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Cyclical Patterns Of Government Expenditures In Sub Saharan Africa
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Book Synopsis Cyclical Patterns of Government Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Victor Duarte Lledo
Download or read book Cyclical Patterns of Government Expenditures in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Victor Duarte Lledo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents cyclical patterns of government expenditures in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970 and explains variation between countries and over time. Controlling for endogeneity, it finds government expenditures to be slightly more procyclical in sub-Saharan Africa than in other developing countries and some evidence that procyclicality in Africa has declined in recent years after a period of sharp increase through the 1990s. Greater fiscal space, proxied by lower external debt, and better access to concessional financing, proxied by larger aid flows, seem to be important factors in diminishing procyclicality in the region. The role of institutions is less clear cut: changes in political institutions have no impact on procyclicality.
Book Synopsis Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa by : César Calderón
Download or read book Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa written by César Calderón and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the cyclical aspects of fiscal policy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries during 1970?2014. It compares the cyclical properties of real government consumption in the region with those in other developing regions and high-income countries, and examines whether there has been a change in the cyclical nature of fiscal policy in recent years. The analysis finds that government consumption is procyclical in Sub-Saharan African countries, more so than in other regions, and that accounting for endogeneity increases the degree of cyclicality. The cyclical properties of government spending vary along the business cycle, with the level of cyclicality being larger when the level of real economic activity is above the trend relative to when it is below the trend. Mirroring the pattern in other developing regions, the degree of cyclicality has changed since 2002 in Sub-Saharan Africa, with incipient signs of a shift toward acyclical or more countercyclical policies. The evidence does not suggest that resource wealth or fragility increases the procyclicality of government consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Official development assistance is found to exacerbate the procyclical stance of fiscal policy in the region, but the result depends on the relative size of foreign aid received.
Book Synopsis The Evaluation of Public Expenditure in Africa by : Henry J. Bruton
Download or read book The Evaluation of Public Expenditure in Africa written by Henry J. Bruton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 335. Describes the World Bank's successful interventions in three international river basins--the Indus, the Mekong, and the Aral Sea--to foster riparian dialogue, cooperation, and agreements. The paper highlights the Bank's successes in these basins as model strategies to follow for avoiding the adverse impacts that riparian conflicts may have on economic development in other regions.
Book Synopsis Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa by : Cesar Calderon
Download or read book Cyclicality of Fiscal Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa written by Cesar Calderon and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the cyclical aspects of fiscal policy in Sub-Saharan Africa countries during 1970-2014. It compares the cyclical properties of real government consumption in the region with those in other developing regions and high-income countries, and examines whether there has been a change in the cyclical nature of fiscal policy in recent years. The analysis finds that government consumption is procyclical in Sub-Saharan African countries, more so than in other regions, and that accounting for endogeneity increases the degree of cyclicality. The cyclical properties of government spending vary along the business cycle, with the level of cyclicality being larger when the level of real economic activity is above the trend relative to when it is below the trend. Mirroring the pattern in other developing regions, the degree of cyclicality has changed since 2002 in Sub-Saharan Africa, with incipient signs of a shift toward acyclical or more countercyclical policies. The evidence does not suggest that resource wealth or fragility increases the procyclicality of government consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. Official development assistance is found to exacerbate the procyclical stance of fiscal policy in the region, but the result depends on the relative size of foreign aid received.
Book Synopsis Poverty-conscious Restructuring of Public Expenditure by : Marco A. Ferroni
Download or read book Poverty-conscious Restructuring of Public Expenditure written by Marco A. Ferroni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper looks at the pattern of public expenditure in Africa during the adjustment decade, paying particular attention to the social sectors. It concludes that the poverty focus and the poverty reduction impact of public spending in Africa is very low. The reasons for this include a lack of funds for nonwage recurrent expenditures in core economic and social services, inadequate intrasectoral resource allocation from a poverty reduction point of view, and public expenditure management inefficiencies. Absolute levels of expenditure on essential services are low in sub-Saharan Africa compared with richer countries. It is therefore concluded that increases in financial resources to support anti-poverty programs are needed in Africa. But raising the poverty focus of governmental expenditures also requires changes in the public spending, as well as improvements in the factors which hamper the effectiveness of program delivery.
