Denmark Greenland In The Twentieth Century

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Denmark-Greenland in the Twentieth Century

Author : Axel Kjær Sørensen
Publisher : Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN 13 : 9788763512763
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Denmark-Greenland in the Twentieth Century by : Axel Kjær Sørensen

Download or read book Denmark-Greenland in the Twentieth Century written by Axel Kjær Sørensen and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2007-11-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book traces Danish-Greenlandic relations in the period 1900-2000. The main trend is the development from a colonial situation in 1900 with a state owned company runnig nearly all business to an open economy with steadily growing self-government for Greenland short of full independence. The Danish policy can be described as benevolent, but financially the budget was tight until after the second World War, the philosophy being that Denmark should neither lose nor gain. After the war there was heavy investment to bring Greenland nearer to standards of living comparable to Denmark and substantial subsidies were given make that happen. The Greenlanders attitude towards Denmark developed along lines familiar from other examples of decolonisation. The first phase of accepting the coloniser was long over, now seeking equality with the coloniser was the main aim in their endeavours. From 1911 two provincial councils woiced speaking the Greenlanders views and their political influence steadily grew. In 1953 Greenland got representation in the Danish parliament. The third phase of doing without the coloniser began in the early 1970s when Greenlanders sought home rule status, obtained in 1979. In the following twenty years the Home Rule Authority gradually took over nearly all lawmaking and administration and from 2004 a committee has explored ways of giving Greenland a more independent voice in foreign affairs. In 2003 the ultimate goal was declared to be full independence.

Colonialism in Greenland

Author : Søren Rud
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319461583
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Colonialism in Greenland by : Søren Rud

Download or read book Colonialism in Greenland written by Søren Rud and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the Danish authorities governed the colonized population in Greenland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Two competing narratives of colonialism dominate in Greenland as well as Denmark. One narrative portrays the Danish colonial project as ruthless and brutal extraction of a vulnerable indigenousness people; the other narrative emphasizes almost exclusively the benevolent aspects of Danish rule in Greenland. Rather than siding with one of these narratives, this book investigates actual practices of colonial governance in Greenland with an outlook to the extensive international scholarship on colonialism and post-colonialism. The chapters address the intimate connections between the establishment of an ethnographic discourse and the colonial techniques of governance in Greenland. Thereby the book provides important nuances to the understanding of the historical relationship between Denmark and Greenland and links this historical trajectory to the present negotiations of Greenlandic identity.

A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century

Author : Bo Lidegaard
Publisher : Gyldendal A/S
ISBN 13 : 8702166313
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century by : Bo Lidegaard

Download or read book A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century written by Bo Lidegaard and published by Gyldendal A/S. This book was released on 2014-06-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Short History of Denmark in the 20th Century is a personal introduction to the making of modern Denmark. Written by of one of the country’s most esteemed historians, the book explains the inner workings and international relations of one the most successful modern societies. The narrative is connecting Danish culture from the mid 19th century to the economy, to the construction of the modern welfare society, and to the complex relation between the small Scandinavian kingdom and her neighbors on the European continent and beyond. Bo Lidegaard’s book is written for non-Danes taking an interest in Denmark. But since its first English language edition, it has been translated into Danish to become a renowned national bestseller setting out for contemporary Danes a vision of their own recent past. Before taking up his present position as the editor-in-chief of the leading Danish daily, Politiken, Dr. Lidegaard served as the top foreign policy advisor in the Office of the Danish Prime Minister. He is the author of a number of acclaimed volumes on modern Danish history. His most recent book, Countrymen, on the rescue of the Danish Jews in October 1943, was published by Knopf, New York, in 2013.

