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Crustal Deformation Source Monitoring Using Advanced Insar Time Series And Time Dependent Inverse Modeling
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Book Synopsis Crustal Deformation Source Monitoring Using Advanced InSAR Time Series and Time Dependent Inverse Modeling by : Manoochehr Shirzaei
Download or read book Crustal Deformation Source Monitoring Using Advanced InSAR Time Series and Time Dependent Inverse Modeling written by Manoochehr Shirzaei and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Time Series Analysis in Geosciences by : Flavio Cannavo’
Download or read book Advanced Time Series Analysis in Geosciences written by Flavio Cannavo’ and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-12 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Imaging Time Dependent Crustal Deformation Using GPS Geodesy And Induced Seismicity, Stress And Optimal Fault Orientations In The North American Mid-Continent by : Austin Adams Holland
Download or read book Imaging Time Dependent Crustal Deformation Using GPS Geodesy And Induced Seismicity, Stress And Optimal Fault Orientations In The North American Mid-Continent written by Austin Adams Holland and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transient deformation has been observed in a number of different types of tectonic environments. These transient deformation signals are often observed using continuous GPS (CGPS) position time-series observations. Examining transient deformation using CGPS time-series is problematic due to the, often, low signal-to-noise ratios and variability in duration of transient motions observed. A technique to estimate a continuous velocity function from noisy CGPS coordinate time-series of is examined. The resolution of this technique is dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio and the duration or frequency content of the transient signal being modeled. Short period signals require greater signal-to-noise ratios for effective resolution of the actual transient signal. The technique presented here is similar to a low-pass filter but with a number of advantages when working with CGPS data. Data gaps do not adversely impact the technique but limit resolution near the gap epochs, if there is some a priori knowledge of the noise contained within the time-series this information can be included in the model, and model parameter uncertainties provide information on the uncertainty of instantaneous velocity through time. A large transient has been observed in the North-American stable continental interior as a significant increase in the number and moment release of earthquakes through time. This increase in the number of earthquakes has been suggested to be largely related changes in oil and gas production activities within the region as triggered or induced seismicity, primarily from fluid injection. One of the first observed cases of triggered earthquakes from hydraulic fracturing where the earthquakes were large enough to be felt by local residents is documented. The multiple strong temporal and spatial correlations between these earthquakes indicate that hydraulic fracturing in a nearby well likely triggered the earthquake sequence. The largest magnitude earthquake in this sequence was a magnitude 2.9 with 16 earthquakes greater than magnitude 2. The earthquakes in this sequence occurred within 2.5 km of the hydraulic fracturing operation and focal depths are similar to the depths of hydraulic fracturing treatment depths. In addition to the documentation of a transient earthquake signal associated with hydraulic fracturing, the observed focal mechanisms throughout Oklahoma are documented. These focal mechanisms were used to examine the maximum horizontal stress orientations and active fault orientations associated with the increased rates of seismicity observed in the region. Generally, active-fault orientations and the stresses are consistent through broad portions of Oklahoma with one exception, the ongoing Jones earthquake sequence in central Oklahoma that started in 2009. In the Jones earthquake sequence a bi-modal distribution of focal mechanisms are observed. One orientation of active faults observed in the Jones earthquake sequence would not be expected to be active in the observed regional stress field. This unfavorably oriented set of faults appear to be pre-existing structures and activity on these structures may suggest that pore-pressure increases in the sub-surface due to fluid injection in the area make it possible for faults that are not optimally oriented within the regional stress-field to reactivate.