Book Synopsis The Cyclical and Long-Term Behavior of Government Expenditures in Developing Countries by : Bernardin Akitoby
Download or read book The Cyclical and Long-Term Behavior of Government Expenditures in Developing Countries written by Bernardin Akitoby and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the short- and long-term movements of government spending relative to output in 51 countries. We find that in the short term, the main components of government spending increase with output in about half of the sample countries, with some variation across spending categories and countries. Further, we find that there is a long-term relationship between government spending and output (in line with quot;Wagner`s lawquot;) for the majority of countries for at least one spending aggregate. In the short term, we find that power dispersion and government size typically dampen the positive response of government spending to output. Output volatility and financial risk, on the other hand, contribute to the procylicality of government spending.
Book Synopsis The Cyclical and Long-Term Behavior of Government Expenditures in Developing Countries by : Bernardin Akitoby
Download or read book The Cyclical and Long-Term Behavior of Government Expenditures in Developing Countries written by Bernardin Akitoby and published by . This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the short- and long-term movements of government spending relative to output in 51 countries. We find that in the short term, the main components of government spending increase with output in about half of the sample countries, with some variation across spending categories and countries. Further, we find that there is a long-term relationship between government spending and output (in line with Wagner's law) for the majority of countries for at least one spending aggregate. In the short term, we find that power dispersion and government size typically dampen the positive response of government spending to output. Output volatility and financial risk, on the other hand, contribute to the procylicality of government spending.
Book Synopsis Africa's Infrastructure by : Vivien Foster
Download or read book Africa's Infrastructure written by Vivien Foster and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This booklet contains the Overview as well as a list of contents from the forthcoming book Africa's Infrastructure: A time for Transformation.
Book Synopsis Is Social Spending Procyclical? by : Mr.Sanjeev Gupta
Download or read book Is Social Spending Procyclical? written by Mr.Sanjeev Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies the cyclical behavior of public spending on health and education in 150 countries during 1987 - 2007. It finds that spending on education and health is procyclical in developing countries and acyclical in developed countries. In addition, education and health expenditures follow an asymmetric pattern in developing countries; they are procyclical during periods of positive output gap and acyclical during periods of negative output gap. Furthermore, the degree of cyclicality is higher the lower the level of economic development.
Book Synopsis Building Integrated Economies in West Africa by : Mr.Alexei P Kireyev
Download or read book Building Integrated Economies in West Africa written by Mr.Alexei P Kireyev and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-04-13 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) has a long and varied history, and this book examines how the WAEMU can achieve its development and stability objectives, improve the livelihood of its people, and enhance the inclusiveness of its economic growth, all while preserving its financial stability, enhancing its competitiveness, and maintaining its current fixed exchange rates.
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-11-27 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth in sub-Saharan Africa has recovered relative to 2016, but the momentum is weak and per capita incomes are expected to barely increase. Further, vulnerabilities have risen in many countries, adding to the urgency of implementing the fiscal consolidations planned in most countries and with stepped up efforts to strengthen growth.
