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Download or read book Density Profiles in Sputtered Molybdenum Thin Films and Their Effects on Sodium Diffusion in Cu(InxGa1-x)Se2 Photovoltaics :. written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeffrey Lee Alleman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (391 download)
Download or read book Molybdenum Thin Films written by Jeffrey Lee Alleman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Talivaldis Spalvins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Deposition of Sputtered Molybdenum Disulfide Films and Friction Characteristics of Such Films in Vacuum written by Talivaldis Spalvins and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Majid Khan
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659176630
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (766 download)
Download or read book Deposition & Characterization of Molybdenum Thin Films: written by Majid Khan and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to prepare Molybdenum thin films to be used as efficient back contact materials and utilize characterization techniques for the investigation of the growth as well the physical properties of Mo thin films deposited through DC-plasma magnetron sputtering on soda lime glass substrate. The effects of process parameters, such as Ar pressure, deposition power and substrate temperature, on the properties of the deposited films have been studied. These process parameters were optimized to get high conductivity Mo thin films to be used in CIGS based thin films solar cells as a back contact.
Author : Scott Sheppard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book The Effect of Deposition Pressure on Stress in Sputtered Molybdenum Thin Films written by Scott Sheppard and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that deposition parameters such as pressure, geometry, and deposition device affect the state of stress in a thin film (Thornton and Hoffman). We decided to find the stress vs. deposition pressure curve for a sputtered metal thin film. All other deposition variables remained the same for each film deposited. We looked at measuring the stress incurred in the thin film by x-ray diffraction and geometrical techniques. Measuring this stress dependence on pressure for sputtered thin films has been done for many metals already. It has been found that at low sputter pressures the stress tends to be compressive. As the sputter pressure is increased the stress gradually approaches the critical pressure. i.e, the pressure at which the thin film has zero stress. The stress then becomes tensile as the pressure is increased beyond the critical pressure. The tensile stress will peak at a certain pressure and eventually level off at a low tensile stress as the pressure is increased further. We are attempting to find this curve for a metal this hasn't been done for yet. A new technique for measuring the stress by geometrical optics is also being tested by comparing the results to x-ray stress measurements.
Author : Charles Bishop
Publisher : William Andrew
ISBN 13 : 0323296904
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (232 download)
Download or read book Vacuum Deposition onto Webs, Films and Foils written by Charles Bishop and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vacuum Deposition onto Webs: Films and Foils, Third Edition, provides the latest information on vacuum deposition, the technology that applies an even coating to a flexible material that can be held on a roll, thereby offering a much faster and cheaper method of bulk coating than deposition onto single pieces or non-flexible surfaces such as glass. This technology has been used in industrial-scale applications for some time, including a wide range of metalized packaging. Its potential as a high-speed, scalable process has seen an increasing range of new products emerging that employ this cost-effective technology, including solar energy products that are moving from rigid panels onto cheaper and more versatile flexible substrates, flexible electronic circuit ‘boards’, and flexible displays. In this third edition, all chapters are thoroughly revised with a significant amount of new information added, including newly developed barrier measurement techniques, improved in-vacuum monitoring technologies, and the latest developments in Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Provides the know-how to maximize productivity of vacuum coating systems Thoroughly revised with a significant amount of new information added, including newly developed barrier measurement techniques, improved in-vacuum monitoring technologies, and the latest on Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Presents the latest information on vacuum deposition, the technology that applies an even coating to a flexible material that can be held on a roll, thereby offering a much faster and cheaper method of bulk coating Enables engineers to specify systems more effectively and enhances dialogue between non-specialists and suppliers/engineers Empowers those in rapidly expanding fields such as solar energy, display panels, and flexible electronics to unlock the potential of vacuum coating to transform their processes and products
Author : IEEE Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781479979455
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (794 download)
Download or read book 2015 IEEE 42nd Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC) written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2015-06-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: scientific and engineering technical conference covering all aspects of photovoltaics materials, devices, systems and reliability
Author : Arvind Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Author : IEEE Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781509027255
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)
Download or read book 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC) written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: scientific and engineering technical conference covering all aspects of photovoltaics materials, devices, systems and reliability
Author : United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Research Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Research and Technology Transfer Activities written by United States. Bureau of Reclamation. Research Office and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Antonio Luque
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470721693
Total Pages : 1172 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering written by Antonio Luque and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-01-31 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive, authoritative and widely cited reference on photovoltaic solar energy Fully revised and updated, the Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Second Edition incorporates the substantial technological advances and research developments in photovoltaics since its previous release. All topics relating to the photovoltaic (PV) industry are discussed with contributions by distinguished international experts in the field. Significant new coverage includes: three completely new chapters and six chapters with new authors device structures, processing, and manufacturing options for the three major thin film PV technologies high performance approaches for multijunction, concentrator, and space applications new types of organic polymer and dye-sensitized solar cells economic analysis of various policy options to stimulate PV growth including effect of public and private investment Detailed treatment covers: scientific basis of the photovoltaic effect and solar cell operation the production of solar silicon and of silicon-based solar cells and modules how choice of semiconductor materials and their production influence costs and performance making measurements on solar cells and modules and how to relate results under standardised test conditions to real outdoor performance photovoltaic system installation and operation of components such as inverters and batteries. architectural applications of building-integrated PV Each chapter is structured to be partially accessible to beginners while providing detailed information of the physics and technology for experts. Encompassing a review of past work and the fundamentals in solar electric science, this is a leading reference and invaluable resource for all practitioners, consultants, researchers and students in the PV industry.
