of local law enforcement agencies (approximately 77 percent) now test all job applicants, up from 25 percent in 1990. The purpose of this investigation is to identify the historical, political, and legal preconditions that led to the widespread adoption of workplace drug testing in the public sector. This knowledge provides the theoretical platform for an empirical study of the factors that lead police departments to adopt different drug testing policies. For safety sensitive positions, courts have granted government employers wide discretion in selecting from a menu of employee drug testing strategies. Random and mandatory screening of current and prospective public safety workers is permissible as long as certain due process procedures are followed. With such a wide range of options available, what leads one agency to adopt a more rigorous approach such as universal testing while another agency abstains from testing workers altogether? An emerging literature that conceives of drug testing as a mechanism of social control provides the theoretical base for this inquiry. An analysis of a random sample of law enforcement agencies (n=1,988) finds evidence that social distance within police organizations (size of the sworn workforce, racial diversity), the social status of officers (starting salary), and the influence of third parties).
Author : James F. Albrecht
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030191826
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Policing and Minority Communities written by James F. Albrecht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-31 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful book examines the allegations against the professionalism, transparency, and integrity of law enforcement toward minority groups, from a global perspective. It addresses the challenges inherent in maintaining strong ties with members of the community, and draws attention to obstacles in ensuring public confidence and trust in rule of law institutions. Most importantly, the book provides insight into mechanisms and proposals for policy reform that would permit enhanced police-community partnership, collaboration and mutual respect. Acknowledging the consistency of this concern despite geographic location, ethnic diversity, and religious tolerance, this book considers controversial factors that have caused many groups and individuals to question their relationship with law enforcement. The book examines the context of police-community relations with contributed research from Nigeria, South Africa, Kosovo, Turkey, New Zealand, Mexico, Scandinavia and other North American and European viewpoints. It evaluates the roles that critical factors such as ethnicity, political instability, conflict, colonization, mental health, police practice, religion, critical criminology, socialism, and many other important aspects and concepts have played on perceptions of policing and rule of law. A valuable resource for law enforcement practitioners and researchers, policy makers, and students of criminal justice, Policing and Minority Communities: Contemporary Issues and Global Perspectives confronts crucial challenges and controversies in policing today with quantitative and qualitative research and practical policy recommendations.
Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781508604662
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Public Trust and Law Enforcement-A Brief Discussion for Policy Makers written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-09 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent events involving conflict between the police and citizens have generated interest in what role Congress could play in facilitating efforts to build trust between law enforcement and the people they serve while promoting effective crime reduction. This report provides a brief overview of police-community relations and how the federal government might be able to promote more accountability and better relationships between citizens and law enforcement. Gallup poll data show that, overall, Americans are confident in the police; but, confidence in the police varies according to race, place of residence, and other factors. In 2014, less than 50% of Americans favorably rated the honesty and ethics of police, the lowest percentage since 1998. If they conclude that low public ratings of the police are at least partially attributable to police policies, Congress may decide to address state and local law enforcement policies and practices they believe erode public trust in law enforcement. Federalism limits the amount of influence Congress can have over state and local law enforcement policy. Regardless, the federal government might choose to promote better law enforcement-community relations and accountability through (1) federal efforts to collect and disseminate data on the use of force by law enforcement, (2) statutes that allow the federal government to investigate instances of alleged police misconduct, and (3) the influence the Department of Justice (DOJ) has on state and local policing through its role as an enforcer, policy leader, convener, and funder of law enforcement.
