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Author : Marco Antonio Zúñiga Izaguirre
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 102 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (37 download)
Download or read book Delayed neutron counting technique for uranium determination written by Marco Antonio Zúñiga Izaguirre and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : F. F. Dyer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book A Comprehensive Study of the Neutron Activation Analysis of Uranium by Delayed-neutron Counting written by F. F. Dyer and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. I. Scherpelz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (935 download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Uranium Concentrations by the Delayed Neutron Counting Technique written by R. I. Scherpelz and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The counting of delayed neutrons emitted by fission is presented as a valuable technique for the measurement of uranium concentrations in a variety of matrices. The concentrations successfully analyzed can vary from well under one part per million to the high concentrations found in uranium ores. In a sample analysis, fission is induced in the uranium in the sample by irradiation in a thermal neutron flux, then the sample is rapidly transferred to a counting assembly capable of detecting delayed neutrons. In the system described, irradiation is performed in a TRIGA reactor, and counting is done in a paraffin-moderated assembly of BF3 gas-filled detectors. All equipment needed for the analysis and the necessary procedures are discussed. The delayed fission neutron (DFN) counting technique is compared to other methods of analysis for uranium, and the experiences of other researchers using the DFN technique are summarized. When compared to many other methods, DFN counting is relatively free of interferences. The interferences which may occur, such as high energy gammas, unknown neutron-emitting nuclides or strong neutron absorbers in the sample, are discussed. Any uncertainties associated with a DFN measurement are also analyzed. DFN counting has been used in many applications, such as the measurement of uranium in geological samples, phosphate products and seawater adsorbers. It can also be used for the measurement of thorium in many samples. These applications are presented, and the results of many different analyses are listed. Experience gained at Oregon State University is examined in detail, and several improvements are suggested.
Author : H. Kunzendorf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788755007093
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Automated uranium analysis by delayed-neutron counting written by H. Kunzendorf and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : C. Redman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book An Investigation of the Delayed Neutron Decay Curves Resulting from Uranium and Plutonium Fission written by C. Redman and published by . This book was released on 1944 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Philip D. Nelson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (119 download)
Download or read book The Use of Delayed Neutron Counting for Uranium Analysis in Biological Tissue and Its Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study in Weanling Rats written by Philip D. Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delayed neutron counting (DNC) is a variation of neutron activation analysis applicable only to fissionable elements. Briefly, it involves exposing a sample to the neutron flux in a reactor to induce fission, then quickly retrieving the sample to count the delayed fission neutrons emitted. These are proportional to the amount of the fissionable element in the sample. This technique has been used for over two decades to assay uranium in geological and water samples. I investigated its applicability to biological tissues, specifically soft tissues and bones. Only the simplest sample preparation was required. Samples needed only to be freeze dried, weighed and encapsulated in polyvials before activation. This allowed rapid preparation of large numbers of samples at low cost (about half that of conventional chemical analyses). The minimum level of detection (MLD) for 1/2 gram samples was about 10 nanograms for natural uranium. Precision was comparable to values attained for other methods of uranium analysis. Accuracy was determined by using a relative accuracy. Prepared standard solutions were analyzed for uranium content by an outside laboratory and then all counting data were compared to these values. The effects on precision and accuracy of a variety of factors in sample preparation, activation, and neutron counting were evaluated. DNC appears to have substantial advantages for uranium analysis over conventional methods, while achieving similar precision, accuracy, and MLD. The DNC method was used to study the uptake, distribution, and clearance of an acute dose of uranium in weanling rats. The dose was administered by gavage. Animals were killed and various tissues were collected at several times post gavage. The absorption of uranium in the GI tract occurred primarily in the stomach within 15 minutes, and appeared to be dependent upon the acidity of the stomach contents. Uranium absorbed from the GI tract entered the blood and deposited in the skeleton. Uptake and loss in the skeleton followed two patterns. A transitory uptake was observed in the skull, while a slower, longer term uptake associated with bone growth or degree of bone mineralization was observed in the remainder of the skeleton. Uptake and loss in the kidney followed a similar pattern as observed for the skeleton (excluding the skull). In addition, the relative distribution of uranium in the skeleton, i.e., the fractional burdens of the individual bones of the skeleton, appeared to be independent of time post gavage, age, route of administration, and sex.
