Tourism Employment

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Author :
Publisher : Channel View Publications
ISBN 13 : 1873150318
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (731 download)

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Book Synopsis Tourism Employment by : Michael Riley

Download or read book Tourism Employment written by Michael Riley and published by Channel View Publications. This book was released on 2002-02-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to understand tourism employment in a holistic way. Using ideas from labour economics, work psychology and industrial sociology the authors look at tourism employment in both its workplace context and its wider economic and social environment and attempt to tell a coherent story. Both behavioural and economic perspectives are used to address questions that are salient to manpower planning, education planning and tourism management. By examining the diversity and commonality within occupations against the background of a dynamic labour market the text develops themes that contribute to our understanding of the behaviour of workers and managers in the industry.

Gendering Post-Soviet Space

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811593582
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Gendering Post-Soviet Space by : Tatiana Karabchuk

Download or read book Gendering Post-Soviet Space written by Tatiana Karabchuk and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume combines approaches from three disciplines – economics, sociology, and demography – and empirically analyzes the key aspects of the labor market and social demography processes in post-Soviet transitional societies while focusing on the gender perspective. Here, readers will find empirical studies on such countries as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The volume contributes to the literature by addressing the lack of academic empirical research on gender difference issues in the labor markets of post-Soviet countries as well as gender inequalities in fertility preferences, gender disparities among the youth and elderly, the gender pay gap, gender differences in employment, and female voices. The book brings together researchers of different disciplines from a variety of countries, distinguishing this project as international and interdisciplinary. The authors use the quantitative survey micro-data approach as well as the qualitative methods of interview data analysis to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the economic and social developments in the region regarding gender differences. The volume consists of three parts tackling the following topics: 1) gender differences and demography (family formation and fertility, youth and elderly employment); 2) gender differences and labor market (gender wage gap, motherhood wage penalty, gender differences among freelancers, and women in STEM science); and 3) gender differences, well-being, and gender equality attitudes (women’s voices, women’s collective actions, gender equality attitudes, and spending patterns of housewives).

The Economics of Artificial Intelligence

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Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226833127
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economics of Artificial Intelligence by : Ajay Agrawal

Download or read book The Economics of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.

Women and the Economy

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Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1352012014
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Women and the Economy by : Saul D. Hoffman

Download or read book Women and the Economy written by Saul D. Hoffman and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of the enormous changes in women's economic lives around the world, from the family to the labour market. Hoffman and Averett examine topics such as the effect of rising women's wages and improved labour market opportunities on marriage, the ways in which more reliable contraception has shaped women's adult lives and careers, and the forces behind the phenomenal rise in women's labour force activity. This fourth edition includes brand new chapters on gender in economics and race and gender in the USA. It incorporates the latest research findings throughout, many of which are featured in helpful call-out boxes, and illustrated with new graphs and figures. This is invaluable reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students of economics, development and women's studies. The level of economic analysis is suitable for students with basic economics knowledge. New to this Edition: - New chapters on gender in economics and race and gender in economics - Fully updated with new data, policy examples and a new companion website with lecturer resources - Increased pedagogy, with over 30 new boxes

Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813369043
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China by : Xinxin Ma

Download or read book Female Employment and Gender Gaps in China written by Xinxin Ma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book investigates female employment and the gender gap in the labor market and households during China’s economic transition period. It provides the reader with academic evidence for understanding the mechanism of female labor force participation, the determinants of the gender gap in the labor market, and the impact of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment in China from an economics perspective. The main content of this book includes three parts―women’s family responsibilities and women’s labor supply (child care, parent care, and women’s employment), the gender gap in the labor market and society (gender gaps in wages, Communist Party membership, and participation in social activity), and the impacts of policy transformation on women’s wages and employment (the social security system and the educational expansion policy on women’s wages and employment) in China. This book provides academic evidence about these issues based on economics theories and econometric analysis methods using many kinds of long-term Chinese national survey data. This book is highly recommended to readers who are interested in up-to-date and in-depth empirical studies of the gender gap and women’s employment in China during the economic transition period. This book is of interest to various groups such as readers who are interested in the Chinese economy, policymakers, and scholars with econometric analysis backgrounds.

