Defiant Populist

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Defiant Populist

Author : Lothar Höbelt
Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781557532305
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (323 download)

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Book Synopsis Defiant Populist by : Lothar Höbelt

Download or read book Defiant Populist written by Lothar Höbelt and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A great deal has been said and written about Jorg Haider, the charismatic but controversial leader of Austria's Freedom Party. To some he is a neo-Nazi and admirer of fellow Austrian Adolf Hitler's policies. To others he is merely an artful opportunist, a telegenic master of coded sound bites and slogans that means different things to different people. And to that quarter of the country's voters who voted this glamorous rabble-rouser's Freedom Party (FPO) to power in 1999, he represents a fresh alternative to the incestuous two-party oligarchy that had run Austria for a half century. This book goes a long way in explaining how his use of rhetoric and language style reminiscent of Nazi leanings have promoted his meteoric rise to political power, and how this same rhetoric could possibly be this man's downfall. For instance, he has been outspoken about endorsing Hitler's unemployment practices, as well as calling former SS veterans, men of character. As a result, among his FPO party members, there are rumors of a split, for there are some who object to his use of language, and his penchant for using the Nazi agenda as a backdrop for their party's political domination. Defiant Populist is about de-bunking the Haider myth created by the love-hate relationship of a clever maverick and the media who feed upon one another. To be understood, the Haider phenomenon needs to be seen in the context of the strange politics of a country that leads a very sheltered existence in the heart of Europe and yet continues to be the odd man out in more ways than one, from machine politics to neutrality, from its hang-ups about past glories to its ambivalent approach to its German and European identity, from its conservative mentality to its lack of a real conservative tradition in politics. This book explains and analyzes the Haider phenomenon from the context of a country of contrasts: an admirable record of non-violence and social peace with residual anti-Semitism, socialist economics with enviable wealth, staunchly pro-Western values with equally ardent neutralism, and a relatively new Austrian identity with a dark German past. Lothar Hobelt is one of Austria's leading modern political historians. In addition to over a hundred articles, he has published ten books, including Republik im Wandel: Die groÃYe Koalition und der Aufstieg der Haider-FPÃ-, and Von der Vierten Partei zur Dritten Kraft: Die Geschichte des VdU. He appears regularly in print, radio, and television media, both at home and abroad, as an authority on JÃ¶rg Haider and the Freedom Party. Dr. Hobelt has held visiting professorships at the Universities of Chicago and New Orleans, and has taught since 1983 at the University of Vienna.

The First Populist

Author : David S. Brown
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982191112
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis The First Populist by : David S. Brown

Download or read book The First Populist written by David S. Brown and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-05-17 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely, “solidly researched [and] gracefully written” (The Wall Street Journal) biography of President Andrew Jackson that offers a fresh reexamination of this charismatic figure in the context of American populism—connecting the complex man and the politician to a longer history of division, dissent, and partisanship that has come to define our current times. Andrew Jackson rose from rural poverty in the Carolinas to become the dominant figure in American politics between Jefferson and Lincoln. His reputation, however, defies easy description. Some regard him as the symbol of a powerful democratic movement that saw early 19th-century voting rights expanded for propertyless white men. Others stress Jackson’s prominent role in removing Native American peoples from their ancestral lands, which then became the center of a thriving southern cotton kingdom worked by more than a million enslaved people. A combative, self-defined champion of “farmers, mechanics, and laborers,” Jackson railed against East Coast elites and Virginia aristocracy, fostering a brand of democracy that struck a chord with the common man and helped catapult him into the presidency. “The General,” as he was known, was the first president to be born of humble origins, first orphan, and thus far the only former prisoner of war to occupy the office. Drawing on a wide range of sources, The First Populist takes a fresh look at Jackson’s public career, including the pivotal Battle of New Orleans (1815) and the bitterly fought Bank War; it reveals his marriage to an already married woman and a deadly duel with a Nashville dandy, and analyzes his magnetic hold on the public imagination of the country in the decades between the War of 1812 and the Civil War. “By assessing the frequent comparisons between Jackson and Donald Trump…the hope is that a fresh understanding of the divisive times of ‘the country’s original anti-establishment president’ might shed light on our own” (The Christian Science Monitor).

Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism

Author : Jeremiah Morelock
Publisher : University of Westminster Press
ISBN 13 : 1912656051
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism by : Jeremiah Morelock

Download or read book Critical Theory and Authoritarian Populism written by Jeremiah Morelock and published by University of Westminster Press. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After President Trump’s election, BREXIT and the widespread rise of far-Right political parties, much public discussion has intensely focused on populism and authoritarianism. In the middle of the twentieth century, members of the early Frankfurt School prolifically studied and theorized fascism and anti-Semitism in Germany and the United States. In this volume, leading European and American scholars apply insights from the early Frankfurt School to present-day authoritarian populism, including the Trump phenomenon and related developments across the globe. Chapters are arranged into three sections exploring different aspects of the topic: theories, historical foundations, and manifestations via social media. Contributions examine the vital political, psychological and anthropological theories of early Frankfurt School thinkers, and how their insights could be applied now amidst the insecurities and confusions of twenty-first century life. The many theorists considered include Adorno, Fromm, Löwenthal and Marcuse, alongside analysis of Austrian Facebook pages and Trump’s tweets and operatic media drama. This book is a major contribution towards deeper understanding of populism’s resurgence in the age of digital capitalism.

The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies

Author : Diana Kapiszewski
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110890159X
Total Pages : 587 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies by : Diana Kapiszewski

Download or read book The Inclusionary Turn in Latin American Democracies written by Diana Kapiszewski and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin American states took dramatic steps toward greater inclusion during the late twentieth and early twenty-first Centuries. Bringing together an accomplished group of scholars, this volume examines this shift by introducing three dimensions of inclusion: official recognition of historically excluded groups, access to policymaking, and resource redistribution. Tracing the movement along these dimensions since the 1990s, the editors argue that the endurance of democratic politics, combined with longstanding social inequalities, create the impetus for inclusionary reforms. Diverse chapters explore how factors such as the role of partisanship and electoral clientelism, constitutional design, state capacity, social protest, populism, commodity rents, international diffusion, and historical legacies encouraged or inhibited inclusionary reform during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Featuring original empirical evidence and a strong theoretical framework, the book considers cross-national variation, delves into the surprising paradoxes of inclusion, and identifies the obstacles hindering further fundamental change.

Austrian Foreign Policy in Historical Context

Author : Anton Pelinka
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351315145
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (513 download)

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Book Synopsis Austrian Foreign Policy in Historical Context by : Anton Pelinka

Download or read book Austrian Foreign Policy in Historical Context written by Anton Pelinka and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2005, Austria celebrated the sixtieth anniversary of its liberation from the Nazi regime and the fiftieth anniversary of the State Treaty that ended the occupation and returned full sovereignty to the country. This volume of Contemporary Austrian Studies covers foreign policy in the twentieth century. It offers an up-to-date status report of Austria's foreign policy trajectories and diplomatic options. Eva Nowotny, the current Austrian ambassador to the United States, introduces the volume with an analysis of the art and practice of Austrian diplomacy in historical perspective. Ambassador Wolfgang Petritsch analyzes recent Balkans diplomacy as an EU emissary in the Bosnian and Kosovo crises. Historians G nther Kronenbitter, Alexander Lassner, G nter Bischof, Joanna Granville, and Martin Kofler provide historical case studies of pre-and post-World War I and World War II Austrian diplomacy, Austria's dealings with the Hungarian crisis of 1956, and its mediation between Kennedy and Khrushchev in the early 1960s. Political scientists Romain Kirt, Stefan Mayer, and Gunther Hauser analyze small states' foreign policymaking in a globalizing world, Austrian federal states' separate regional policy initiatives abroad and Austria's role vis-is current European security initiatives. Michael Gehler periodizes post-World War II Austrian foreign policy regimes and provides a valuable summary of both the available archival and printed diplomatic source collections. A "Historiography Roundtable" is dedicated to the Austrian Occupation decade. G nter Bischof reports on the state of occupation historiography; Oliver Rathkolb on the historical memory of the occupation; Michael Gehler on the context of the German question; and Wolfgang Mueller and Norman Naimark on Stalin's Cold War and Soviet policies towards Austria during those years. Review essays and book reviews on art theft, anti-Semitism, the Hungarian crisis of 1956, among other topics, complete the volume.

