Demographics Sectoral Change And Changing Relative Wages

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Demographics Sectoral Change, and Changing Relative Wages

Author : Lynn A. Karoly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Demographics Sectoral Change, and Changing Relative Wages by : Lynn A. Karoly

Download or read book Demographics Sectoral Change, and Changing Relative Wages written by Lynn A. Karoly and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the mid-1970s, U.S. wage inequality has increased sharply. While there are many possible explanations for this increase, previous attempts at explanation have been limited by the small numbers of degrees of freedom in the aggregate time-series data. In this paper, the authors reexamine the relative importance of various explanations of the increase in wage inequality using a time-series of cross-sections of data on local labor markets, greatly increasing the number of degrees of freedom and the authors' ability to distinguish secular change from true structural causes of increasing earnings inequality. The authors disaggregated results confirm earlier analyses suggesting the importance of changes in the relative supply of education groups, unemployment, and unionization; but the authors find little evidence for the importance of changes in the sectoral composition of output.

The Changing Distribution of Income in an Open U.S. Economy

Author : J.H. Bergstrand
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483296261
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Distribution of Income in an Open U.S. Economy by : J.H. Bergstrand

Download or read book The Changing Distribution of Income in an Open U.S. Economy written by J.H. Bergstrand and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been dramatic changes in the distribution of earnings and income in the United States during recent years. This volume presents original papers, contributed by eminent economists, on the measurement and causes of growing income inequality in the U.S. and other major industrialized countries. The first part examines the definition of income, decomposition of earnings into capacity and capacity utilization rates, and alternative methodologies for estimating income and earnings dispersion. The second part investigates theoretically or empirically alternative causes of income inequality: international trade, macroeconomic conditions and policies, technological progress, productivity growth, institutions, demographic labor supply, and sectoral labor demand. In the final part of the volume policy implications and recommendations are discussed. The volume will be valuable for academic departments (economics, political science, sociology); economic policy institutes and Federal Reserve Bank research departments; economists in government.

Wage Inequality and Industrial Change

Author : Chinhui Juhn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Wage Inequality and Industrial Change by : Chinhui Juhn

Download or read book Wage Inequality and Industrial Change written by Chinhui Juhn and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using data from the 1940-1980 Decennial Census and the 1988-1992 March Current Population Surveys, this paper examines the impact of industrial change on male wage inequality over a period of five decades (1940-1990). Alternative measures of skill such as the wage percentile, education and occupation indicate that wage inequality between more and less skilled male workers fell substantially during the 1940s and increased most dramatically during the 1980s. Examination of industrial change over this longer time period shows that the demand for the most highly educated and skilled male workers relative to the least skilled male workers increased no faster during the 1970s and the 1980s than during the earlier decades. In contrast, the demand for men in the middle skill categories (such as those in basic manufacturing) expanded during the 1940s and the 1950s and contracted severely during the 1970s and 1980s. This suggests that the growth of jobs in the middle skill categories may be closely related to overall wage inequality. Cross sectional regressions based on state level data also show some empirical support for the hypothesis that a decline in demand for medium skilled groups increases overall wage inequality.

Growth and Structural Transformation

Author : Kwang Suk Kim
Publisher : Harvard Univ Asia Center
ISBN 13 : 9780674364752
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (647 download)

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Book Synopsis Growth and Structural Transformation by : Kwang Suk Kim

Download or read book Growth and Structural Transformation written by Kwang Suk Kim and published by Harvard Univ Asia Center. This book was released on 1979 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides a comprehensive overview of Korea's macroeconomic growth and structural change since World War II. The authors explore in detail colonial development, changing national income patterns, relative price shifts, sources of aggregate growth, and sources of sectoral structural change, comparing them with other countries.

The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309444454
Total Pages : 643 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration finds that the long-term impact of immigration on the wages and employment of native-born workers overall is very small, and that any negative impacts are most likely to be found for prior immigrants or native-born high school dropouts. First-generation immigrants are more costly to governments than are the native-born, but the second generation are among the strongest fiscal and economic contributors in the U.S. This report concludes that immigration has an overall positive impact on long-run economic growth in the U.S. More than 40 million people living in the United States were born in other countries, and almost an equal number have at least one foreign-born parent. Together, the first generation (foreign-born) and second generation (children of the foreign-born) comprise almost one in four Americans. It comes as little surprise, then, that many U.S. residents view immigration as a major policy issue facing the nation. Not only does immigration affect the environment in which everyone lives, learns, and works, but it also interacts with nearly every policy area of concern, from jobs and the economy, education, and health care, to federal, state, and local government budgets. The changing patterns of immigration and the evolving consequences for American society, institutions, and the economy continue to fuel public policy debate that plays out at the national, state, and local levels. The Economic and Fiscal Consequences of Immigration assesses the impact of dynamic immigration processes on economic and fiscal outcomes for the United States, a major destination of world population movements. This report will be a fundamental resource for policy makers and law makers at the federal, state, and local levels but extends to the general public, nongovernmental organizations, the business community, educational institutions, and the research community.