Author : L. Hachkowski
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book The determination of uranium by neutron irradiation and delayed neutron counting written by L. Hachkowski and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 19 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)
Download or read book The Determination of Uranium in Geological Material by Delayed Neutron Counting written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : George Robert Keepin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Delayed Neutrons from Fissionable Isotopes of Uranium, Plutonium, and Thorium written by George Robert Keepin and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF THE NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS OF URANIUM BY DELAYED-NEUTRON COUNTING. written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The method of neutron activation analysis of U by delayed-neutron counting was investigated in order to ascertain if the method would be suitable for routine application to such analyses. It was shown that the method can be used extensively and routinely for the determination of U. Emphasis was placed on the determination of U in the types of sample materials encountered in nuclear technology. Determinations of U were made on such materials as ores, granite, sea sediments, biological tissue, graphite, and metal alloys. The method is based upon the fact that delayed neutrons are emitted from fission products from the interaction of neutrons with U/sup 235/. Since the U/sup 235/ component of U undergoes most of the fissions when a sample is in a neutron flux, the method is predominately one for the determination of U/sup 235/. The total U in a sample or the isotopic composition of the U in a sample can be determined provided there is a prior knowledge of one of these quantities. The U/sup 235/ content of a test sample is obtained by comparing its delayed-neutron count to that obtained with a comparator sample containing a known quantity of U/sup 235/. (auth).
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Delayed Neutrons from U235 After Short Irradiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 235U Determination Using In-Beam Delayed Neutron Counting Technique at the NRU Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes a collaborative effort that saw the Royal Military College of Canada (RMC)'s delayed neutron and gamma counting apparatus transported to Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) for use in the neutron beamline at the National Research Universal (NRU) reactor. Samples containing mg quantities of fissile material were re-interrogated, and their delayed neutron emissions measured. This collaboration offers significant advantages to previous delayed neutron research at both CNL and RMC. This paper details the determination of 235U content in enriched uranium via the assay of in-beam delayed neutron magnitudes and temporal behavior. 235U mass was determined with an average absolute error of ± 2.7 %. This error is lower than that obtained at RMCC for the assay of 235U content in aqueous solutions (3.6 %) using delayed neutron counting. Delayed neutron counting has been demonstrated to be a rapid, accurate, and precise method for special nuclear material detection and identification.
Author : Angela Lynn Lousteau
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (15 download)
Download or read book Determining 235U Enrichment Using a Dual-energy Approach for Delayed Neutron Measurements written by Angela Lynn Lousteau and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulk uranium items are often measured using active neutron interrogation systems to take advantage of the relatively high penetrability of neutrons, providing the ability to quickly and accurately measure uranium masses in large, dense configurations. Active techniques employ an external neutron source to induce fission in the uranium and subsequently measure emitted prompt fission or delayed neutrons. Unfortunately, the emitted neutrons from 235U [uranium-235] and 238U [uranium-238] are, for all practical purposes, indistinguishable; therefore, commonly used systems such as the Active Well Coincidence Counter, the 252Cf [californium-252] Shuffler, and other systems based on measurement of prompt or delayed fission neutrons require many representative calibration standards and/or well-known isotopic information to interpret the results (i.e., extract an isotopic mass from the effective fissionable mass), thus limiting these techniques for safeguards applications. The primary objective of this research was to develop and demonstrate a dual-energy neutron interrogation technique using a 252Cf Shuffler measurement chamber for determination of uranium enrichment, thus eliminating the need for a (traditionally separate) gamma isotopic measurement. This new technique exploits the change in fission rates as a function of interrogating neutron energy to independently determine the 235U and 238U content in the measurement item. Dual neutron interrogation energies were achieved by adding a deuterium- tritium (D-T) neutron generator into the measurement chamber of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory 252Cf Shuffler. Results from traditional 252Cf measurements and the new D-T measurements were then used to develop a relationship between uranium enrichment and the ratio of the two delayed neutron count rates. Parameter studies were performed to optimize the measurements for each source using a combination of modeling/simulation and experimental measurements. This dissertation presents the detailed development of this novel dual-energy neutron interrogation technique. The results are promising and with engineering refinements could be deployed for routine assay of certain types of materials.
Author : J. B. Hornsby
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (828 download)
Download or read book Non-destructive Determination of Uranium Enrichment by a Delayed Neutron Technique written by J. B. Hornsby and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Determination of the 235U Enrichment of Bulk Uranium Samples Using Delayed Neutrons written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A technique for utilizing the physics of the delayed neutron re-interrogation method to determine uranium enrichment is presented in this paper. A series of active interrogation measurements was performed using pulsed 14-MeV neutrons and a polyethylene moderated 3He based neutron detection system. Proof of principle measurements were performed on a set of bulk uranium oxide standards of differing enrichments. A series of measurements was performed on a set of uranium 'unknowns' with and without high-Z gamma-ray shielding (lead) present. Uranium enrichment estimates were obtained for all cases including the bulk uranium samples shielded by lead. Further refinement of this technique is needed to make it a more powerful tool for non-destructive assay of bulk uranium samples.
Author : W.H. Davies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (896 download)
Download or read book The Determination of Traces of Uranium by Delayed Neutron Emission written by W.H. Davies and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N. Sugarman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Determination of the Ranges of the Fission Fragments Emitting Delayed Neutrons Chemical Identification of the 4.51s Delayed Neutron Activity written by N. Sugarman and published by . This book was released on 1946 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