Northwest Greenland

Author : Richard Vaughan
Publisher : Orono, Me., U.S.A. : University of Maine Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Northwest Greenland by : Richard Vaughan

Download or read book Northwest Greenland written by Richard Vaughan and published by Orono, Me., U.S.A. : University of Maine Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In Northwest Greenland, Richard Vaughan narrates for the first time the little-known history of Avanersuaq, "the place in the farthest north." This small strip on the northwestern coast of Greenland has supported the most northerly human settlement on the globe, and remains one of the last frontiers on earth. Its geography - an arid, desolate sheet of ice on one side, and the sea on the other - has isolated the land and its few inhabitants from the pressures for change experienced in other parts of the world." "In the nineteenth century, explorers were not looking for Avanersuaq: they were en route to other goals - whale hunts off the Canadian coast, the search for the Northwest Passage, or for the missing explorer John Franklin. It is not until Robert Peary's appearance in 1891 that Northwest Greenland becomes a focal point for exploration, anthropological study, and the development of the region's resources." "Vaughan discusses all these topics, and provides information on the quest for Cape York meteorites in the late 1800s, scientific interest in the local Eskimos - the Inuhuit, as they call themselves - and Peary's expeditions across the Inland Ice sheet." "Cultural histories usually give only cursory attention to the environment, but Vaughan integrates the people and their habitat as inextricably as they are linked in nature. Early explorers found in Avanersuaq a strange mixture of ice, desert and rock, with surprising pockets of vegetation, and wildlife that ranged from the narwhal and polar bear to the small dovekie, or little auk. The Inuhuit, they found, used their scarce resources wisely, with a lifestyle that centered on nomadic hunting." "Vaughan takes a careful look at the changes exploration and settlement brought to Avanersuaq and its people, from the prehistoric, subsistence lifestyle of the Inuhuit, to the Danish colonization of northern Greenland in the twentieth century. The construction of Thule Air Base in the 1950s is also given prominent attention. Indeed, Americans bulk large in these pages, which describe the expeditions of Elisha Kent Kane, Isaac Hayes, and Charles F. Hall, as well as Peary's."--BOOK JACKET.Title Summary field provided by Blackwell North America, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Danish Reactions to German Occupation

Author : Carsten Holbraad
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1911307495
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Danish Reactions to German Occupation by : Carsten Holbraad

Download or read book Danish Reactions to German Occupation written by Carsten Holbraad and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For five years during World War II, Denmark was occupied by Germany. While the Danish reaction to this period of its history has been extensively discussed in Danish-language publications, it has not until now received a thorough treatment in English. Set in the context of modern Danish foreign relations, and tracing the country’s responses to successive crises and wars in the region, Danish Reactions to German Occupation brings a full overview of the occupation to an English-speaking audience. Holbraad carefully dissects the motivations and ideologies driving conduct during the occupation, and his authoritative coverage of the preceding century provides a crucial link to understanding the forces behind Danish foreign policy divisions. Analysing the conduct of a traumatised and strategically exposed small state bordering on an aggressive great power, the book traces a development from reluctant cooperation to active resistance. In doing so, Holbraad surveys and examines the subsequent, and not yet quite finished, debate among Danish historians about this contested period, which takes place between those siding with the resistance and those more inclined to justify limited cooperation with the occupiers – and who sometimes even condone various acts of collaboration.

The Greenland Dilemma

Author : Martin Breum
Publisher : Royal Danish Defence College
ISBN 13 : 8771470999
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (714 download)

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Book Synopsis The Greenland Dilemma by : Martin Breum

Download or read book The Greenland Dilemma written by Martin Breum and published by Royal Danish Defence College. This book was released on 2015-05-20 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about Greenland’s rapidly changing role in the world and about it’s complex connections to Denmark, its former colonizer. It is about Greenland’s possible secession from the Kingdom of Denmark, oil, uranium and the difficulties that Greenlanders and Danes often have when they try to talk about their common past and Greenland’s place in the new, global future. The first part of this book builds on my travels and encounters with Greenland’s politicians, fishermen, schoolteachers and intellectuals – including my old classmate from Maniitsoq, who became a very wise vicar in her hometown and now appears in chapter 3. Through all these conversations I learned just how dramatic the present wave of changes in Greenland are. Never before did I understand just how complex the desire for increased independence is, or how dramatic the clashes between old and new are, or how volcanic the debate over which path to choose for the future can be. An insight into these local discussions is surely a prerequisite if one wants to understand the broader discussion about Greenland’s future relations to Denmark and its changing role in the world. The second part deals with hard-core politics – about mining and oil, and about the rest of the world’s – including China’s - interest in Greenland’s oil, gas, uranium, rare earths, gold and other riches. This part of the book grapples with the political in-fights in Greenland and with the power struggles between Denmark and Greenland over resources, foreign policy and identity. Legally, for half a century, Greenland has been part of the Kingdom of Denmark, but also increasingly a very self-conscious one of the sort. My observations flow from my work as a journalist in Greenland and Denmark over the past years, where I worked for the Danish Broadcasting Corporation and other media outlets. I am Danish, I lived only two years in Greenland as a teenager, but I have come there often in later years. My errand is not to forward any opinion on Greenland’s position as a part of the Danish realm, nor do I pass judgment on the popular vision of future secession. If anything, I hope to throw light on the complexities involved and to encourage more people to take part in this important debate by providing detail, real human beings, facts and observations from places that would, for most people outside Greenland, be somewhat cumbersome to reach.