The New Americans

Author : Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309521424
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Americans by : Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration

Download or read book The New Americans written by Panel on the Demographic and Economic Impacts of Immigration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sheds light on one of the most controversial issues of the decade. It identifies the economic gains and losses from immigration--for the nation, states, and local areas--and provides a foundation for public discussion and policymaking. Three key questions are explored: What is the influence of immigration on the overall economy, especially national and regional labor markets? What are the overall effects of immigration on federal, state, and local government budgets? What effects will immigration have on the future size and makeup of the nation's population over the next 50 years? The New Americans examines what immigrants gain by coming to the United States and what they contribute to the country, the skills of immigrants and those of native-born Americans, the experiences of immigrant women and other groups, and much more. It offers examples of how to measure the impact of immigration on government revenues and expenditures--estimating one year's fiscal impact in California, New Jersey, and the United States and projecting the long-run fiscal effects on government revenues and expenditures. Also included is background information on immigration policies and practices and data on where immigrants come from, what they do in America, and how they will change the nation's social fabric in the decades to come.

Early Childhood Interventions, Public-private Partnerships

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on Human Resources
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (327 download)

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Book Synopsis Early Childhood Interventions, Public-private Partnerships by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on Human Resources

Download or read book Early Childhood Interventions, Public-private Partnerships written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Reform and Oversight. Subcommittee on Human Resources and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These hearings transcripts recount testimony before the U.S. House of Representatives concerning early childhood development programs. Testimony addressed the questions of how public and private investments in early childhood programs contribute to successful outcomes for infants and mothers, and how these successes can be measured and replicated as states implement welfare reforms and demand for quality child care grows. The transcripts include statements and/or testimony from Rob Reiner of the I Am Your Child campaign; Lincoln C. Almond, Governor of Rhode Island; a representative of the RAND Corporation; the director of program and policy analysis of the National Center for Children in Poverty; a professor of pediatrics and preventive medicine; a single mother; Representative Christopher Shays (Connecticut), and Representative Edolphus Towns (New York). (HTH)

The Race between Education and Technology

Author : Claudia Goldin
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674037731
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis The Race between Education and Technology by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book The Race between Education and Technology written by Claudia Goldin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a careful historical analysis of the co-evolution of educational attainment and the wage structure in the United States through the twentieth century. The authors propose that the twentieth century was not only the American Century but also the Human Capital Century. That is, the American educational system is what made America the richest nation in the world. Its educational system had always been less elite than that of most European nations. By 1900 the U.S. had begun to educate its masses at the secondary level, not just in the primary schools that had remarkable success in the nineteenth century. The book argues that technological change, education, and inequality have been involved in a kind of race. During the first eight decades of the twentieth century, the increase of educated workers was higher than the demand for them. This had the effect of boosting income for most people and lowering inequality. However, the reverse has been true since about 1980. This educational slowdown was accompanied by rising inequality. The authors discuss the complex reasons for this, and what might be done to ameliorate it.

Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality

Author : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513547437
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality by : Ms.Era Dabla-Norris

Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Income Inequality written by Ms.Era Dabla-Norris and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the extent of income inequality from a global perspective, its drivers, and what to do about it. The drivers of inequality vary widely amongst countries, with some common drivers being the skill premium associated with technical change and globalization, weakening protection for labor, and lack of financial inclusion in developing countries. We find that increasing the income share of the poor and the middle class actually increases growth while a rising income share of the top 20 percent results in lower growth—that is, when the rich get richer, benefits do not trickle down. This suggests that policies need to be country specific but should focus on raising the income share of the poor, and ensuring there is no hollowing out of the middle class. To tackle inequality, financial inclusion is imperative in emerging and developing countries while in advanced economies, policies should focus on raising human capital and skills and making tax systems more progressive.