Book Synopsis Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe by : Sarah Thomson
Download or read book Economic Crisis, Health Systems and Health in Europe written by Sarah Thomson and published by Open University Press. This book was released on 2015-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic shocks pose a threat to health and health system performance by increasing people's need for health care and making access to care more difficult - a situation compounded by cuts in public spending on health and other social services. But these negative effects can be avoided by timely public policy action. While important public policy levers lie outside the health sector, in the hands of those responsible for fiscal policy and social protection, the health system response is critical. This book looks at how health systems in Europe reacted to pressure created by the financial and economic crisis that began in 2008. Drawing on the experience of over 45 countries, the authors:' analyse health system responses to the crisis in three policy areas: public funding for the health system; health coverage; and health service planning, purchasing and delivery 'assess the impact of these responses on health systems and population health' identify policies most likely to sustain the performance of health systems facing financial pressure' explore the political economy of implementing reforms in a crisisThe book is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand the choices available to policy-makers - and the implications of failing to protect health and health-system performance - in the face of economic and other forms of shock.--
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa by : Céline Allard
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2017, Sub-Saharan Africa written by Céline Allard and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-05-09 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Growth momentum in sub-Saharan Africa remains fragile, marking a break from the rapid expansion witnessed since the turn of the millennium. 2016 was a difficult year for many countries, with regional growth dipping to 1.4 percent—the lowest level of growth in more than two decades. Most oil exporters were in recession, and conditions in other resource-intensive countries remained difficult. Other nonresource-intensive countries however, continued to grow robustly. A modest recovery in growth of about 2.6 percent is expected in 2017, but this falls short of past trends and is too low to put sub-Saharan Africa back on a path of rising living standards. While sub-Saharan Africa remains a region with tremendous growth potential, the deterioration in the overall outlook partly reflects insufficient policy adjustment. In that context, and to reap this potential, strong and sound domestic policy measures are needed to restart the growth engine.
Book Synopsis Rising BRICs and Changes in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Business Cycle Patterns by : Oumar Diallo
Download or read book Rising BRICs and Changes in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Business Cycle Patterns written by Oumar Diallo and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses the extent to which Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)’s business cycle is synchronized with that of the rest of the world (RoW). Findings suggest that SSA’s business cycle has not only moved in the same direction as that of the RoW, but has also gradually drifted away from the G7 in favour of the BRICs. Trade with the BRICs turns out to be the strongest driver of this shift. Much of this impact unfolds through aggregate demand impulse from trade. As fiscal policy stances in SSA and the BRICs are not synchronized, they have not caused cyclical output correlation between these two groups of countries. Also, financial openness, which is at a very early stage across most SSA countries, has acted as a neutral force.
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, April 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, April 2016, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-05-03 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa as a whole has fallen to its lowest level in 15 years, though with large variation among countries in the region. The sharp decline in commodity prices has severely strained many of the largest economies, including oil exporters Angola and Nigeria, and other commodity exporters, such as Ghana, South Africa, and Zambia. At the same time, the decline in oil prices has helped other countries continue to show robust growth, including Kenya and Senegal. A strong policy response to the terms-of-trade shocks is critical and urgent in many countries. This report also examines sub-Saharan Africa’s vulnerability to commodity price shocks, and documents the substantial progress made in financial develop, especially financial services based on mobile technologies.
Book Synopsis Regional Economic Outlook, October 2009, Sub-Saharan Africa by : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Download or read book Regional Economic Outlook, October 2009, Sub-Saharan Africa written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-10-02 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sub-Saharan Africa has been hit hard by the global recession, but signs of resilience remain. While South Africa and some other middle-income countries were caught in the turbulence of international financial markets, and oil exporters saw government revenues plunge, some countries with wider commodity bases have so far escaped the worst of the crisis. Also, and reassuringly, with stronger initial fiscal and external positions than in past downturns, most countries in the region have been able to partially absorb external shocks by allowing fiscal deficits to rise and reducing interest rates. Exchange rates have generally been allowed to adjust. With many families affected by the crisis, however, progress toward the Millennium Development Goals has receded. Looking ahead, fiscal policy must balance support for the recovery with enhancing future growth prospects, debt sustainability, and poverty reduction. Published biannually in May and October.
Book Synopsis Our Continent, Our Future by : P. Thandika Mkandawire
Download or read book Our Continent, Our Future written by P. Thandika Mkandawire and published by IDRC. This book was released on 2014-05-14 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our Continent, Our Future presents the emerging African perspective on this complex issue. The authors use as background their own extensive experience and a collection of 30 individual studies, 25 of which were from African economists, to summarize this African perspective and articulate a path for the future. They underscore the need to be sensitive to each country's unique history and current condition. They argue for a broader policy agenda and for a much more active role for the state within what is largely a market economy. Finally, they stress that Africa must, and can, compete in an increasingly globalized world and, perhaps most importantly, that Africans must assume the leading role in defining the continent's development agenda.
