Wireless Technologies

Download Wireless Technologies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0849379970
Total Pages : 696 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (493 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wireless Technologies by : Krzysztof Iniewski

Download or read book Wireless Technologies written by Krzysztof Iniewski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced concepts for wireless technologies present a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible. From established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11 or Bluetooth to more emerging technologies, such as Ultra Wide Band and smart dust motes, a common denominator for future progress is the underlying integrated circuit technology. Wireless Technologies responds to the explosive growth of standard cellular radios and radically different wireless applications by presenting new architectural and circuit solutions engineers can use to solve modern design problems. This reference addresses state-of-the art CMOS design in the context of emerging wireless applications, including 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical application. Written by top international experts specializing in both the IC industry and academia, this carefully edited work uncovers new design opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. The book is divided into three sections: wireless system perspectives, chip architecture and implementation issues, and devices and technologies used to fabricate wireless integrated circuits. Contributors address key issues in the development of future silicon-based systems, such as scale of integration, ultra-low power dissipation, and the integration of heterogeneous circuit design style and processes onto one substrate. Wireless sensor network systems are now being applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. This reference, which contains 25 practical and scientifically rigorous articles, provides the knowledge communications engineers need to design innovative methodologies at the circuit and system level.

Millimeter-Wave Digitally Intensive Frequency Generation in CMOS

Download Millimeter-Wave Digitally Intensive Frequency Generation in CMOS PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128023619
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Millimeter-Wave Digitally Intensive Frequency Generation in CMOS by : Wanghua Wu

Download or read book Millimeter-Wave Digitally Intensive Frequency Generation in CMOS written by Wanghua Wu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the digitally intensive time-domain architectures and techniques applied to millimeter-wave frequency synthesis, with the objective of improving performance and reducing the cost of implementation. Coverage includes system architecture, system level modeling, critical building block design, and digital calibration techniques, making it highly suitable for those who want to learn about mm-wave frequency generation for communication and radar applications, integrated circuit implementation, and time-domain circuit and system techniques. - Highlights the challenges of frequency synthesis at mm-wave band using CMOS technology - Compares the various approaches for mm-wave frequency generation (pros and cons) - Introduces the digitally intensive synthesizer approach and its advantages - Discusses the proper partitioning of the digitally intensive mm-wave frequency synthesizer into mm-wave, RF, analog, digital and software components - Provides detailed design techniques from system level to circuit level - Addresses system modeling, simulation techniques, design-for-test, and layout issues - Demonstrates the use of time-domain techniques for high-performance mm-wave frequency synthesis

60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops

Download 60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048192803
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis 60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops by : Hammad M. Cheema

Download or read book 60-GHz CMOS Phase-Locked Loops written by Hammad M. Cheema and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract This chapter lays the foundation for the work presented in latter chapters. The potential of 60 GHz frequency bands for high data rate wireless transfer is discussed and promising applications are enlisted. Furthermore, the challenges related to 60 GHz IC design are presented and the chapter concludes with an outline of the book. Keywords Wireless communication 60 GHz Millimeter wave integrated circuit design Phase-locked loop CMOS Communication technology has revolutionized our way of living over the last century. Since Marconi’s transatlantic wireless experiment in 1901, there has been tremendous growth in wireless communication evolving from spark-gap telegraphy to today’s mobile phones equipped with Internet access and multimedia capabilities. The omnipresence of wireless communication can be observed in widespread use of cellular telephony, short-range communication through wireless local area networks and personal area networks, wireless sensors and many others. The frequency spectrum from 1 to 6 GHz accommodates the vast majority of current wireless standards and applications. Coupled with the availability of low cost radio frequency (RF) components and mature integrated circuit (IC) techn- ogies, rapid expansion and implementation of these systems is witnessed. The downside of this expansion is the resulting scarcity of available bandwidth and allowable transmit powers. In addition, stringent limitations on spectrum and energy emissions have been enforced by regulatory bodies to avoid interference between different wireless systems.

Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops

Download Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108494544
Total Pages : 509 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops by : Behzad Razavi

Download or read book Design of CMOS Phase-Locked Loops written by Behzad Razavi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-30 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This modern, pedagogic textbook from leading author Behzad Razavi provides a comprehensive and rigorous introduction to CMOS PLL design, featuring intuitive presentation of theoretical concepts, extensive circuit simulations, over 200 worked examples, and 250 end-of-chapter problems. The perfect text for senior undergraduate and graduate students.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Download Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 892 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 892 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Pll Performance, Simulation and Design

Download Pll Performance, Simulation and Design PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Dog Ear Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1598581341
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (985 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pll Performance, Simulation and Design by : Dean Banerjee

Download or read book Pll Performance, Simulation and Design written by Dean Banerjee and published by Dog Ear Publishing. This book was released on 2006-08 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for the reader who wishes to gain a solid understanding of Phase Locked Loop architectures and their applications. It provides a unique balance between both theoretical perspectives and practical design trade-offs. Engineers faced with real world design problems will find this book to be a valuable reference providing example implementations, the underlying equations that describe synthesizer behavior, and measured results that will improve confidence that the equations are a reliable predictor of system behavior. New material in the Fourth Edition includes partially integrated loop filter implementations, voltage controlled oscillators, and modulation using the PLL.

Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers

Download Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402069995
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers by : Ivan Chee-Hong Lai

Download or read book Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers written by Ivan Chee-Hong Lai and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-25 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers describes in detail some of the interesting developments in CMOS millimetre-wave circuit design. This includes the re-emergence of the slow-wave technique used on passive devices, the license-free 60GHz band circuit blocks and a 76GHz voltage-controlled oscillator suitable for vehicular radar applications. All circuit solutions described are suitable for digital CMOS technology. Digital CMOS technology developments driven by Moore’s law make it an inevitable solution for low cost and high volume products in the marketplace. Explosion of the consumer wireless applications further makes this subject a hot topic of the day. The book begins with a brief history of millimetre-wave research and how the silicon transistor is born. Originally meant for different purposes, the two technologies converged and found its way into advanced chip designs. The second part of the book describes the most important passive devices used in millimetre-wave CMOS circuits. Part three uses these passive devices and builds circuit blocks for the wireless transceiver. The book completes with a comprehensive list of references for further readings. Design and Modeling of Millimeter-wave CMOS Circuits for Wireless Transceivers is useful to show the analogue IC designer the issues involved in making the leap to millimetre-wave circuit designs. The graduate student and researcher can also use it as a starting point to understand the subject or proceed to innovative from the works described herein.

Millimeter-Wave Circuits for 5G and Radar

Download Millimeter-Wave Circuits for 5G and Radar PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108757510
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Millimeter-Wave Circuits for 5G and Radar by : Gernot Hueber

Download or read book Millimeter-Wave Circuits for 5G and Radar written by Gernot Hueber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-20 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the concepts, architectures, components, tools, and techniques needed to design millimeter-wave circuits for current and emerging wireless system applications. Focusing on applications in 5G, connectivity, radar, and more, leading experts in radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC) design provide a comprehensive treatment of cutting-edge physical-layer technologies for radio frequency (RF) transceivers - specifically RF, analog, mixed-signal, and digital circuits and architectures. The full design chain is covered, from system design requirements through to building blocks, transceivers, and process technology. Gain insight into the key novelties of 5G through authoritative chapters on massive MIMO and phased arrays, and learn about the very latest technology developments, such as FinFET logic process technology for RF and millimeter-wave applications. This is an essential reading and an excellent reference for high-frequency circuit designers in both academia and industry.

