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Dangerous Diagnostics
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Book Synopsis Dangerous Diagnostics by : Dorothy Nelkin
Download or read book Dangerous Diagnostics written by Dorothy Nelkin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1994-03 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of the pervasiveness of diagnostic testing and the potential it offers institutions to classify, categorize and ultimately control individuals. The ethical, social and legal implications of technologies that can lead to new forms of discrimination are also included.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309377722 Total Pages :473 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Improving Diagnosis in Health Care by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Improving Diagnosis in Health Care written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€"has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
Book Synopsis Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics by : John A. Swets
Download or read book Signal Detection Theory and ROC Analysis in Psychology and Diagnostics written by John A. Swets and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-02-25 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal detection theory--as developed in electrical engineering and based on statistical decision theory--was first applied to human sensory discrimination 40 years ago. The theoretical intent was to provide a valid model of the discrimination process; the methodological intent was to provide reliable measures of discrimination acuity in specific sensory tasks. An analytic method of detection theory, called the relative operating characteristic (ROC), can isolate the effect of the placement of the decision criterion, which may be variable and idiosyncratic, so that a pure measure of intrinsic discrimination acuity is obtained. For the past 20 years, ROC analysis has also been used to measure the discrimination acuity or inherent accuracy of a broad range of practical diagnostic systems. It was widely adopted by methodologists in the field of information retrieval, is increasingly used in weather forecasting, and is the generally preferred method in clinical medicine, primarily in radiology. This book attends to both themes, ROC analysis in the psychology laboratory and in practical diagnostic settings, and to their essential unity. The focus of this book is on detection and recognition as fundamental tasks that underlie most complex behaviors. As defined here, they serve to distinguish between two alternative, confusable stimulus categories, which may be perceptual or cognitive categories in the psychology laboratory, or different states of the world in practical diagnostic tasks. This book on signal detection theory in psychology was written by one of the developers of the theory, who co-authored with D.M. Green the classic work published in this area in 1966 (reprinted in 1974 and 1988). This volume reviews the history of the theory in engineering, statistics, and psychology, leading to the separate measurement of the two independent factors in all discrimination tasks, discrimination acuity and decision criterion. It extends the previous book to show how in several areas of psychology--in vigilance and memory--what had been thought to be discrimination effects were, in reality, effects of a changing criterion. The book shows that data plotted in terms of the relative operating characteristic have essentially the same form across the wide range of discrimination tasks in psychology. It develops the implications of this ROC form for measures of discrimination acuity, pointing up the valid ones and identifying several common, but invalid, ones. The area under the binormal ROC is seen to be supported by the data; the popular measures d' and percent correct are not. An appendix describes the best, current programs for fitting ROCs and estimating their parameters, indices, and standard errors. The application of ROC analysis to diagnostic tasks is also described. Diagnostic accuracy in a wide range of tasks can be expressed in terms of the ROC area index. Choosing the appropriate decision criterion for a given diagnostic setting--rather than considering some single criterion to be natural and fixed--has a major impact on the efficacy of a diagnostic process or system. Illustrated here by separate chapters are diagnostic systems in radiology, information retrieval, aptitude testing, survey research, and environments in which imminent dangerous conditions must be detected. Data from weather forecasting, blood testing, and polygraph lie detection are also reported. One of these chapters describes a general approach to enhancing the accuracy of diagnostic systems.
Book Synopsis Disease and Diagnosis by : William E. Stempsey
Download or read book Disease and Diagnosis written by William E. Stempsey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The germs of the ideas in this book became implanted in me during my experience as a resident in clinical pathology at Boston University Medical Center. At the time, I had inklings that the test results churned out by our laboratories were more than scientific facts. As a philosophically unsophisticated young physician, however, I had no language or framework to analyze what I saw as a deep philosophical problem, a problem largely unrecognized by most physicians. The test results provided by our laboratories were accurate and of great practical importance for patient care. However, most of the physicians who relied on our test results to diagnose and treat their patients either did not have the time or interest to consider the philosophical issues inherent in diagnosis, or, like me, had inadequate means to further analyze them. It was more than ten years later that I began doctoral studies in philosophy, and I was fortunate to find a faculty that was supportive of my efforts to address the problem. This book began as my doctoral dissertation in the Department of Philosophy at Georgetown University. I would like to acknowledge the assistance of my mentor, Robert Veatch, Ph. D. Our conversations during my Georgetown years led me in new and often fascinating directions. I would also like to acknowledge the help of Kenneth Schaffner, M. D. , Ph. D.