Book Synopsis Small Deformation Detected from InSAR Time-Series and Their Applications in Geophysics by : Wenliang Zhao
Download or read book Small Deformation Detected from InSAR Time-Series and Their Applications in Geophysics written by Wenliang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InSAR has been proved to be useful for detecting large scale small surface motion from space. For a series of environmental phenomenon and their associated geomechanical processes, new insights are obtained from spatio-temporal information provided by InSAR. However, for some applications, how to get reliable deformation signal, how to use these information, and how to build the mechanical models remain some questions. For ice mass loss estimation problem, it is easy to build a linear inverse model from observed deformation. Unfortunately, this model is highly under-determined, which means the places far from the ice margin are usually poorly constrained while the places close to the ice margin are underestimated. For present-day hydraulic fracturing problem, only the upper crust is sensitive to the load change. But the existing global 1-D earth models usually have a coarse resolution in crust. Moreover, these models are typically from seismic wave velocities representing the dynamic moduli instead of the static moduli required for the hydraulic fracturing modeling. For geological carbon sequestration study, there was one successful attempt based on InSAR in the desert in 2008 and almost no new result comes out after that. The main problem is that most carbon sequestration projects are located in rural areas where less stable reflection targets can be found. In this dissertation I will try to answer the questions listed above. I will discuss two different methods solving the under-determined linear inverse problem for ice mass loss estimation in chapter 2 and 3. For the second question, I will discuss two different test sites and their crustal elasticity in chapter 4 and 5. In chapter 6 I will discuss the development of a time-series analysis method for retrieving small surface deformation at carbon sequestration injection sites in north America.
Book Synopsis InSAR Time Series Analysis of Subtle Transient Crustal Deformation Signals Associated with the 2010 Slow Slip Event at Kilauea, Hawaii by : Jingyi Chen
Download or read book InSAR Time Series Analysis of Subtle Transient Crustal Deformation Signals Associated with the 2010 Slow Slip Event at Kilauea, Hawaii written by Jingyi Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We address here the use of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) to measure and characterize subtle transient deformation events of the Earth's crust. We develop an imaging geodetic method to identify slow slip events (SSEs) that may go unrecognized because they occur in unexpected areas where instrumentation has not been installed. We illustrate our approach by studying Kilauea volcano and imaging the signature of an SSE that occurred in 2010. Kilauea is the youngest and most active volcano on the island of Hawaii. Nearly continuous eruptions along Kilauea's east rift zone over 30 years have built up a large area of accumulated lava on the volcano's south flank. Tectonic extension along the rift zone and gravitational spreading lead to the south flank of Kilauea slipping constantly seaward on a shallowly landward dipping basal decollement fault at rates of up to 10 cm/year. Since 2002, a sequence of SSEs has been observed on Kilauea's south flank using continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) data. SSEs, viewed as fault activity somewhere between steady sliding and a catastrophic earthquake, release energy over a period of hours to months and can lead to crustal deformation on the order of centimeters. The mechanisms behind these SSEs are still poorly understood. High spatial resolution, accurate SSE displacement measurements can help us constrain the depth of slip and understand the SSEs' potential relationship to catastrophic earthquakes and flank failure. The focus of this dissertation is using time series InSAR data to collect and analyze subtle, transient deformation. InSAR time series are commonly used to obtain surface topography and surface motion. The benefits of InSAR are fine spatial resolution and broad ground coverage, both compared to measurements using GPS or other geodetic network alone. We use 49 sets of TerraSAR-X data acquired between August, 2009 and December, 2010 to study the recent Kilauea SSE of February 1, 2010. The TerraSAR-X satellite has a revisit cycle of 11 days, which is relatively short compared to most existing spaceborne radar systems. This shorter revisit cycle makes it possible to collect many measurements over a fixed period of time. Moreover, since a phase cycle in a TerraSAR-X interferogram corresponds to only 1.55 cm line of sight (LOS) deformation, the system is well-suited to monitoring ground deformation on the order of centimeters at Kilauea. The challenge in using X-band InSAR time series to study ground deformation at Kilauea is the very low signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the SSE deformation signal compared to atmospheric noise. We develop a small baseline subset InSAR time series analysis algorithm, which jointly inverts InSAR and GPS data to improve the accuracy of the displacement estimates. This algorithm is suitable for extracting both transient and secular ground deformation on the order of millimeters in the presence of atmospheric noise on the order of centimeters. We obtain high spatial resolution displacement estimates due to the 2010 slow slip event as well as secular motion at Kilauea and demonstrate that the results are consistent with GPS time series over the same period. We also develop an L1-norm based sparse reconstruction algorithm to detect transient events in very noisy InSAR time series. This algorithm is well-suited to detecting unknown transient events using only InSAR time series, particularly when no auxiliary data such as GPS are available. We apply this algorithm to solve for the time of the SSE's occurrence and confirm that the largest jump detected in the TerraSAR-X InSAR time series is temporally and spatially correlated with the 2010 Kilauea SSE. Because phase artifacts due to atmospheric propagation delays in InSAR images frequently degrade the interpretability of the phase signatures of terrain, we further analyze the impact of tropospheric artifacts in InSAR images. We show that tropospheric noise is the primary error source in the X-band InSAR data we processed for the study of the 2010 Kilauea slow slip event. We also address the impact of ionospheric delay artifacts in InSAR images, which are often seen in L-band interferograms.