The Last American Aristocrat

Author : David S. Brown
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1982128259
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (821 download)

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Book Synopsis The Last American Aristocrat by : David S. Brown

Download or read book The Last American Aristocrat written by David S. Brown and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-11-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A “marvelous…compelling” (The New York Times Book Review) biography of literary icon Henry Adams—one of America’s most prominent writers and intellectuals, who witnessed and contributed to the United States’ dramatic transition from a colonial society to a modern nation. Henry Adams is perhaps the most eclectic, accomplished, and important American writer of his time. His autobiography and modern classic The Education of Henry Adams was widely considered one of the best English-language nonfiction books of the 20th century. The last member of his distinguished family—after great-grandfather John Adams, and grandfather John Quincy Adams—to gain national attention, he is remembered today as an historian, a political commentator, and a memoirist. Now, historian David Brown sheds light on the brilliant yet under-celebrated life of this major American intellectual. Adams not only lived through the Civil War and the Industrial Revolution but he met Abraham Lincoln, bowed before Queen Victoria, and counted Secretary of State John Hay, Senator Henry Cabot Lodge, and President Theodore Roosevelt as friends and neighbors. His observations of these powerful men and their policies in his private letters provide a penetrating assessment of Gilded Age America on the cusp of the modern era. “Thoroughly researched and gracefully written” (The Wall Street Journal), The Last American Aristocrat details Adams’s relationships with his wife (Marian “Clover” Hooper) and, following her suicide, Elizabeth Cameron, the young wife of a senator and part of the famous Sherman clan from Ohio. Henry Adams’s letters—thousands of them—demonstrate his struggles with depression, familial expectations, and reconciling with his unwanted widower’s existence. Offering a fresh window on nineteenth century US history, as well as a more “modern” and “human” Henry Adams than ever before, The Last American Aristocrat is a “standout portrait of the man and his era” (Publishers Weekly, starred review).

Radical Right

Author : Pippa Norris
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521849142
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis Radical Right by : Pippa Norris

Download or read book Radical Right written by Pippa Norris and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-08-22 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 2005, explains why radical right parties have advanced in a diverse array of democracies.

Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Use of the Past in Italy’s ‘Dark Ages’

Author : Luigi Andrea Berto
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000549895
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Use of the Past in Italy’s ‘Dark Ages’ by : Luigi Andrea Berto

Download or read book Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Use of the Past in Italy’s ‘Dark Ages’ written by Luigi Andrea Berto and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the Italian peninsula in the early Middle Ages by focusing on research fields such as ethnic identity, memory, and use of the past. Particular attention is devoted to the way some authors were influenced by their own ‘present’ in their reconstruction of the past. The political and cultural fragmentation of Italy during the early Middles Ages, created by the Lombards’ invasion of a part of the Peninsula in the late-sixth century and early-seventh century, Charlemagne’s conquest of a part of the Lombard Kingdom in 774, and by the weakening of the Byzantine Empire in the eighth and ninth centuries, make this part of Europe a special area for exploring continuities and discontinuities between the Roman and the post-Roman periods in Western Europe. Across the volume, Berto examines the problems that the features of primary sources and their scarcity pose to their interpretations. Ethnic Identity, Memory, and Use of the Past in Italy’s ‘Dark Ages’ is the ideal resource for upper level undergraduates, postgraduates, and scholars interested in the relationship between Italy and Europe during the Middle Ages.

The Great Revolt

Author : Salena Zito
Publisher : Forum Books
ISBN 13 : 1524763705
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Revolt by : Salena Zito

Download or read book The Great Revolt written by Salena Zito and published by Forum Books. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A CNN political analyst and a Republican strategist reframe the discussion of the “Trump voter” to answer the question, What’s next? NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY FOREIGN AFFAIRS • “Unlike most retellings of the 2016 election, The Great Revolt provides a cohesive, non-wild-eyed argument about where the Republican Party could be headed.”—The Atlantic Political experts were wrong about the 2016 election and they continue to blow it, predicting the coming demise of the president without pausing to consider the durability of the winds that swept him into office. Salena Zito and Brad Todd have traveled over 27,000 miles of country roads to interview more than three hundred Trump voters in ten swing counties. What emerges is a portrait of a group of citizens who span job descriptions, income brackets, education levels, and party allegiances, united by their desire to be part of a movement larger than themselves. They want to put pragmatism before ideology and localism before globalism, and demand the respect they deserve from Washington. The 2016 election signaled a realignment in American politics that will outlast any one president. Zito and Todd reframe the discussion of the “Trump voter” to answer the question, What’s next?