Author : Egon Bittner
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Functions of the Police in Modern Society written by Egon Bittner and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : John A. Gardiner
Publisher : Cambridge : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Traffic and the Police written by John A. Gardiner and published by Cambridge : Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1969 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although laws governing moving-traffic violations are fairly uniform throughout the United States, the effective levels of enforcement of these laws vary dramatically from city to city. Basing this study on statistics from nearly seven hundred police departments, census data, personal interviews, on-the-spot observation, and detailed case studies of four Massachusetts cities--Lynn, Waltham, Malden, and Cambridge--Mr. Gardiner identifies and discusses the factors that determine police decisionmaking in relation to traffic violations. After a brief description of the role of various state and local agencies in settling traffic-enforcement policy, the author analyzes in depth the traffic activities of the four Massachusetts cities. He examines in particular the extent of public pressure in seeking modification of enforcement standards, intradepartmental practices, or "norms," and the role of traffic enforcement in the total spectrum of police activities. Following the case studies, the author discusses the variations among the traffic policies of municipal police departments, and questions the "public pressure" interpretation of police policies. Mr. Gardiner finds that, although citizens and city officials frequently seek to influence individual decisions, they seldom know how strict or lenient their department's general policies are, and seldom care. In addition, the author finds no significant connection between the severity of ticketing policies and such factors as income, race, or education, but does find some correlation with the geographical stability of a city's population. Finally, the author concludes that the chief source of departmental traffic policy is an internally established set of norms concerning the importance of traffic work and the frequency with which officers should write tickets. Evidence from cities that change their traffic policies indicates that individual preferences on the part of chiefs or ranking officers are the primary source of these norms. This book is an important contribution to the growing area in social sciences that deals with law enforcement and, more broadly, local political systems.
Author : Brandy A. Kennedy
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319539914
Total Pages : 131 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Race and Representative Bureaucracy in American Policing written by Brandy A. Kennedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines issues of race and policing through the lens of representative bureaucracy theory. According to representative bureaucracy theory, demographic correspondence between government employees and the local population can lead to more favorable outcomes for minority groups. It argues that police forces with higher minority composition will have more positive outcomes across measures such as fewer excessive force complaints and fewer fatal encounters with officers. Additionally, the book asserts that more representative forces will demonstrate responsiveness and accountability by implementing policies such as citizen review boards for excessive force complaints. It does this by first providing a brief overview of issues surrounding race and policing in America, documenting racial representation occurring in local police forces nationwide, and exploring the potential causes and consequences of underrepresentation. It concludes by discussing the implications of our findings and offer potential policy remedies and solutions that local law enforcements can pursue in order to reduce minority underrepresentation and improve policing outcomes.
Author : Jenny Flemming
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100385639X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Comparing Police Organizations written by Jenny Flemming and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Police citizen encounters do not occur in a vacuum. Police systems globally have similarities and/or differences which remain largely understudied and therefore underexplained. Comparative policing is a new frontier for policing research as it aims at integrating the institutional and/or macro determinants of police strategy and provides important insights into the context in which such strategies emerge. This volume shows how lessons and insights emerge from a comparative approach to policing research in various regions of the world. It demonstrates the explanatory power of cross-national studies, with a particular focus on politics, policies, and for what concerns the nature of police work and the legitimacy of policing. The book presents comparative studies from different geographical locations such as Latin and Central America, Africa, India, and Europe, and offers insights on: Police worker politics in India and Brazil Police, non-state security actors, and political legitimacy in central America Trust in the police and the militarization of law enforcement in Latin America The origins of police legitimacy in Europe How organizational contexts matter by analyzing police-adolescent encounters in France and Germany Legitimacy and cooperation with the police in two African states. Cross-state and cross-society research is desirable to increase our understanding of variations of the macro context in which police forces operate, what policing means for citizens and for police officers as professional workers. This insightful volume is a key resource for scholars and researchers of policing, criminology, sociology, and law. This book was originally published as the inaugural volume of Comparative Policing Review / Policing and Society.
Author : Tamara Rice Lave
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108420559
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Policing in the United States written by Tamara Rice Lave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-07-04 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection on police and policing, written by experts in political theory, sociology, criminology, economics, law, public health, and critical theory.
Author : Serkan Altuntop
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (53 download)
Download or read book The Determinants of the Recruitment Practices of Police Departments written by Serkan Altuntop and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recruitment and selection were always considered as one of the most critical functions of success and performance in both the private and the public sectors. In a rapidly changing environment and with the increased customer demands, it is not likely that a company or organization that ignores its environment and overlooks revising its policies including recruitment would survive or sustain efficiency. This study identifies the determinants involved in recruitment and selection practices in law enforcement agencies and their importance to the rapidly changing profession in the US. This study examines the logic behind recruitment practices and how they effect decisions in police departments. The moving point to research these arguments is analyzing the selection techniques used in police departments. Unlike other studies that focus on analyzing which selection method(s) is best in predicting how to recruit good police officer (for a compilation of such studies on law enforcement selection, a good resource is "Research in Law Enforcement Selection" by Michael G. Aamodt), this study tries to understand what factors affect using more or less selection tools assuming that using more diverse selection tools helps identify more aspects of an individual which in turn serves police departments better to have more qualified officers. The findings from this research suggest that police departments are aware of the importance of external forces and value organizational change and as such they adapt their structures including their recruitment policies to external demands. At the same time, some internal factors also seem to have a significant role in recruitment decisions.