Book Synopsis Time-dependent Crustal Deformation After Strong Earthquakes by : Francisco Lorenzo Martín
Download or read book Time-dependent Crustal Deformation After Strong Earthquakes written by Francisco Lorenzo Martín and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Monitoring of Geodynamic Surface Deformation Using SAR Interferometry by : 龚文瑜
Download or read book Long-term Monitoring of Geodynamic Surface Deformation Using SAR Interferometry written by 龚文瑜 and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) is a powerful tool to measure surface deformation and is well suited for surveying active volcanoes using historical and existing satellites. However, the value and applicability of InSAR for geodynamic monitoring problems is limited by the influence of temporal decorrelation and electromagnetic path delay variations in the atmosphere, both of which reduce the sensitivity and accuracy of the technique. The aim of this PhD thesis research is: how to optimize the quantity and quality of deformation signals extracted from InSAR stacks that contain only a low number of images in order to facilitate volcano monitoring and the study of their geophysical signatures. In particular, the focus is on methods of mitigating atmospheric artifacts in interferograms by combining time-series InSAR techniques and external atmospheric delay maps derived by Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. In the first chapter of the thesis, the potential of the NWP Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) model for InSAR data correction has been studied extensively. Forecasted atmospheric delays derived from operational High Resolution Rapid Refresh for the Alaska region (HRRRAK) products have been compared to radiosonding measurements in the first chapter. The result suggests that the HRRR-AK operational products are a good data source for correcting atmospheric delays in spaceborne geodetic radar observations, if the geophysical signal to be observed is larger than 20 mm. In the second chapter, an advanced method for integrating NWP products into the time series InSAR workflow is developed. The efficiency of the algorithm is tested via simulated data experiments, which demonstrate the method outperforms other more conventional methods. In Chapter 3, a geophysical case study is performed by applying the developed algorithm to the active volcanoes of Unimak Island Alaska (Westdahl, Fisher and Shishaldin) for long term volcano deformation monitoring. The volcano source location at Westdahl is determined to be approx. 7 km below sea level and approx. 3.5 km north of the Westdahl peak. This study demonstrates that Fisher caldera has had continuous subsidence over more than 10 years and there is no evident deformation signal around Shishaldin peak.