Demand Shifts, Population Adjustments, and Labor Market Outcomes During the 1980s

Author : John Bound
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Demand Shifts, Population Adjustments, and Labor Market Outcomes During the 1980s by : John Bound

Download or read book Demand Shifts, Population Adjustments, and Labor Market Outcomes During the 1980s written by John Bound and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we explore the effects of labor demand shifts and population adjustments across metropolitan areas on the employment and earnings of various demographic groups during the 1980s. Results show that, although earnings and employment deteriorated for less-education and black males in most areas in the 1980s, there was a good deal of geographic variation in the magnitudes of these changes. Shifts in labor demand across local areas contributed to this variation, and had greater relative impacts on the earnings and employment of these demographic groups. We also find that popu- lation shifts across areas, presumably due to migation, at least partially offset the effects of these demand shifts. But less-education workers showed substantially lower population adjustments in response to these demand shifts. These limited supply responses apparently contributed importantly to relatively greater deterioration of employment and earnings of these groups in declining areas during the 1980s.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

The Demand for State and Local Government Employees

Author : Ronald G. Ehrenberg
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis The Demand for State and Local Government Employees by : Ronald G. Ehrenberg

Download or read book The Demand for State and Local Government Employees written by Ronald G. Ehrenberg and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Changing Role of Unions

Author : Phanindra V. Wunnava
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315498197
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing Role of Unions by : Phanindra V. Wunnava

Download or read book The Changing Role of Unions written by Phanindra V. Wunnava and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the trend toward multinational corporations, free trade pacts and dismantling import barriers, organized labour has been steadily losing ground in the United States. To reverse this trend, this book argues that US unions must create ties with unions in other countries.

The Great Demographic Reversal

Author : Charles Goodhart
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030426572
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Demographic Reversal by : Charles Goodhart

Download or read book The Great Demographic Reversal written by Charles Goodhart and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original and panoramic book proposes that the underlying forces of demography and globalisation will shortly reverse three multi-decade global trends – it will raise inflation and interest rates, but lead to a pullback in inequality. “Whatever the future holds”, the authors argue, “it will be nothing like the past”. Deflationary headwinds over the last three decades have been primarily due to an enormous surge in the world’s available labour supply, owing to very favourable demographic trends and the entry of China and Eastern Europe into the world’s trading system. This book demonstrates how these demographic trends are on the point of reversing sharply, coinciding with a retreat from globalisation. The result? Ageing can be expected to raise inflation and interest rates, bringing a slew of problems for an over-indebted world economy, but is also anticipated to increase the share of labour, so that inequality falls. Covering many social and political factors, as well as those that are more purely macroeconomic, the authors address topics including ageing, dementia, inequality, populism, retirement and debt finance, among others. This book will be of interest and understandable to anyone with an interest on where the world’s economy may be going.

Atlanta Paradox

Author : David L. Sjoquist
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610445066
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis Atlanta Paradox by : David L. Sjoquist

Download or read book Atlanta Paradox written by David L. Sjoquist and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2000-05-25 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the rapid creation of jobs in the greater Atlanta region, poverty in the city itself remains surprisingly high, and Atlanta's economic boom has yet to play a significant role in narrowing the gap between the suburban rich and the city poor. This book investigates the key factors underlying this paradox. The authors show that the legacy of past residential segregation as well as the more recent phenomenon of urban sprawl both work against inner city blacks. Many remain concentrated near traditional black neighborhoods south of the city center and face prohibitive commuting distances now that jobs have migrated to outlying northern suburbs. The book also presents some promising signs. Few whites still hold overt negative stereotypes of blacks, and both whites and blacks would prefer to live in more integrated neighborhoods. The emergence of a dynamic, black middle class and the success of many black-owned businesses in the area also give the authors reason to hope that racial inequality will not remain entrenched in a city where so much else has changed. A Volume in the Multi-City Study of Urban Inequality

Structural Changes, Employment Outcomes, and Population Adjustment Among Whites and Blacks, 1980-1900

Author : John Bound
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Structural Changes, Employment Outcomes, and Population Adjustment Among Whites and Blacks, 1980-1900 by : John Bound

Download or read book Structural Changes, Employment Outcomes, and Population Adjustment Among Whites and Blacks, 1980-1900 written by John Bound and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling

Author : Peter B. Dixon
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 044462631X
Total Pages : 1886 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling by : Peter B. Dixon

Download or read book Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling written by Peter B. Dixon and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-01-08 with total page 1886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Top scholars synthesize and analyze scholarship on this widely used tool of policy analysis in 27 articles, setting forth its accomplishments, difficulties, and means of implementation. Though CGE modeling does not play a prominent role in top U.S. graduate schools, it is employed universally in the development of economic policy. This collection is particularly important because it presents a history of modeling applications and examines competing points of view. Presents coherent summaries of CGE theories that inform major model types Covers the construction of CGE databases, model solving, and computer-assisted interpretation of results Shows how CGE modeling has made a contribution to economic policy