Book Synopsis The Ethics of Diagnosis by : José Luis Peset
Download or read book The Ethics of Diagnosis written by José Luis Peset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-23 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major focus of the philosophy of medicine and, in general, of the philosophy of science has been the interplay of facts and values. Nowhere is an evaluation of this interplay more important than in the ethics of diagnosis. Traditionally, diagnosis has been understood as an epistemological activity which is concerned with facts and excludes the intrusion of values. The essays in this volume challenge this assumption. Questions of knowledge in diagnosis are intimately related to the concerns with intervention that characterize the applied science of medicine. Broad social and individual goals, as well as diverse ethical frameworks, are shown to condition both the processes and results of diagnosis. This has significant implications for bioethics, implications that have not previously been developed. With this volume, `the ethics of diagnosis' is established as an important branch of bioethics.
Book Synopsis The Practices of Human Genetics by : Michael Fortun
Download or read book The Practices of Human Genetics written by Michael Fortun and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-12-31 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That concern about human genetics is at the top of many lists of issues requiring intense discussion from scientific, political, social, and ethical points of view is today no surprise. It was in the spirit of attempting to establish the basis for intelligent discussion of the issues involved that a group of us gathered at a meeting of the International Society for the History, Philosophy, and Social Studies of Biology in the Summer of 1995 at Brandeis University and began an exploration of these questions in earlier versions of the papers presented here. Our aim was to cross disciplines and jump national boundaries, to be catholic in the methods and approaches taken, and to bring before readers interested in the emerging issues of human genetics well-reasoned, informative, and provocative papers. The initial conference and elements of the editorial work which have followed were generously supported by the Stifterverband fUr die Deutsche Wissenschaft. We thank Professor Peter Weingart of Bielefeld University for his assistance in gaining this support. As Editors, we thank the anonymous readers who commented upon and critiqued many of the papers and in tum made each paper a more valuable contribution. We also thank the authors for their understanding and patience. Michael Fortnn Everett Mendelsohn Cambridge, MA September 1998 vii INTRODUCTION In 1986, the annual symposium at the venerable Cold Spring Harbor laboratories was devoted to the "Molecular Biology of Homo sapiens.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis: Danger by : Marie Ferrarella
Download or read book Diagnosis: Danger written by Marie Ferrarella and published by Harlequin. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Someone else might crave excitement, but Dr. Natalya Pulaski wasenjoying her ordinary life. Then she received a chilling call from herbest friend—and the line mysteriously went dead. She felt in herbones something bad had happened. And that she had to get answers. Detective Michael DiPalma's Friday night plans did not includeworking a missing person's case—or uncovering a dead body. But something about Natalya's vivid green eyes and killer curves demanded his immediate attention. As they teamed up, it was clear the walls around their guarded hearts were about to crumble. Were they brave enough to take the fall?
Book Synopsis Pre-Examination Procedures in Laboratory Diagnostics by : Walter G. Guder
Download or read book Pre-Examination Procedures in Laboratory Diagnostics written by Walter G. Guder and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The preanalytical phase is an important component of Laboratory medicine and errors arising in this phase affect the validity of laboratory results. In this book physicians and clinical staff have access to valuable information about the current preanalytical variables and factors (patient preparation, sample collection, handling and processing before analysis).
Book Synopsis Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Assessment of Diagnostic Technology in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology assessment can lead to the rapid application of essential diagnostic technologies and prevent the wide diffusion of marginally useful methods. In both of these ways, it can increase quality of care and decrease the cost of health care. This comprehensive monograph carefully explores methods of and barriers to diagnostic technology assessment and describes both the rationale and the guidelines for meaningful evaluation. While proposing a multi-institutional approach, it emphasizes some of the problems involved and defines a mechanism for improving the evaluation and use of medical technology and essential resources needed to enhance patient care.
Book Synopsis Advanced Solutions in Diagnostics and Fault Tolerant Control by : Jan M. Kościelny
Download or read book Advanced Solutions in Diagnostics and Fault Tolerant Control written by Jan M. Kościelny and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-28 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the latest achievements concerning the theory, methods and practice of fault diagnostics, fault tolerant systems and cyber safety. When considering the diagnostics of industrial processes and systems, increasingly important safety issues cannot be ignored. In this context, diagnostics plays a crucial role as a primary measure of the improvement of the overall system safety integrity level. Obtaining the desired diagnostic coverage or providing an appropriate level of inviolability of the integrity of a system is now practically inconceivable without the use of fault detection and isolation methods. Given the breadth and depth of its coverage, the book will be of interest to researchers faced with the challenge of designing technical and medical diagnosis systems, as well as junior researchers and students in the fields of automatic control, robotics, computer science and artificial intelligence.