Wireless Transceiver Circuits

Download Wireless Transceiver Circuits PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148223436X
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Wireless Transceiver Circuits by : Woogeun Rhee

Download or read book Wireless Transceiver Circuits written by Woogeun Rhee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern transceiver systems require diversified design aspects as various radio and sensor applications have emerged. Choosing the right architecture and understanding interference and linearity issues are important for multi-standard cellular transceivers and software-defined radios. A millimeter-wave complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) transceiver design for multi-Gb/s data transmission is another challenging area. Energy-efficient short-range radios for body area networks and sensor networks have recently received great attention. To meet different design requirements, gaining good system perspectives is important. Wireless Transceiver Circuits: System Perspectives and Design Aspects offers an in-depth look at integrated circuit (IC) design for modern transceiver circuits and wireless systems. Ranging in scope from system perspectives to practical circuit design for emerging wireless applications, this cutting-edge book: Provides system design considerations in modern transceiver design Covers both systems and circuits for the millimeter-wave transceiver design Introduces four energy-efficient short-range radios for biomedical and wireless connectivity applications Emphasizes key building blocks in modern transceivers and transmitters, including frequency synthesizers and digital-intensive phase modulators Featuring contributions from renowned international experts in industry and academia, Wireless Transceiver Circuits: System Perspectives and Design Aspects makes an ideal reference for engineers and researchers in the area of wireless systems and circuits.

High-speed Integrated Circuit Technology

Download High-speed Integrated Circuit Technology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9789812810014
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis High-speed Integrated Circuit Technology by : Mark J. W. Rodwell

Download or read book High-speed Integrated Circuit Technology written by Mark J. W. Rodwell and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the state of the art of very high speed digital integrated circuits. Commercial applications are in fiber optic transmission systems operating at 10, 40, and 100 Gb/s, while the military application is ADCs and DACs for microwave radar. The book contains detailed descriptions of the design, fabrication, and performance of wideband Si/SiGe-, GaAs-, and InP-based bipolar transistors. The analysis, design, and performance of high speed CMOS, silicon bipolar, and III-V digital ICs are presented in detail, with emphasis on application in optical fiber transmission and mixed signal ICs. The underlying physics and circuit design of rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) superconducting logic circuits are reviewed, and there is extensive coverage of recent integrated circuit results in this technology. Contents: Preface (M J W Rodwell); High-Speed and High-Data-Bandwidth Transmitter and Receiver for Multi-Channel Serial Data Communication with CMOS Technology (M Fukaishi et al.); High-Performance Si and SiGe Bipolar Technologies and Circuits (M Wurzer et al.); Self-Aligned Si BJT/SiGe HBT Technology and Its Application to High-Speed Circuits (K Washio); Small-Scale InGaP/GaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors for High-Speed and Low-Power Integrated-Circuit Applications (T Oka et al.); Prospects of InP-Based IC Technologies for 100-Gbit/S-Class Lightwave Communications Systems (T Enoki et al.); Scaling of InGaAs/InAlAs HBTs for High Speed Mixed-Signal and mm-Wave ICs (M J W Rodwell); Progress Toward 100 GHz Logic in InP HBT IC Technology (C H Fields et al.); Cantilevered Base InP DHBT for High Speed Digital Applications (A L Gutierrez-Aitken et al.); RSFQ Technology: Physics and Devices (P Bunyk et al.); RSFQ Technology: Circuits and Systems (D K Brock). Readership: Researchers, industrialists and academics in electrical and electronic engineering.

Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems

Download Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118406354
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems by : Apostolos Georgiadis

Download or read book Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems written by Apostolos Georgiadis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications provides a wide spectrum of current trends in the design of microwave and millimeter circuits and systems. In addition, the book identifies the state-of-the art challenges in microwave and millimeter wave circuits systems design such as behavioral modeling of circuit components, software radio and digitally enhanced front-ends, new and promising technologies such as substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) and wearable electronic systems, and emerging applications such as tracking of moving targets using ultra-wideband radar, and new generation satellite navigation systems. Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate. Key Features: Discusses modeling and design strategies for new appealing applications in the domain of microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems Written by experts active in the Microwave and Millimeter Wave frequency range (industry and academia) Addresses modeling/design/applications both from the circuit as from the system perspective Covers the latest innovations in the respective fields Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate This book serves as an excellent reference for engineers, researchers, research project managers and engineers working in R&D, professors, and post-graduates studying related courses. It will also be of interest to professionals working in product development and PhD students.