Governing the North American Arctic

Author : Dawn Alexandrea Berry
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137493917
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)

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Book Synopsis Governing the North American Arctic by : Dawn Alexandrea Berry

Download or read book Governing the North American Arctic written by Dawn Alexandrea Berry and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though it has been home for centuries to indigenous peoples who have mastered its conditions, the Arctic has historically proven to be a difficult region for governments to administer. Extreme temperatures, vast distances, and widely dispersed patterns of settlement have made it impossible for bureaucracies based in far-off capitals to erect and maintain the kind of infrastructure and institutions that they have built elsewhere. As climate change transforms the polar regions, this book seeks to explore how the challenges of governance are developing and being met in Alaska, the Canadian Far North, and Greenland, while also drawing upon lessons from the region's past. Though the experience of each of these jurisdictions is unique, their place within democratic, federal systems and the prominence within each of them of issues relating to the rights of indigenous peoples situates them as part of an identifiably 'North American Arctic.' Today, as this volume shows, their institutions are evolving to address contemporary issues of security, environmental protection, indigenous rights, and economic development.

Phasing Out the Colonial Status of Greenland, 1945-54

Author : Jens Elo Rytter
Publisher : Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN 13 : 8763525879
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Phasing Out the Colonial Status of Greenland, 1945-54 by : Jens Elo Rytter

Download or read book Phasing Out the Colonial Status of Greenland, 1945-54 written by Jens Elo Rytter and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the Constitution of 1953, the colonial status of Greenland came to an end, and Greenlanders were granted equal rights as citizens within the Danish realm. In 1954 this new arrangement was supported by the UN General Assembly. The decision to change Greenland's status was conditioned both by internal and external circumstances. In the UN context, Danes increasingly felt the strain of being a colonial power, and they feared the possibility of future UN interference in Greenlandic affairs.

The Polar Regions in the Twentieth Century

Author : Adolphus Washington Greely
Publisher : Boston : Little, Brown
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Polar Regions in the Twentieth Century by : Adolphus Washington Greely

Download or read book The Polar Regions in the Twentieth Century written by Adolphus Washington Greely and published by Boston : Little, Brown. This book was released on 1928 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History of exploration before the 20th century, and general description of polar regions.

Denmark

Author : W Glyn Jones
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 100090606X
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Denmark by : W Glyn Jones

Download or read book Denmark written by W Glyn Jones and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-28 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1986, Denmark seeks to show the way in which modern Denmark, with its high standard of living, its sense of an orderly society, and its tolerance, had emerged and been shaped since the beginning of the 19th century. It traces its political history, the emergence of political parties and the protracted struggle for parliamentary democracy in the face of a king determined to appoint his own ministers. It looks at the determination of the Danes after the financial repercussions of the Napoleonic wars and the territorial and economic losses resulting from the Schleswig-Holstein debacle in 1864 to win through and recoup their losses. Social changes are described in some detail, particularly in the twentieth century and attention is paid to the workings of the Danish welfare state. Appendices trace in broad outline the historical relationship between Denmark and its former colonies of Greenland and Faroe Islands, now both self-governing territories. This book will be of interest to students of history, geography, political science, sociology and cultural studies.

Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in Northern America

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004300716
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in Northern America by :

Download or read book Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in Northern America written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming interacts in multiple ways with ecological and social systems in Northern America. While the US and Canada belong to the world’s largest per capita emitters of greenhouse gases, the Arctic north of the continent as well as the Deep South are already affected by a changing climate. In Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in Northern America academics from various fields such as anthropology, art history, educational studies, cultural studies, environmental science, history, political science, and sociology explore society–nature interactions in – culturally as well as ecologically – one of the most diverse regions of the world. Contributors include: Omer Aijazi, Roland Benedikter, Maxwell T. Boykoff, Eugene Cordero, Martin David, Demetrius Eudell, Michael K. Goodman, Frederic Hanusch, Naotaka Hayashi, Jürgen Heinrichs, Grit Martinez, Antonia Mehnert, Angela G. Mertig, Michael J. Paolisso, Eleonora Rohland, Karin Schürmann, Bernd Sommer, Kenneth M. Sylvester, Anne Marie Todd, Richard Tucker, and Sam White.

Denmark and the New North Atlantic

Author : Kirsten Thisted
Publisher : Aarhus Universitetsforlag
ISBN 13 : 8772193646
Total Pages : 649 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (721 download)

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Book Synopsis Denmark and the New North Atlantic by : Kirsten Thisted

Download or read book Denmark and the New North Atlantic written by Kirsten Thisted and published by Aarhus Universitetsforlag. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates how the emergence of the Arctic as a new geopolitical arena affects and reshapes the area known as the North Atlantic: Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and coastal Norway. The relationship between the center of the former Danish empire and its subordinates have rested on (varying degrees of) asymmetric power relations, that are intertwined with political as well as emotional bonds. With climate change a whole new reality is emerging in the Arctic and sub-Arctic areas. Power is moving north, and new connections and partnerships are being developed. As the North Atlantic countries share a history as being part of a Danish empire, some of the hierarchies and mindsets inherited from the past still affect the present. This calls for an in-depth understanding of the cultural history of the North Atlantic as well as current relations. What narratives make up the foundation for contemporary cooperation? How are historical relations and narratives being reinterpreted today? How do postcolonial relations affect decision-making concerning natural resources? How do North Atlantic communities envision the future? A team of historians, literary theorists, art historians, ethno - graphers and culture and communication scholars with profound insight into the histories, languages and cultures of the North Atlantic have collaborated on this study of the North Atlantic countries as an emerging new center in the North. Foundations that made this publication possible: Carlsberg Foundation

Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action

Author : Douglas C. Nord
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030523241
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action by : Douglas C. Nord

Download or read book Nordic Perspectives on the Responsible Development of the Arctic: Pathways to Action written by Douglas C. Nord and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the multifaceted nature of change in today’s Nordic Arctic and the necessary research and policy development required to address the challenges and opportunities currently faced by this region. It focuses its attention on the recent efforts of the Nordic community to create specialized Centers of Excellence in Arctic Research in order to facilitate this process of scientific inquiry and policy articulation. The volume seeks to describe both the steps that lead to this decision and the manner in which this undertaking as evolved. The work highlights the research efforts of the four Centers and their investigations of a variety of issues including those related to ecosystem and wildlife management, the revitalization resource dependent communities, the emergence of new climate-born diseases and the development of adequate modeling techniques to assist northern communities in their efforts at adaptation and resilience building. Major discoveries and insights arising from these and other efforts are detailed and possible policy implications considered. The book also focuses attention on the challenges of creating and supporting multidisciplinary teams of researchers to investigate such concerns and the methods and means for facilitating their collaboration and the integration of their findings to form new and useful perspectives on the nature of change in the contemporary Arctic. It also provides helpful consideration and examples of how local and indigenous communities can be engaged in the co-production of knowledge regarding the region. The volume discusses how such research findings can be best communicated and shared between scientists, policymakers and northern residents. It considers the challenges of building common concern not just among different research disciplines but also between bureaucracies and the public. Only when this bridge-building effort is undertaken can true pathways to action be established.

