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Cropping System Affects Emissions Of Nitrous Oxide But Not Methane From An Arable Wisconsin Soil
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Book Synopsis Cropping System Affects Emissions of Nitrous Oxide But Not Methane from an Arable Wisconsin Soil by : William R. Osterholz
Download or read book Cropping System Affects Emissions of Nitrous Oxide But Not Methane from an Arable Wisconsin Soil written by William R. Osterholz and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle by :
Download or read book The North American Carbon Budget and Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accompanying CD-ROM contains full text of book and appendixes. Cf. menu frames of CD-ROM.
Book Synopsis Nitrous Oxide Production in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Soils of Wisconsin by : Lewis L. Goodroad
Download or read book Nitrous Oxide Production in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystem Soils of Wisconsin written by Lewis L. Goodroad and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies by : O. van Cleemput
Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Book Synopsis Methane Oxidation in Terrestrial Ecosystems by : Pongthep Suwanwaree
Download or read book Methane Oxidation in Terrestrial Ecosystems written by Pongthep Suwanwaree and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Our Carbon Hoofprint by : Diane Mayerfeld
Download or read book Our Carbon Hoofprint written by Diane Mayerfeld and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the ongoing effort to combat global climate catastrophe, animal agriculture has long been a subject of contention. On the one hand, most agree that across the world increasing meat and dairy consumption are accelerating anthropogenic climate change. On the other hand, proponents of the livestock industry argue that modern advancements reduce greenhouse gas emissions from efficient livestock production to negligible quantities. Some even maintain that grass-based livestock production has a net positive impact on the environment, due to the carbon sequestration caused by grazing. Whom are we to believe? This book shows us that the answer is not so clear-cut. Beginning with the implications of the UN’s Livestock’s Long Shadow report, it breaks down the blind spots and highlights the insights of the most prominent pro-meat arguments, as well as of the push for a global switch to vegetarianism. While advances in efficiency might reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of meat or milk produced, attendant decreases in cost can enable overconsumption and thus produce more waste. And while carbon sequestration is beneficial, it is not a reliable cure-all for the industry. Due to the economics of farming, however, eliminating meat consumption may not even reduce emissions at all. The truth about livestock production is much more nuanced but, luckily, also far more holistic. The future of agricultural policy will have to take into consideration factors such as human health and economics, as well as climate. Eschewing ideology for empirical rigor, this book paves an actionable path forward for both consumers and producers, offering unique solutions for each livestock system and simple, everyday adjustments for the average omnivore.
Book Synopsis Biofuel Cropping System Impacts on Soil C, Microbial Communities and N2O Emissions by : Andrew R. McGowan
Download or read book Biofuel Cropping System Impacts on Soil C, Microbial Communities and N2O Emissions written by Andrew R. McGowan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Substitution of cellulosic biofuel in place of gasoline or diesel could reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation. However, emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) could have a large impact on the GHG balance of cellulosic biofuel, thus there is a need to quantify these responses in cellulosic biofuel crops. The objectives of this study were to: (i) measure changes in yield, SOC and microbial communities in potential cellulosic biofuel cropping systems (ii) measure and characterize the temporal variation in N2O emissions from these systems (iii) characterize the yield and N2O response of switchgrass to N fertilizer and to estimate the costs of production. Sweet sorghum, photoperiod-sensitive sorghum, and miscanthus yielded the highest aboveground biomass (20-32 Mg ha−1). The perennial grasses sequestered SOC over 4 yrs, while SOC stocks did not change in the annual crops. Root stocks were 4-8 times higher in the perennial crops, suggesting greater belowground C inputs. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) abundance and aggregate mean weight diameter were higher in the perennials. No consistent significant differences were found in N2O emissions between crops, though miscanthus tended to have the lowest emissions. Most N2O was emitted during large events of short duration (1-3 days) that occurred after high rainfall events with high soil NO3. There was a weak relationship between IPCC Tier 1 N2O estimates and measured emissions, and the IPCC method tended to underestimate emissions. The response of N2O to N rate was nonlinear in 2 of 3 years. Fertilizer induced emission factor (EF) increased from 0.7% at 50 kg N ha−1 to 2.6% at 150 kg N ha−1. Switchgrass yields increased with N inputs up to 100-150 kg N ha−1, but the critical N level for maximum yields decreased each year, suggesting N was being applied in excess at higher N rates. Yield-scaled costs of production were minimized at 100 kg N ha-1 ($70.91 Mg−1). Together, these results show that crop selection and fertilizer management can have large impacts on the productivity and soil GHG emissions biofuel cropping systems.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Cover Crop Choice on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Soil N Dynamics in a California Vineyard Agroecosystem by : Jonathan Vick