The RF and Microwave Handbook

Download The RF and Microwave Handbook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420036769
Total Pages : 1377 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The RF and Microwave Handbook by : Mike Golio

Download or read book The RF and Microwave Handbook written by Mike Golio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-20 with total page 1377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent shift in focus from defense and government work to commercial wireless efforts has caused the job of the typical microwave engineer to change dramatically. The modern microwave and RF engineer is expected to know customer expectations, market trends, manufacturing technologies, and factory models to a degree that is unprecedented in the

NASA Scientific and Technical Reports

Download NASA Scientific and Technical Reports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 2300 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis NASA Scientific and Technical Reports by : United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division

Download or read book NASA Scientific and Technical Reports written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Scientific and Technical Information Division and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 2300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set

Download The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420049755
Total Pages : 3672 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set by : Richard C. Dorf

Download or read book The Electrical Engineering Handbook - Six Volume Set written by Richard C. Dorf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 3672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has grown into a set of six books carefully focused on specialized areas or fields of study. Each one represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in its respective domain, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Combined, they constitute the most comprehensive, authoritative resource available. Circuits, Signals, and Speech and Image Processing presents all of the basic information related to electric circuits and components, analysis of circuits, the use of the Laplace transform, as well as signal, speech, and image processing using filters and algorithms. It also examines emerging areas such as text to speech synthesis, real-time processing, and embedded signal processing. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Sensors, Nanoscience, Biomedical Engineering, and Instruments provides thorough coverage of sensors, materials and nanoscience, instruments and measurements, and biomedical systems and devices, including all of the basic information required to thoroughly understand each area. It explores the emerging fields of sensors, nanotechnologies, and biological effects. Broadcasting and Optical Communication Technology explores communications, information theory, and devices, covering all of the basic information needed for a thorough understanding of these areas. It also examines the emerging areas of adaptive estimation and optical communication. Computers, Software Engineering, and Digital Devices examines digital and logical devices, displays, testing, software, and computers, presenting the fundamental concepts needed to ensure a thorough understanding of each field. It treats the emerging fields of programmable logic, hardware description languages, and parallel computing in detail. Systems, Controls, Embedded Systems, Energy, and Machines explores in detail the fields of energy devices, machines, and systems as well as control systems. It provides all of the fundamental concepts needed for thorough, in-depth understanding of each area and devotes special attention to the emerging area of embedded systems. Encompassing the work of the world's foremost experts in their respective specialties, The Electrical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition remains the most convenient, reliable source of information available. This edition features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material on nanotechnologies, fuel cells, embedded systems, and biometrics. The engineering community has relied on the Handbook for more than twelve years, and it will continue to be a platform to launch the next wave of advancements. The Handbook's latest incarnation features a protective slipcase, which helps you stay organized without overwhelming your bookshelf. It is an attractive addition to any collection, and will help keep each volume of the Handbook as fresh as your latest research.

Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar

Download Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351838040
Total Pages : 1239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar by : Richard C. Dorf

Download or read book Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar written by Richard C. Dorf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 1239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has expanded into a set of six books carefully focused on a specialized area or field of study. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in these areas, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Articles include defining terms, references, and sources of further information. Encompassing the work of the world’s foremost experts in their respective specialties, Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material in emerging areas.

U.S. Government Research Reports

Download U.S. Government Research Reports PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis U.S. Government Research Reports by :

Download or read book U.S. Government Research Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition

Download Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464920583
Total Pages : 8760 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (649 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition by :

Download or read book Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 8760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nanotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nanotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.