Author : Robin S. Engel
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030170543
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Power to Arrest written by Robin S. Engel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-06 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful volume examines key research questions concerning police decision to arrest as well as police-led diversion. The authors critically evaluate the tentative answers that empirical evidence provides to those questions, and suggest areas for future inquiry. Nearly seven decades of empirical study have provided extensive knowledge regarding police use of arrest. However, this research highlights important gaps in our understanding of factors that shape police decision-making and what is required to alter current police practice. Reviewing this research base, this brief takes stock of what is known empirically about all aspects related to the use of arrests, providing important insights on the knowledge needed to make evidence-based policy decisions moving forward. With the potential to better impact policy and programs for alternatives to arrest, this brief will appeal to researchers and practitioners in evidence-based policing and police decision-making, as well as those interested in alternatives to arrest and related fields such as public policy.
Author : Hervey A. Juris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Impact of Police Unions written by Hervey A. Juris and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a summary report of a two-year study of police unions and their effect on policing and law enforcement. The growth of police unionism in the united states during the 1960's has been a phenomenon of major importance in police management. Police unions in twenty-two urban areas were the target of this field study, during which interviews were conducted with police chiefs or their representatives, city labor relations representatives, police union leaders, and black officer organization leaders. The study explains the influences resulting in the recent rise of militancy in police unions and describes the present nature of these organizations. The effect of the lack of a single employer-figure on the form and conduct of collecting bargaining is discussed, as well as the impact of unions on labor-management relations. The study examines the dimensions of police union bargaining power and the use labor leaders make of this power in varying situations. The relationship between unionization and professionalization is analyzed, as is the impact of police labor organizing on the chief's ability to manage and on the formulation of law enforcement policy. The nature of black officer organizations, and the factors which led to their formation, are compared with similar characteristics of police unions, and the divergence of purpose is examined in relation to intra-departmental racial unrest. Appended is a bibliography on police unions and labor organizations.
Author : Yung-Lien Lai
Publisher : LFB Scholarly Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781593325152
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (251 download)
Download or read book Policing Diversity written by Yung-Lien Lai and published by LFB Scholarly Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lai extends the current knowledge of public attitudes toward the police (ATP) by examining two distinct dimensions: general and specific attitudes. The significant findings indicated that African Americans consistently reported unfavorable ATP across two dimensions, but the Hispanics did not have any significant influence. While ratings of police work were highly related to public ATP, victimization and violent crime incidents decreased the levels of public rating among all respondents. Meanwhile, coproduction increased the levels of public ATP. Finally, both citizen-initiated and police-initiated interactions had significant influence on public ATP but varied among racial/ethnical groups. Policy implications and limitations were addressed.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309084334
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-04-06 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because police are the most visible face of government power for most citizens, they are expected to deal effectively with crime and disorder and to be impartial. Producing justice through the fair, and restrained use of their authority. The standards by which the public judges police success have become more exacting and challenging. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing explores police work in the new century. It replaces myths with research findings and provides recommendations for updated policy and practices to guide it. The book provides answers to the most basic questions: What do police do? It reviews how police work is organized, explores the expanding responsibilities of police, examines the increasing diversity among police employees, and discusses the complex interactions between officers and citizens. It also addresses such topics as community policing, use of force, racial profiling, and evaluates the success of common police techniques, such as focusing on crime "hot spots." It goes on to look at the issue of legitimacyâ€"how the public gets information about police work, and how police are viewed by different groups, and how police can gain community trust. Fairness and Effectiveness in Policing will be important to anyone concerned about police work: policy makers, administrators, educators, police supervisors and officers, journalists, and interested citizens.