Book Synopsis Volcano Deformation by : Daniel Dzurisin
Download or read book Volcano Deformation written by Daniel Dzurisin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-24 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volcanoes and eruptions are dramatic surface man telemetry and processing, and volcano-deformation ifestations of dynamic processes within the Earth, source models over the past three decades. There has mostly but not exclusively localized along the been a virtual explosion of volcano-geodesy studies boundaries of Earth's relentlessly shifting tectonic and in the modeling and interpretation of ground plates. Anyone who has witnessed volcanic activity deformation data. Nonetheless, other than selective, has to be impressed by the variety and complexity of brief summaries in journal articles and general visible eruptive phenomena. Equally complex, works on volcano-monitoring and hazards mitiga however, if not even more so, are the geophysical, tion (e. g. , UNESCO, 1972; Agnew, 1986; Scarpa geochemical, and hydrothermal processes that occur and Tilling, 1996), a modern, comprehensive treat underground - commonly undetectable by the ment of volcano geodesy and its applications was human senses - before, during, and after eruptions. non-existent, until now. Experience at volcanoes worldwide has shown that, In the mid-1990s, when Daniel Dzurisin (DZ to at volcanoes with adequate instrumental monitor friends and colleagues) was serving as the Scientist ing, nearly all eruptions are preceded and accom in-Charge of the USGS Cascades Volcano Observa panied by measurable changes in the physical and tory (CVO), I first learned of his dream to write a (or) chemical state of the volcanic system. While book on volcano geodesy.
Book Synopsis Volcanic Unrest by : Joachim Gottsmann
Download or read book Volcanic Unrest written by Joachim Gottsmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes the findings of the VUELCO project, a multi-disciplinary and cross-boundary research funded by the European Commission's 7th framework program. It comprises four broad topics: 1. The global significance of volcanic unrest 2. Geophysical and geochemical fingerprints of unrest and precursory activity 3. Magma dynamics leading to unrest phenomena 4. Bridging the gap between science and decision-making Volcanic unrest is a complex multi-hazard phenomenon. The fact that unrest may, or may not lead to an imminent eruption contributes significant uncertainty to short-term volcanic hazard and risk assessment. Although it is reasonable to assume that all eruptions are associated with precursory activity of some sort, the understanding of the causative links between subsurface processes, resulting unrest signals and imminent eruption is incomplete. When a volcano evolves from dormancy into a phase of unrest, important scientific, political and social questions need to be addressed. This book is aimed at graduate students, researchers of volcanic phenomena, professionals in volcanic hazard and risk assessment, observatory personnel, as well as emergency managers who wish to learn about the complex nature of volcanic unrest and how to utilize new findings to deal with unrest phenomena at scientific and emergency managing levels. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Download or read book Data Assimilation written by Geir Evensen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-22 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews popular data-assimilation methods, such as weak and strong constraint variational methods, ensemble filters and smoothers. The author shows how different methods can be derived from a common theoretical basis, as well as how they differ or are related to each other, and which properties characterize them, using several examples. Readers will appreciate the included introductory material and detailed derivations in the text, and a supplemental web site.
Book Synopsis Radar Interferometry by : Ramon F. Hanssen
Download or read book Radar Interferometry written by Ramon F. Hanssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the product of five and a half years of research dedicated to the und- standing of radar interferometry, a relatively new space-geodetic technique for m- suring the earth’s topography and its deformation. The main reason for undertaking this work, early 1995, was the fact that this technique proved to be extremely useful for wide-scale, fine-resolution deformation measurements. Especially the interf- ometric products from the ERS-1 satellite provided beautiful first results—several interferometric images appeared as highlights on the cover of journals such as Nature and Science. Accuracies of a few millimeters in the radar line of sight were claimed in semi-continuous image data acquired globally, irrespective of cloud cover or solar illumination. Unfortunately, because of the relative lack of supportive observations at these resolutions and accuracies, validation of the precision and reliability of the results remained an issue of concern. From a geodetic point of view, several survey techniques are commonly available to measure a specific geophysical phenomenon. To make an optimal choice between these techniques it is important to have a uniform and quantitative approach for describing the errors and how these errors propagate to the estimated parameters. In this context, the research described in this book was initiated. It describes issues involved with different types of errors, induced by the sensor, the data processing, satellite positioning accuracy, atmospheric propagation, and scattering character- tics. Nevertheless, as the first item in the subtitle “Data Interpretation and Error Analysis” suggests, data interpretation is not always straightforward.