The Antarctic Treaty System

Author : Jeffrey D Myhre
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000314642
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis The Antarctic Treaty System by : Jeffrey D Myhre

Download or read book The Antarctic Treaty System written by Jeffrey D Myhre and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because negotiations for the Antarctic Treaty were kept secret, the issues that shaped the treaty system have been poorly understood. Dr. Myhre breaks new ground by examining the records of the first Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meetings and evaluating the events of the Special Consultative Meetings on Antarctic Mineral Resources. Introducing the reader to Antarctic politics, Dr. Myhre examines legal and political problems arising from some nations' claims to sovereignty in Antarctica, reviews initial efforts to create an international administration for the region, and studies in detail the terms of the treaty and the rules of procedure for the consultative meetings. Turning to the diplomatic events that molded the treaty system, he concentrates on the issues that emerged in the 1960s: conservation, the role of Meetings of Experts, the position of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research within the treaty system, the obligations of acceding states to uphold previous agreements, and the Consultative Powers' failure to establish an Antarctic Secretariat. Finally, he reviews the two main challenges to the system's survival—mineral extraction and Third World opposition to the present structure.

The 20th Century O-Z

Author : Frank N. Magill
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136593691
Total Pages : 1418 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (365 download)

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Book Synopsis The 20th Century O-Z by : Frank N. Magill

Download or read book The 20th Century O-Z written by Frank N. Magill and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 1418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each volume of the Dictionary of World Biography contains 250 entries on the lives of the individuals who shaped their times and left their mark on world history. This is not a who's who. Instead, each entry provides an in-depth essay on the life and career of the individual concerned. Essays commence with a quick reference section that provides basic facts on the individual's life and achievements. The extended biography places the life and works of the individual within an historical context, and the summary at the end of each essay provides a synopsis of the individual's place in history. All entries conclude with a fully annotated bibliography.

Global Arctic

Author : Matthias Finger
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030812537
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Arctic by : Matthias Finger

Download or read book Global Arctic written by Matthias Finger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-25 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic has become a global arena. This development can only be comprehensively understood from a transdisciplinary perspective encompassing ecological, cultural, societal, economic, industrial, geopolitical, and security considerations. This book offers thorough explanations of Arctic developments and challenges. Global warming is in large part the driving force behind the transformation of the Arctic by making access possible to the areas previously out of reach for mining and shipping. An all-year ice-free Arctic Ocean, a reality possible as soon as perhaps 2030, creates a new dynamic in the North. The retreating ice edge enables the exploitation of previously inaccessible resources such as hydrocarbon deposits and rare metals, as well as the shortest sea route from Asia to Europe. Consequently, the Northern Sea Route (NSR) promises faster and cheaper shipping. Russia, along side foreign investment, especially from China, is financing the needed infrastructure. A warming Arctic, however, also has negative impacts. The Arctic is home to fragile ecosystems that are already showing signs of deteriorating. The Arctic has seen unprecedented wildfires, which, together with the release of trapped methane from the disappearing permafrost, will, in turn, accelerate global warming. A warmer Arctic Ocean will also negatively impact fisheries. Couple this with other global changes, such as ocean acidification and modified ocean currents, and the global outlook is bleak. Additionally, the security situation in the Arctic is worsening. After the 2014 Ukraine crisis, the West imposed sanctions on the Russian Federation, which have revived the divisions of the Cold War. The reemergence of these postures is threatening the highly successful Barents Cooperation and other initiatives for peace in the circumpolar North. This book offers new insights and presents arguments for how to mitigate the challenges the Arctic is facing today.

Border Disputes [3 volumes]

Author : Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1218 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Border Disputes [3 volumes] by : Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly

Download or read book Border Disputes [3 volumes] written by Emmanuel Brunet-Jailly and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 1218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ideal resource for anyone studying current events, social studies, geopolitics, conflict resolution, and political science, this three-volume set provides broad coverage of approximately 80 current international border disputes and conflicts. Border disputes are a common source of political instability and military conflict around the globe, both in the present day and throughout history. Border Disputes: A Global Encyclopedia will serve as an invaluable resource for students studying social studies, political science, human geography, or related subjects. Each volume of this expansive encyclopedia begins with an accessible introduction to the type of dispute to be discussed, identifying the conflict as territorial (Volume 1), positional (Volume 2), or functional (Volume 3). Following the background essay in each volume are comprehensive case study entries on specific international conflicts, examining the disputed area, the reasons for the dispute, and cultural, political, historical, and legal issues relating to the dispute. The third volume will also provide primary documents of legal rulings and important resolutions of various disputes, as well as profiles of key organizations relating to border studies and specific border dispute commissions.