Author : Hans J. Scheel
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470491108
Total Pages : 695 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (74 download)
Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Hans J. Scheel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-07-31 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with the technologies of crystal fabrication, of crystal machining, and of epilayer production and is the first book on industrial and scientific aspects of crystal and layer production. The major industrial crystals are treated: Si, GaAs, GaP, InP, CdTe, sapphire, oxide and halide scintillator crystals, crystals for optical, piezoelectric and microwave applications and more. Contains 29 contributions from leading crystal technologists covering the following topics: * General aspects of crystal growth technology * Silicon * Compound semiconductors * Oxides and halides * Crystal machining * Epitaxy and layer deposition Scientific and technological problems of production and machining of industrial crystals are discussed by top experts, most of them from the major growth industries and crystal growth centers. In addition, it will be useful for the users of crystals, for teachers and graduate students in materials sciences, in electronic and other functional materials, chemical and metallurgical engineering, micro-and optoelectronics including nanotechnology, mechanical engineering and precision-machining, microtechnology, and in solid-state sciences.
Author : Michael Kneissl
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319241001
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)
Download or read book III-Nitride Ultraviolet Emitters written by Michael Kneissl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in group III-nitride based ultraviolet LED and laser technologies, covering different substrate approaches, a review of optical, electronic and structural properties of InAlGaN materials as well as various optoelectronic components. In addition, the book gives an overview of a number of key application areas for UV emitters and detectors, including water purification, phototherapy, sensing, and UV curing. The book is written for researchers and graduate level students in the area of semiconductor materials, optoelectronics and devices as well as developers and engineers in the various application fields of UV emitters and detectors.
Author : Subba Ramaiah Kodigala
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080920322
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)
Download or read book Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Subba Ramaiah Kodigala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-01-03 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 Based Thin Film Solar Cells provides valuable contents about the fabrication and characterization of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)Se2 based thin film solar cells and modules. The growth of chalcopyrite Cu(In1-xGax)(S1-ySey)2 absorbers, buffers, window layers, antireflection coatings, and finally metallic grids, which are the sole components of solar cells, is clearly illustrated. The absorber, which contains multiple elements, segregates secondary phases if the growth conditions are not well optimized i.e., the main drawback in the fabrication of solar cells. More importantly the solutions for the growth of thin films are given in detail. The properties of all the individual layers and single crystals including solar cells analyzed by different characterization techniques such as SEM, AFM, XPS, AES, TEM, XRD, optical, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopy are explicitly demonstrated. The electrical analyses such as conductivities, Hall mobilities, deep level transient spectroscopy measurements etc., provide a broad picture to understand thin films or single crystals and their solar cells. The book clearly explains the working principle of energy conversion from solar to electrical with basic sciences for the chalcopyrite based thin film solar cells. Also, it demonstrates important criteria on how to enhance efficiency of the solar cells and modules. The effect of environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, aging etc., on the devices is mentioned by citing several examples. Illustrates a number of growth techniques to prepare thin film layers for solar cells Discusses characterization techniques such as XRD, TEM, XPS, AFM, SEM, PL, CL, Optical measurements, and Electrical measurements Includes I-V, C-V measurements illustrations Provides analysis of solar cell efficiency Presents current trends in thin film solar cells research and marketing
Author : Kentaro Ito
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118437853
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)
Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-12-11 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Wind Power Today written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Zhebo Chen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461482984
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting written by Zhebo Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-28 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines many of the techniques involved in materials development and characterization for photoelectrochemical (PEC) – for example, proper metrics for describing material performance, how to assemble testing cells and prepare materials for assessment of their properties, and how to perform the experimental measurements needed to achieve reliable results towards better scientific understanding. For each technique, proper procedure, benefits, limitations, and data interpretation are discussed. Consolidating this information in a short, accessible, and easy to read reference guide will allow researchers to more rapidly immerse themselves into PEC research and also better compare their results against those of other researchers to better advance materials development. This book serves as a “how-to” guide for researchers engaged in or interested in engaging in the field of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. PEC water splitting is a rapidly growing field of research in which the goal is to develop materials which can absorb the energy from sunlight to drive electrochemical hydrogen production from the splitting of water. The substantial complexity in the scientific understanding and experimental protocols needed to sufficiently pursue accurate and reliable materials development means that a large need exists to consolidate and standardize the most common methods utilized by researchers in this field.