Defiant Discourse

Author : Tamar Katriel
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351716123
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis Defiant Discourse by : Tamar Katriel

Download or read book Defiant Discourse written by Tamar Katriel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely and innovative book, Tamar Katriel takes a language and discourse-centred approach to the subject of peace activism in Israel-Palestine, one of the most significant political issues of our time, while also posing more general questions about the role played by language in activist movements – how activists themselves conceptualize their speech and its relationship to action. Viewing activism as a globalized cultural formation that gives shape and meaning to grassroots organizations' struggles for political change, this book explores the relations between the cultural categories of speech and action as constructed and evaluated in activist contexts. It focuses on the specific empirical field of defiant discourse associated with the soldierly role in Israeli culture, using it to offer an in-depth exploration of the cultural underpinnings of defiant speech. Katriel interrogates discourse-centered activism as part of social movements' action repertoires on the one hand, and of the local cultural construction of speech cultures on the other. This is critical reading for all students and scholars studying activism and social movements within linguistics, Middle Eastern studies, peace studies, and communication studies.

Democracy's Resilience to Populism's Threat

Author : Kurt Weyland
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009432494
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy's Resilience to Populism's Threat by : Kurt Weyland

Download or read book Democracy's Resilience to Populism's Threat written by Kurt Weyland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent global wave of populist governments, which culminated in Donald Trump's victory in 2016, has convinced many observers that populism is a grave threat to democracy. In his new book, Kurt Weyland critiques recent scholarship for focusing too closely on cases where populist leaders have crushed democracy, and instead turns to the many cases where would populist-authoritarians have failed to overthrow democracy. Through a systematic comparative analysis of thirty populist chief executives in Latin America and Europe over the last four decades, Weyland reveals that populist leaders can only destroy democracy under special, restrictive conditions. Left-wing populists suffocate democracy only when benefitting from huge revenue windfalls, whereas right-wing populists must perform the heroic feat of resolving acute, severe crises. Because many populist chief executives do not face these propitious conditions, Weyland proves that despite populism's threat, democracy remains resilient.

Realm of Lesser Evil

Author : Jean-Claude Michea
Publisher : Polity
ISBN 13 : 0745646204
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Realm of Lesser Evil by : Jean-Claude Michea

Download or read book Realm of Lesser Evil written by Jean-Claude Michea and published by Polity. This book was released on 2009-07-27 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winston Churchill said of democracy that it was ‘the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.’ The same could be said of liberalism. While liberalism displays an unfailing optimism with regard to the capacity of human beings to make themselves ‘masters and possessors of nature’, it displays a profound pessimism when it comes to appreciating their moral capacity to build a decent world for themselves. As Michea shows, the roots of this pessimism lie in the idea – an eminently modern one – that the desire to establish the reign of the Good lies at the origin of all the ills besetting the human race. Liberalism’s critique of the ‘tyranny of the Good’ naturally had its costs. It created a view of modern politics as a purely negative art – that of defining the least bad society possible. It is in this sense that liberalism has to be understood, and understands itself, as the ‘politics of lesser evil’. And yet while liberalism set out to be a realism without illusions, today liberalism presents itself as something else. With its celebration of the market among other things, contemporary liberalism has taken over some of the features of its oldest enemy. By unravelling the logic that lies at the heart of the liberal project, Michea is able to shed fresh light on one of the key ideas that have shaped the civilization of the West.

How Fighting Ends

Author : Holger Afflerbach
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199693625
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis How Fighting Ends by : Holger Afflerbach

Download or read book How Fighting Ends written by Holger Afflerbach and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2012-07-26 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of surrender is one of the most neglected in the history of war, and yet it is vital to understanding not only how wars end but also how they are contained. This is a book with a chronological sweep that runs from the Stone Age to the present day, written by a team of truly distinguished scholars.