Book Synopsis InSAR Signal and Data Processing by : Mengdao Xing
Download or read book InSAR Signal and Data Processing written by Mengdao Xing and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferometry (InSAR) is an important remote sensing technology used for topographic mapping and deformation monitoring, and has created a new type of radar datum that has significantly evolved during the last couple of decades. This book includes the latest InSAR studies published in the Special Issue "InSAR Signal and Data Processing" of Sensors. We hope that readers of all levels will be able to gain a better understanding of InSAR as well as the when, how, and why of applying this technology.
Book Synopsis InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes by : Zhong Lu
Download or read book InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes written by Zhong Lu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is a relatively new remote sensing tool that is capable of measuring ground-surface deformation with centimeter-to-subcentimeter precision at a spatial resolution of tens of meters over an area of hundreds to thousands of square kilometers. With its global coverage and all-weather imaging capability, InSAR has become an increasingly important technique for studying volcanoes in remote regions such as the Aleutian Islands. The spatial distribution of surface deformation data derived from InSAR images enables the construction of detailed mechanical models to enhance the study of magmatic processes. InSAR Imaging of Aleutian Volcanoes: • Provides a theoretical framework for InSAR observations and capabilities • Discusses state-of-the-art InSAR analysis techniques • Describes the structure, eruptive history, and magma composition of volcanoes along the entire Aleutian arc • Presents conceptual models for the magma plumbing systems of Aleutian volcanoes based on InSAR results combined with geophysical, geological and geochemical observations. • Synthesizes observations of deformation along the Aleutian arc and compares those results to other active arcs around the world. • Is illustrated throughout with high-resolution color satellite radar images
Book Synopsis Radar Interferometry by : Bert M. Kampes
Download or read book Radar Interferometry written by Bert M. Kampes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-09-21 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is devoted to the Persistent Scatterer Technique, the latest development in radar interferometric data processing. It is the only book on Permanent Scatterer (PS) technique of radar interferometry, and it details a newly developed stochastic model and estimator algorithm to cope with possible problems for the application of the PS technique. The STUN (spatio-temporal unwrapping network) algorithm, developed to cope with these issues in a robust way, is presented and applied to two test sites.
Book Synopsis Time Series Analysis and Applications by : Nawaz Mohamudally
Download or read book Time Series Analysis and Applications written by Nawaz Mohamudally and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2018-01-24 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Time Series Analysis (TSA) and Applications offers a dense content of current research and development in the field of data science. The book presents time series from a multidisciplinary approach that covers a wide range of sectors ranging from biostatistics to renewable energy forecasting. Contrary to previous literatures on time, serious readers will discover the potential of TSA in areas other than finance or weather forecasting. The choice of the algorithmic transform for different scenarios, which is a key determinant in the application of TSA, can be understood through the diverse domain applications. Readers looking for deep understanding and practicability of TSA will be delighted. Early career researchers too will appreciate the technicalities and refined mathematical complexities surrounding TSA. Our wish is that this book adds to the body of TSA knowledge and opens up avenues for those who are looking forward to applying TSA in their own context.
Book Synopsis Geophysics and Geosequestration by : Thomas L. Davis
Download or read book Geophysics and Geosequestration written by Thomas L. Davis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the geophysical techniques and analysis methods for monitoring subsurface carbon dioxide storage for researchers and industry practitioners.
Book Synopsis Nonlinear Estimation and Classification by : David D. Denison
Download or read book Nonlinear Estimation and Classification written by David D. Denison and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researchers in many disciplines face the formidable task of analyzing massive amounts of high-dimensional and highly-structured data. This is due in part to recent advances in data collection and computing technologies. As a result, fundamental statistical research is being undertaken in a variety of different fields. Driven by the complexity of these new problems, and fueled by the explosion of available computer power, highly adaptive, non-linear procedures are now essential components of modern "data analysis," a term that we liberally interpret to include speech and pattern recognition, classification, data compression and signal processing. The development of new, flexible methods combines advances from many sources, including approximation theory, numerical analysis, machine learning, signal processing and statistics. The proposed workshop intends to bring together eminent experts from these fields in order to exchange ideas and forge directions for the future.