Global Wage Report 2018/19

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789220313466
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Wage Report 2018/19 by : International Labour Office

Download or read book Global Wage Report 2018/19 written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2018/19 edition analyses the gender pay gap. The report focuses on two main challenges: how to find the most useful means for measurement, and how to break down the gender pay gap in ways that best inform policy-makers and social partners of the factors that underlie it. The report also includes a review of key policy issues regarding wages and the reduction of gender pay gaps in different national circumstances.

The Declining Significance of Gender?

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Author :
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610440625
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Declining Significance of Gender? by : Francine D. Blau

Download or read book The Declining Significance of Gender? written by Francine D. Blau and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last half-century has witnessed substantial change in the opportunities and rewards available to men and women in the workplace. While the gender pay gap narrowed and female labor force participation rose dramatically in recent decades, some dimensions of gender inequality—most notably the division of labor in the family—have been more resistant to change, or have changed more slowly in recent years than in the past. These trends suggest that one of two possible futures could lie ahead: an optimistic scenario in which gender inequalities continue to erode, or a pessimistic scenario where contemporary institutional arrangements persevere and the gender revolution stalls. In The Declining Significance of Gender?, editors Francine Blau, Mary Brinton, and David Grusky bring together top gender scholars in sociology and economics to make sense of the recent changes in gender inequality, and to judge whether the optimistic or pessimistic view better depicts the prospects and bottlenecks that lie ahead. It examines the economic, organizational, political, and cultural forces that have changed the status of women and men in the labor market. The contributors examine the economic assumption that discrimination in hiring is economically inefficient and will be weeded out eventually by market competition. They explore the effect that family-family organizational policies have had in drawing women into the workplace and giving them even footing in the organizational hierarchy. Several chapters ask whether political interventions might reduce or increase gender inequality, and others discuss whether a social ethos favoring egalitarianism is working to overcome generations of discriminatory treatment against women. Although there is much rhetoric about the future of gender inequality, The Declining Significance of Gender? provides a sustained attempt to consider analytically the forces that are shaping the gender revolution. Its wide-ranging analysis of contemporary gender disparities will stimulate readers to think more deeply and in new ways about the extent to which gender remains a major fault line of inequality.

The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878266
Total Pages : 889 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy by : Susan L. Averett

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy written by Susan L. Averett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 889 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transformation of women's lives over the past century is among the most significant and far-reaching of social and economic phenomena, affecting not only women but also their partners, children, and indeed nearly every person on the planet. In developed and developing countries alike, women are acquiring more education, marrying later, having fewer children, and spending a far greater amount of their adult lives in the labor force. Yet, because women remain the primary caregivers of children, issues such as work-life balance and the glass ceiling have given rise to critical policy discussions in the developed world. In developing countries, many women lack access to reproductive technology and are often relegated to jobs in the informal sector, where pay is variable and job security is weak. Considerable occupational segregation and stubborn gender pay gaps persist around the world. The Oxford Handbook of Women and the Economy is the first comprehensive collection of scholarly essays to address these issues using the powerful framework of economics. Each chapter, written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts, reviews the key trends, surveys the relevant economic theory, and summarizes and critiques the empirical research literature. By providing a clear-eyed view of what we know, what we do not know, and what the critical unanswered questions are, this Handbook provides an invaluable and wide-ranging examination of the many changes that have occurred in women's economic lives.

GovTech Maturity Index

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464817650
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis GovTech Maturity Index by : Cem Dener