The People and the Nation

Author : Reinhard Heinisch
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351265547
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

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Book Synopsis The People and the Nation by : Reinhard Heinisch

Download or read book The People and the Nation written by Reinhard Heinisch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The edited book brings together country experts on populism, ethno-territorial politics, and party competition. It consists of twelve empirical chapters, covering seven Western European states (Austria, Belgium, France, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, and the UK) as well as four Central European states (Croatia, Hungary, Serbia, and Poland). It is a collaboration by scholars from across Europe which contributes to the growing literature on populism by focusing on a relatively unexplored research agenda: the intersection of territoriality, ethno-politics, and populism. Presenting an original perspective contributing experts use case studies to highlight the territorial dimension of populism in different ways and identify that a deeper understanding of the interactions between populist actors and ethno-territorial ideologies is required. This book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and students of European politics, populism, and ethno-territorial politics.

Through Bosnian Eyes

Author : Mirko Pejanović
Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781557533593
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (335 download)

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Book Synopsis Through Bosnian Eyes by : Mirko Pejanović

Download or read book Through Bosnian Eyes written by Mirko Pejanović and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concurrent with the dawn of multiparty politics in 1990, Mirko Pejanovic emerged in Bosnia-Herzegovina as the leader of the Socialist Alliance. His organization was in charge of implementing policies of the League of Communists. This memoir, beginning in 1990, tells the story of his experiences as a public and political leader. Through Bosnian Eyes covers a decade of Pejanovic's service. His role in public life was characterized by an unwavering commitment to national equality and strong convictions regarding the nature of a multiethnic Bosnia-Herzegovina. As a participant in the most important political events of the time, and as a colleague of every major political leader, the author conveys a personal history that is memorable for its insights into the neglected world of Serbs who remained loyal to the nation in trying times.

Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century

Author : Günter Bischof
Publisher : StudienVerlag
ISBN 13 : 3706557274
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (65 download)

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Book Synopsis Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century by : Günter Bischof

Download or read book Relationships/Beziehungsgeschichten. Austria and the United States in the Twentieth Century written by Günter Bischof and published by StudienVerlag. This book was released on 2014-04-28 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the breakup of the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian-American relationship was characterized by a dwarf confronting a giant. America continued to be a heaven for a better life for many Austrian emigrants. For the growing American preponderant position in the world after World War I, the small Austrian Republic was insignificant. And yet there were times when Austria mattered geopolitically. During the post-World War II occupation of Austria, the U.S. helped reconstruct Austria economically and was the biggest champion of its independence. During the Cold War, the U.S. frequently used Austria as a mediator site of summit meetings. American mass production models, consumerism, and popular culture were adopted by Austrian youth. Americanization and American preponderance also produced anti-Americanism. With the end of the Cold War and Austria's accession to the European Union it once again lost significance for Washington's geopolitics.

The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe

Author : Richard Ned Lebow
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822388332
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

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Book Synopsis The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe by : Richard Ned Lebow

Download or read book The Politics of Memory in Postwar Europe written by Richard Ned Lebow and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-20 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For sixty years, different groups in Europe have put forth interpretations of World War II and their respective countries’ roles in it consistent with their own political and psychological needs. The conflict over the past has played out in diverse arenas, including film, memoirs, court cases, and textbooks. It has had profound implications for democratization and relations between neighboring countries. This collection provides a comparative case study of how memories of World War II have been constructed and revised in seven European nations: France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Italy, and the USSR (Russia). The contributors include scholars of history, literature, political science, psychology, and sociology. Country by country, they bring to the fore the specifics of each nation’s postwar memories in essays commissioned especially for this volume. The use of similar analytical categories facilitates comparisons. An extensive introduction contains reflections on the significance of Europeans’ memories of World War II and a conclusion provides an analysis of the implications of the contributors’ findings for memory studies. These two pieces tease out some of the findings common to all seven countries: for instance, in each nation, the decade and a half between the late 1960s and the mid-1980s was the period of most profound change in the politics of memory. At the same time, the contributors demonstrate that Europeans understand World War II primarily through national frames of reference, which are surprisingly varied. Memories of the war have important ramifications for the democratization of Central and Eastern Europe and the consolidation of the European Union. This volume clarifies how those memories are formed and institutionalized. Contributors. Claudio Fogu, Richard J. Golsan, Wulf Kansteiner, Richard Ned Lebow, Regula Ludi, Annamaria Orla-Bukowska, Heidemarie Uhl, Thomas C. Wolfe