Book Synopsis The Politics of Pregnancy by : Janna C. Merrick
Download or read book The Politics of Pregnancy written by Janna C. Merrick and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a comprehensive overview and analysis of issues concerning the maternal-fetal relationship, from abortion to surrogate motherhood. Unlike many books which cover reproductive issues in general, this book focuses in-depth on one aspect of reproduction--the maternal-fetal relationship--to give readers a detailed study of the many issues involved. The Politics of Pregnancy discusses public policy dimensions of this relationship and posits new, critical political dilemmas. Many chapters in this unique book also provide significant clinical information as well as conceptual analysis. The Politics of Pregnancy offers great diversity in terms of the disciplinary backgrounds of the authors and their ideological perspectives. Authors come from many fields, including sociology, political science, pediatrics, ethics, and psychiatry, and provide diverse, sometimes opposing, analytical positions. Some of the topics they debate include: maternal substance use during pregnancy prenatal technology pregnancy and workplace hazards court-ordered obstetrical intervention fetal experimentation Readers interested in public and health care policy, nursing, feminism, pediatrics, or ethics, will find The Politics of Pregnancy to be a stimulating and thought-provoking book. This volume also makes an excellent discussion tool for graduate courses in these areas.
Book Synopsis Headline News, Science Views by : National Research Council
Download or read book Headline News, Science Views written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many Americans want information on how to eat a healthier diet, clean up the environment, or improve their children's education. Yet, all too often, people lack the time or background to read scientific reports for answers to these questions. Now, scientists and nonscientists alike will enjoy Headline News, Science Views, a collection of easy-to-read short articles on many of today's most important issues. These readable essays are written by some of the country's leading scientists, engineers, physicians, and other experts. The authors discuss intriguing issues in language that is understandable and compelling...without jargon. Celebrity Bill Cosby contributes an essay on "Getting the Facts Straight About Science." Television journalist Hugh Downs asks "Who Owns Antarctica?" Readers learn the many ways in which science and technology affect their daily lives. This volume makes groundbreaking scientific achievement accessible, fascinatingâ€"and fun. Bridging the gap between the experts and the public, it is a "must read" for anyone concerned about the future.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis and the Difference it Makes by : Paul W. Pruyser
Download or read book Diagnosis and the Difference it Makes written by Paul W. Pruyser and published by Jason Aronson. This book was released on 1976 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mental health professionals should be attuned to the ideal of compassionate understanding even when faced with clinical and social questions of a large scope: What if the patient is a family rather than an individual? Or a small group, a large group, an organization, a community, or social institution? What if the patient is a whole culture? If all of these are cases in need, can psychiatric assessment of them provide the necessary understanding and devise appropriate and workable forms of help? What are the next evolutions of psychiatric diagnosis and what are the differences in human well-being they can make? The papers in this book are attempts to come to grips with these questions, one by one, cautiously or boldly, according to each author's outlook and temperament.
Book Synopsis Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders by : Benjamin Wolman
Download or read book Clinical Diagnosis of Mental Disorders written by Benjamin Wolman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For centuries the "treatment" of mentally disturbed individuals was quite simple. They were accused of collusion with evil spirits, hunted, and persecuted. The last "witch" was killed as late as 1782 in Switzerland. Mentally disturbed people did not fare much better even when the witchhunting days were gone. John Christian Reil gave the following description of mental pa tients at the crossroads of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries: We incarcerate these miserable creatures as if they were criminals in abandoned jails, near to the lairs of owls in barren canyons beyond the city gates, or in damp dungeons of prisons, where never a pitying look of a humanitarian penetrates; and we let them, in chains, rot in their own excrement. Their fetters have eaten off the flesh of their bones, and their emaciated pale faces look expectantly toward the graves which will end their misery and cover up our shamefulness. (1803) The great reforms introduced by Philippe Pinel at Bicetre in 1793 augured the beginning of a new approach. Pinel ascribed the "sick role," and called for compas sion and help. One does not need to know much about those he wants to hurt, but one must know a lot in order to help. Pinel's reform was followed by a rapid develop ment in research of causes, symptoms, and remedies of mental disorders. There are two main prerequisites for planning a treatment strategy.
Book Synopsis Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care by : William C. W. Wong
Download or read book Diagnosis and Management in Primary Care written by William C. W. Wong and published by Chinese University Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is to provide clincial students with some basic principles of diagnosis and management, medico-legal pitfalls and roles of evidence in primary care. Using practical examples, the authors describe clearly the whole mental process in coming to a clinical diagnosis, with emphasis on important signs or symptoms and investigations to look out for. The book should be of interest to advanced medical students in the clinical years (year 3 to 5) and novice clinicians who will be using history and physical examination skills in the clinical setting. The examples are realistic and inspiring and the analyses to them are succinct.
Download or read book Fault Diagnosis written by Józef Korbicz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive work presents the status and likely development of fault diagnosis, an emerging discipline of modern control engineering. It covers fundamentals of model-based fault diagnosis in a wide context, providing a good introduction to the theoretical foundation and many basic approaches of fault detection.
Book Synopsis International Relations, Political Theory and the Problem of Order by : N. J. Rengger
Download or read book International Relations, Political Theory and the Problem of Order written by N. J. Rengger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1999-11-04 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to offer a general interpretation and critique of both methodlogical and substantive aspects of International theory.