Download or read book GovTech Maturity Index written by Cem Dener and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-29 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments have been using technology to modernize the public sector for decades. The World Bank Group (WBG) has been a partner in this process, providing both financing and technical assistance to facilitate countries’ digital transformation journeys since the 1980s. The WBG launched the GovTech Initiative in 2019 to support the latest generation of these reforms. Over the past five years, developing countries have increasingly requested WBG support to design even more advanced digital transformation programs. These programs will help to increase government efficiency and improve the access to and the quality of service delivery, provide more government-to-citizen and government-to-business communications, enhance transparency and reduce corruption, improve governance and oversight, and modernize core government operations. The GovTech Initiative appropriately responds to this growing demand. The GovTech Maturity Index (GTMI) measures the key aspects of four GovTech focus areas—supporting core government systems, enhancing service delivery, mainstreaming citizen engagement, and fostering GovTech enablers—and assists advisers and practitioners in the design of new digital transformation projects. Constructed for 198 economies using consistent data sources, the GTMI is the most comprehensive measure of digital transformation in the public sector. Several similar indices and indicators are available in the public domain to measure aspects of digital government—including the United Nations e-Government Development Index, the WBG’s Digital Adoption Index, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Digital Government Index. These indices, however, do not fully capture the aspects of emphasis in the GovTech approach—the whole-of-government approach and citizen centricity—as key when assessing the use of digital solutions for public sector modernization. The GTMI is not intended to be an assessment of readiness or performance; rather, it is intended to complement the existing tools and diagnostics by providing a baseline and a benchmark for GovTech maturity and by offering insights to those areas that have room for improvement. The GTMI is designed to be used by practitioners, policy makers, and task teams involved in the design of digital transformation strategies and individual projects, as well as by those who seek to understand their own practices and learn from those of others.

The Egyptian Labor Market

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780192663795
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis The Egyptian Labor Market by : Caroline Krafft

Download or read book The Egyptian Labor Market written by Caroline Krafft and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Egyptian economy has faced tough challenges since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings. This book examines the plight of Egypt's most vulnerable groups by focusing on the intersection of gender and economic vulnerability in the labor market, exploring issues such as job access, wage inequality, food security, health status, and many others.

Statistical Learning with Sparsity

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498712177
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Learning with Sparsity by : Trevor Hastie

Download or read book Statistical Learning with Sparsity written by Trevor Hastie and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover New Methods for Dealing with High-Dimensional DataA sparse statistical model has only a small number of nonzero parameters or weights; therefore, it is much easier to estimate and interpret than a dense model. Statistical Learning with Sparsity: The Lasso and Generalizations presents methods that exploit sparsity to help recover the underl

Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 by : John Enrico DiNardo

Download or read book Labor Market Institutions and the Distribution of Wages, 1973-1992 written by John Enrico DiNardo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents a semiparametric procedure to analyze the effects of institutional and labor market factors on recent changes in the U.S. distribution of wages. The effects of these factors are estimated by applying kernel density methods to appropriately 'reweighted' samples. The procedure provides a visually clear representation of where in the density of wages these various factors exert the greatest impact. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we find, as in previous research, that de-unionization and supply and demand shocks were important factors in explaining the rise in wage inequality from 1979 to 1988. We find also compelling visual and quantitative evidence that the decline in the real value of the minimum wage explains a substantial proportion of this increase in wage inequality, particularly for women. We conclude that labor market institutions are as important as supply and demand considerations in explaining changes in the U.S. distribution of wages from 1979 to 1988.

Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment

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Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498303749
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment by : Mariya Brussevich

Download or read book Is Technology Widening the Gender Gap? Automation and the Future of Female Employment written by Mariya Brussevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-06 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using individual level data on task composition at work for 30 advanced and emerging economies, we find that women, on average, perform more routine tasks than men?tasks that are more prone to automation. To quantify the impact on jobs, we relate data on task composition at work to occupation level estimates of probability of automation, controlling for a rich set of individual characteristics (e.g., education, age, literacy and numeracy skills). Our results indicate that female workers are at a significantly higher risk for displacement by automation than male workers, with 11 percent of the female workforce at high risk of being automated given the current state of technology, albeit with significant cross-country heterogeneity. The probability of automation is lower for younger cohorts of women, and for those in managerial positions.

Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship

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Author :
Publisher : Now Publishers Inc
ISBN 13 : 1601983026
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship by : Maria Minniti

Download or read book Gender Issues in Entrepreneurship written by Maria Minniti and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2009 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship is a human universal. All over the world, and throughout history, people have created businesses. Yet, although women make up more than 50 percent of the world population, they own and manage significantly fewer businesses than men. Venture types and management styles vary across genders as well. Women entrepreneurship presents several distinctive characteristics that differentiate it from men entrepreneurship. But variations exist also across women entrepreneurs in various countries, and between women who are involved in entrepreneurship and those who are not. Overall, the explanation for the behavior of women entrepreneurs and its distinctiveness is complex and multifaceted. Evidence to date suggests that reasons contributing to explaining these differences include demographic and socio-economic variables, subjective perceptions, and cultural factors and institutions, and that such differences have significant implications at the macro-economic level. Studying female entrepreneurship allows researchers to ask questions that shed light on the linkages between entrepreneurship and wealth creation, employment choices and cognition, human capital accumulation and labor market structure, employment choice and family dynamics, business creation and peace, and many others. From a scientific point of view, the study of female entrepreneurship as a distinct area of inquiry informs us not only about women behavior, but also about entrepreneurial and human behaviors in general. All over the world, female entrepreneurship has become an important component of academic and policy conversations around entrepreneurship. Still, there is much we don't yet understand. Taking stock of what has been learned so far, identifying the main gaps, and encourage scholars to push the frontier of knowledge in this area further are the goals of this work.

Overeducation in Europe

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781781957523
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (575 download)

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Book Synopsis Overeducation in Europe by : the late Felix Büchel

Download or read book Overeducation in Europe written by the late Felix Büchel and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overeducation is one of the most important mechanisms for labor market adjustment when there is an excess supply of high-skilled workers. However, there is much debate about the consequences of this phenomena and the short and long term effects for both the overeducated worker and the economy as a whole. This book contributes to our understanding of recent developments in the research on overeducation by providing a detailed overview of the pertinent theoretical and policy issues."

High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms

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Author :
Publisher : Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche et développement en économique
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms by : John M. Abowd

Download or read book High Wage Workers and High Wage Firms written by John M. Abowd and published by Université de Montréal, Centre de recherche et développement en économique. This book was released on 1994 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study a longitudinal sample of over one million French workers and over 500,000 employing firms. Real total annual compensation per worker is decomposed into components related to observable characteristics, worker heterogeneity, firm heterogeneity and residual variation. Except for the residual, all components may be correlated in an arbitrary fashion. At the level of the individual, we find that person-effects, especially those not related to observables like education, are the most important source of wage variation in France. Firm-effects, while important, are not as important as person-effects. At the level of firms, we find that enterprises that hire high-wage workers are more productive but not more profitable. They are also more capital and high-skilled employee intensive. Enterprises that pay higher wages, controlling for person-effects, are more productive and more profitable. They are also more capital intensive but are not more high-skilled labor intensive. We also find that person-effects explain 92% of inter-industry wage differentials.

Monotone Instrumental Variables with an Application to the Returns to Schooling

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (321 download)

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Book Synopsis Monotone Instrumental Variables with an Application to the Returns to Schooling by : Charles F. Manski

Download or read book Monotone Instrumental Variables with an Application to the Returns to Schooling written by Charles F. Manski and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Econometric analyses of treatment response commonly use instrumental variable (IV) assumptions to identify treatment effects. Yet the credibility of IV assumptions is often a matter of considerable disagreement, with much debate about whether some covariate is or is not a "valid instrument" in an application of interest. There is therefore good reason to consider weaker but more credible assumptions. assumptions. To this end, we introduce monotone instrumental variable (MIV) A particularly interesting special case of an MIV assumption is monotone treatment selection (MTS). IV and MIV assumptions may be imposed alone or in combination with other assumptions. We study the identifying power of MIV assumptions in three informational settings: MIV alone; MIV combined with the classical linear response assumption; MIV combined with the monotone treatment response (MTR) assumption. We apply the results to the problem of inference on the returns to schooling. We analyze wage data reported by white male respondents to the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) and use the respondent's AFQT score as an MIV. We find that this MIV assumption has little identifying power when imposed alone. However combining the MIV assumption with the MTR and MTS assumptions yields fairly tight bounds on two distinct measures of the returns to schooling.