Dealing With Child Victims Of Trafficking And Commercial Sexual Exploitation

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Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309286581
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-11-12 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States.

Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309304894
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by Institute of Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The content of this guide was derived from the original report as an abridged version for providers of victim and support services"--Title page verso.

Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030930492X
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-06-20 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States are frequently overlooked, misunderstood, and unaddressed domestic problems. In the past decade, they have received increasing attention from advocates, the media, academics, and policy makers. However, much of this attention has focused internationally. This international focus has overshadowed the reality that commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors also occur every day within the United States. Commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors not only are illegal activities, but also result in immediate and long-term physical, mental, and emotional harm to victims and survivors. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solving them unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors and all but ensures that these crimes will remain marginalized and misunderstood. The 2013 Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States increases awareness and understanding of the crucial problem of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. By examining emerging strategies for preventing and identifying these crimes, for assisting and supporting victims and survivors, and for addressing exploiters and traffickers, that report offers a path forward through recommendations designed to increase awareness and understanding and to support efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States: A Guide for Providers of Victim and Support Services offers a more concise and focused perspective on the problem and emerging solutions for providers of victim and support services for children and adolescents. These service providers include policy makers, leaders, practitioners, organizations, and programs at the local, state, and federal levels. This guide will be a valuable resource for them, and for child welfare and child protective services, other agencies and programs within the state and federal governments (e.g., the U.S. Department of Justice's Office for Victims of Crime), and nongovernmental organizations.

Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Author : Lara B. Gerassi, PhD, LCSW
Publisher : Springer Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 0826149758
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (261 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation by : Lara B. Gerassi, PhD, LCSW

Download or read book Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation written by Lara B. Gerassi, PhD, LCSW and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive text to critically analyze the current research and best practices for working with children, adolescents, and adults involved in sex trafficking and commercial sexual exploitation (CSE). With a unique, research-based focus on practice, the book synthesizes the key areas related to working with victims of sex trafficking/ CSE including prevention, identification, practice techniques, and program design as well as suggested interagency, criminal justice, and legislative responses. Best practices are examined through an intersectional, trauma-informed lens that adheres to principles of cultural competency. Highlights include: Integrates a trauma informed lens in practice, program design, and interagency responses. Uses an intersectional approach to examine identity-based oppression such as race, class, sex, LGBTQ identities, age, immigrant status, and intellectual disabilities. Highlights the importance of cultural competency in practice and program design, prevention and outreach efforts, and interagency and criminal justice system responses. Reviews the different types of sex trafficking and CSE, the physiological and psychological effects, various risk factors, and the distinct needs of survivors to encourage practitioners to tailor interventions to the specific needs of each client. Examines the role of social workers and practitioners in interagency, legislative, and criminal justice responses to sex trafficking. Takes a broad societal perspective by examining the role of macro-level risk factors facilitating sex trafficking victimization. The book analyzes the commonly reported indicators of sex trafficking/CSE, how to conduct a screening with potential victims, and direct practice techniques with various populations including evidence-based trauma treatments. Other chapters guide the reader in implementing trauma-informed programming in a variety of organizational settings, advocating for sex trafficking and CSE survivors within the criminal justice system, and implementing effective prevention and outreach programs in schools and community organizations. Intended as a text for upper division courses on sex or human trafficking, interventions with women, trauma interventions, violence against women, or gender and crime taught in social work, psychology, counseling, and criminal justice, this book is also an ideal resource for practitioners working with victims of sex trafficking and CSE in a variety of settings including child protective services, the criminal justice system, healthcare, schools, and more.

Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

Author : Brandy Bang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319018787
Total Pages : 57 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children by : Brandy Bang

Download or read book Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children written by Brandy Bang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-14 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The commercial exploitation of children is a global crisis (Rahman, 2011; Svensson, 2006). However, media outlets and sociological researchers have successfully situated the problem as a primarily Asian, South American, or Eastern European concern. In the process, the exploitation of children in the United States has largely been ignored. The continued trafficking of international youth into this country, coupled with the growing rate at which American born children are targeted by interstate sex traffickers, speaks to the urgency with which the domestic exploitation of children must be addressed (Walker-Rodriguez & Hill, 2011). In fact, research suggests that an average of 250,000 American children and adolescents are at risk of commercial exploitation each year (Estes & Weiner, 2001). Further, there are indications that current data vastly underestimate the actual numbers of vulnerable and victimized youth (Chase & Statham, 2005). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2007), no systematic efforts have been made to examine the commercial exploitation of children in this country. The low visibilities of the crime, combined with the inherent vulnerability of the victims, have facilitated the continued victimization of these children. The purpose of this book is to provide a critical analysis of the domestic, commercial exploitation of children. A careful explanation of the differing forms of commercial exploitation of children, victim and offender characteristics, and the mechanisms which maintain the problem will assist health care providers, researchers, and law enforcement in their efforts with this marginalized and understudied population. The authors begin with a comprehensive review of extant literature in this area. Additionally, case studies of child sexual exploitation are included to further illustrate the severity, complexity, and depravity of commercial exploitation in real life cases.

Social Work Practice with Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation

Author : Andrea J. Nichols
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231543360
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Work Practice with Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation by : Andrea J. Nichols

Download or read book Social Work Practice with Survivors of Sex Trafficking and Commercial Sexual Exploitation written by Andrea J. Nichols and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As awareness and identification of sex trafficking and exploitation have grown, so has the need for improved social work responses. In this volume, expert practitioners, survivors, and researchers model the best practices for working with this population, using case examples and illustrative guides. Chapters cover the common challenges of working with trafficked and exploited people and how to overcome them, including topics like runaway youth, trauma-bonds, system-level challenges, and resource scarcity. Intended as a teaching tool for students or a supplementary manual for organizations, this book emphasizes interventions and treatments, working with specific populations, programmatic design recommendations, preventative work, and outreach interventions. Researchers, students, and practitioners will find a comprehensive guide to the emerging field of practice with sex trafficking and exploitation survivors.

The Legacy of Racism for Children

Author : Margaret C. Stevenson
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190056746
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis The Legacy of Racism for Children by : Margaret C. Stevenson

Download or read book The Legacy of Racism for Children written by Margaret C. Stevenson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Legacy of Racism for Children: Psychology, Law, and Public Policy is the first volume to review the intersecting implications of psychology, public policy, and law with the goal of understanding and ending the challenges facing racial minority youth in America today. Proceeding roughly from causes to consequences - from early life experiences to adolescent and teen experiences - each chapter focuses on a different domain, explains the laws and policies that create or exacerbate racial disparity in that domain, reviews relevant psychological research and its implications for those laws or policies, and calls for next steps. Chapter authors examine how race and ethnicity intersect with child maltreatment (including child sex trafficking, corporal punishment, and memory for and disclosures of abuse), child dependency court decisions, custody and adoption, familial incarceration, the "school to prison pipeline," police/youth interactions, jurors' perceptions of child and adolescent victims and defendants, and U.S. immigration law and policy"--

Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309293235
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (932 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States."--Publisher's description.

Child Exploitation and Trafficking

Author : Virginia M. Kendall
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1442209828
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Child Exploitation and Trafficking by : Virginia M. Kendall

Download or read book Child Exploitation and Trafficking written by Virginia M. Kendall and published by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. This book was released on 2011-12-16 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year, more than two million children around the world fall victim to commercial sexual exploitation. The numbers of children sexually abused for non-commercial purposes are even higher. Put simply, the growing, increasingly-organized epidemic of child exploitation demands a coordinated response. The aim of this book is to bring some fresh thinking to this complicated area of the law, and to help erase some of its counterproductive mythology. The book provides the first comprehensive, practical introduction to the history and present-day reality of child sexual exploitation, as well as to the interconnected web of domestic and transnational federal laws and law enforcement efforts launched in response thereto. It is written from the distinctive perspective of those who have spent their careers in the trenches investigating, prosecuting, and adjudicating these intricate and commonly emotional cases. Relying on real-world examples, the authors offer proscriptive and descriptive practical advice and reform proposals aimed at those involved at all levels in this difficult area. Serving as a “first-line” resource for clear, practical thinking on the range of complex, and often misunderstood, investigative, prosecutorial, and rehabilitative issues surrounding child exploitation cases, this work is a must-have for anyone with interest in the protection of children from sexual exploitation and trafficking.

Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309313430
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : National Research Council

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. These are not only illegal activities, but also forms of violence and abuse that result in immediate and long-term physical, mental, and emotional harm to victims and survivors. In 2013, the Institute of Medicine/National Research Council released the report Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States. The report found that the United States is in the very early stages of recognizing, understanding, and developing solutions for these crimes. Law enforcement professionals, attorneys, and judges all have important roles to play in responding to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States. Their knowledge and ability to identify victims, investigate cases, and make appropriate referrals is crucial to the development of an overall response to these crimes. This Guide for the Legal Sector provides a summary of information from the original report that is most relevant to individuals within the legal sector who interact in some way with victims, survivors, and perpetrators of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors. This includes federal, state, county, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies; police officers and investigators; probation officers; parole officers; corrections officers; prosecutors and defense attorneys; victim advocates; and judges. This guide includes definitions of key terms and an overview of risk factors and consequences; noteworthy examples of efforts by law enforcement personnel, attorneys, the juvenile and criminal justice systems, and the judiciary; multisector and interagency efforts in which the legal sector plays an important role; and recommendations aimed at identifying, preventing, and responding to these crimes.

Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States

Author : Kristin M. Finklea
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437988903
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States by : Kristin M. Finklea

Download or read book Sex Trafficking of Children in the United States written by Kristin M. Finklea and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2012-10-07 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Author : Stephen Palmer, Michael J. Scott
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 9781446236185
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder by : Stephen Palmer, Michael J. Scott

Download or read book Trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder written by Stephen Palmer, Michael J. Scott and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2003-10-22 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive reader in a new area of counselling. It brings together well-known authors on traumatic stress responses and good counselling practice, as well as new material specifically written in order to fill gaps in current published sources. The authors cover an extensive range of methods for helping people, including videotaping, brief group counselling, expressive art, and information on helping the helpers.

Preventing Child Trafficking

Author : Jonathan Todres
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421433028
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Child Trafficking by : Jonathan Todres

Download or read book Preventing Child Trafficking written by Jonathan Todres and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can a public health approach advance efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to child trafficking? Child trafficking is widely recognized as one of the critical issues of our day, prompting calls to action at the global, national, and local levels. Yet it is unclear whether the strategies and tools used to counter this exploitation—most of which involve law enforcement and social services—have actually reduced the prevalence of trafficking. In Preventing Child Trafficking, Jonathan Todres and Angela Diaz explore how the public health field can play a comprehensive, integrated role in preventing, identifying, and responding to child trafficking. Describing the depth and breadth of trafficking's impact on children while exploring the limitations in current responses, Todres and Diaz argue that public health frameworks offer important insights into the problem, with detailed chapters on how professionals and organizations can identify and respond effectively to at-risk and trafficked children. Drawing on the authors' years of experience working on this issue—Diaz is a doctor at a frontline medical center serving at-risk youth, victims, and survivors; Todres is a legal expert on legislative and policy initiatives to address child trafficking—the book maps out a public health approach to child trafficking, the role of the health care sector, and the prospects for building a comprehensive response. Providing readers with advice geared toward better understanding trafficking's root causes, this revelatory book concludes by mapping out a "public health toolkit" that can be used by anyone who is interested in preventing child trafficking, from policymakers to professionals who work with children.

Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States

Author : Institute of Medicine (États-Unis)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309313407
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States by : Institute of Medicine (États-Unis)

Download or read book Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States written by Institute of Medicine (États-Unis) and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Every day in the United States, children and adolescents are victims of commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking. Despite the serious and long-term consequences for victims as well as their families, communities, and society, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes are largely under supported, inefficient, uncoordinated, and unevaluated. Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States examines commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents of the United States under age 18. According to this report, efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to these crimes require better collaborative approaches that build upon the capabilities of people and entities from a range of sectors. In addition, such efforts need to confront demand and the individuals who commit and benefit from these crimes. The report recommends increased awareness and understanding, strengthening of the law's response, strengthening of research to advance understanding and to support the development of prevention and intervention strategies, support for multi-sector and interagency collaboration, and creation of a digital information-sharing platform. A nation that is unaware of these problems or disengaged from solutions unwittingly contributes to the ongoing abuse of minors. If acted upon in a coordinated and comprehensive manner, the recommendations of Confronting Commercial Sexual Exploitation and Sex Trafficking of Minors in the United States can help advance and strengthen the nation's emerging efforts to prevent, identify, and respond to commercial sexual exploitation and sex trafficking of minors in the United States."--Publisher's description.

Combating Trafficking in Persons

Author :
Publisher : United Nations Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)

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Book Synopsis Combating Trafficking in Persons by :

Download or read book Combating Trafficking in Persons written by and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giver et overblik over de internationale traktater om menneskehandel og beskriver best practice om bekæmpelse heraf

The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

Author : Helena Karlén
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789172234475
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (344 download)

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Book Synopsis The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children by : Helena Karlén

Download or read book The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children written by Helena Karlén and published by . This book was released on 2011-05-24 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A global sex trade is ongoing where the bodies of children are sold and bought like any merchandise. Millions of children are victims. The demand for sex with children is the main driving force in this cynical and lucrative trade. In industrialised countries the situation is often perceived as `a problem that exists somewhere else¿, i e in the developing world or as something that does not concern us. Even though there are still many more facts and figures needed, we have enough information and awareness to create change for the millions of children that are used as commodities in commercial sexual exploitation, i e in child sex tourism, child pornography and trafficking of minors for sexual purposes.

Effects of Federal Legislation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children

Author : William Adams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 11 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Federal Legislation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children by : William Adams

Download or read book Effects of Federal Legislation on the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children written by William Adams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, estimates suggest that as many as 300,000 children may become victims of commercial sexual exploitation each year (Estes and Weiner, 2001). This bulletin describes the findings of a study that the Urban Institute conducted to examine the effects of the passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) on the federal prosecution of commercial sexual exploitation of children (CSEC) cases. It discusses U.S. enforcement of TVPA and succeeding laws enacted to strengthen penalties against CSEC, describes features of successful prosecutions, and examines how the legislation has affected court penalties and service providers. The authors also discuss recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who work with children and youth who have been the victims of commercial sexual exploitation. The 1996 Declaration and Agenda for Action for the First World Congress Against the Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children provided the first working definition of the commercial sexual exploitation of children and youth: [CSEC] comprises sexual abuse by the adult and remuneration in cash or kind to the child or a third person or persons. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. The commercial sexual exploitation of children constitutes a form of coercion and violence against children, and amounts to forced labour and a contemporary form of slavery. TVPA (Public Law 106-386) is considered to be the seminal piece of U.S. legislation in the fight against CSEC. As the first comprehensive law to combat human trafficking, TVPA criminalizes human trafficking on a federal level. Section 112 of TVPA states that sex trafficking of children involves a commercial sex act in which the victim is younger than 18 years old. Traffickers who exploit children younger than age 14 for the purposes of a commercial sex act can be sentenced to up to life in prison (18 U.S.C. 1591(b)(1)). If the victim is between 14 and 18 years old, the trafficker is eligible for as much as 20 years in prison under TVPA (18 U.S.C. 1591(b)(2)); subsequent federal legislation has increased this penalty to life imprisonment (pursuant to the Adam Walsh Act of 2006).