Download or read book The Effect of Cover Crop Choice on Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Soil N Dynamics in a California Vineyard Agroecosystem written by Jonathan Vick and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with a global warming potential (GWP) 298 times greater than CO2. Cover crops, those crops grown other than the cash crop, offer a range of benefits for growers. However, cover crops also serve as inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), that can stimulate microbial N2O emissions. Vineyard agroecosystems represent a unique case for studying the effects of cover crops on N2O emissions as vineyard cover crops are generally non-fertilized and rain-fed. A two-year field study and accompanying laboratory incubation was conducted to examine the effects of three cover crop treatments (a legume mix, a ‘soil builder’ mix, and perennial ryegrass) and a fallow control on soil GHG emissions and soil N-dynamics. N2O emissions over the course of the study period did not show significant differences, with emissions ranging from 550 ± 202 g N2O-N ha−1 from the fallow soil to 951 ± 135 g N2O-N ha−1 from the ryegrass planted soil. Precipitation patterns were an important driver of N2O emissions. The laboratory incubation results showed N2O emissions from the legume mix planted soil to be an order of magnitude higher than the other treatments, with denitrification as the pathway responsible for the observed differences in gaseous N production rates. Additionally, patterns of N-transformations exhibited treatment differences, suggesting that two years of cover cropping influenced soil microbial community behavior.
Book Synopsis Journal of Environmental Quality by :
Download or read book Journal of Environmental Quality written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 1020 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis RAMIRAN 2017: Sustainable Utilisation of Manures and Residue Resources in Agriculture by : Tom Misselbrook
Download or read book RAMIRAN 2017: Sustainable Utilisation of Manures and Residue Resources in Agriculture written by Tom Misselbrook and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-30 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook presents highlight papers from the 17th International conference of the Recycling of Agricultural, Municipal and Industrial Residues to Agriculture Network (RAMIRAN) that was held in Wexford, Ireland in September 2017. The book contains a broad range of papers around this multidisciplinary theme covering topics including regional and national organic resource use planning, impact of livestock diet on manure composition, fate and utilisation of excreta from grazing livestock, anaerobic digestion, overcoming barriers to resource reuse, hygienic aspects of residue recycling and impacts on soil health. The overarching theme being addressed is the sustainable recycling of organic residues to agriculture, to promote effective nutrient use and minimise environmental impact.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois by : Joshua Smith
Download or read book Impacts of Cover Crops on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux from a Row Crop Agricultural Field in Central Illinois written by Joshua Smith and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, there is renewed interest in incorporating cover crops into agricultural systems to provide a variety of potential benefits related to soil quality, water quality, and greenhouse gas emissions. This study focused on assessing whether cover crops influence N 2 O and CO2 emissions in a central Illinois agricultural research field over two years (2011-2013) of cover crop growing seasons. Three winter cover crop systems, annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ), cereal rye (Secale cereale ), and a cereal rye (2011)/ hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) (2012) rotation were planted after fall 2011 and 2012 harvests. The field included a total of eight main plots, two of each treatment, and two no cover crop control plots. Soil carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O) fluxes were measured from the plots in a single corn (Zea mays ) - soybean (Glycine max ) system for two cover crop growing seasons. Fluxes of CO 2 and CO2 were measured in March 2012, August 2012, and February 2013. The CO2 flux measurements were performed by using an infrared gas analyzer. The N2 O fluxes were analyzed from samples collected at 0, 10, 20, 30 min intervals from the same closed dynamic chamber system. Both CO2 and N2 O fluxes were computed from respective gas concentrations over time. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures mixed model procedure. N2 O fluxes from the cereal rye/hairy vetch plots were greater than the no cover control and annual ryegrass plots, suggesting that cover crops may not decrease N2 O fluxes immediately after being incorporated into a cropping system. In contrast, CO2 fluxes did not significantly differ among the treatments, but the cereal rye/hairy vetch plot sequestered ~100 kg C ha-1 of soil organic carbon (SOC). Overall, it was observed that some cover crop plots can have higher N2 O fluxes than plots without cover crops, but cover crops have the long-term potential to sequester C in croplands demonstrating that their use should still be considered a sustainable agriculture practice.
Download or read book Mosaic written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Soil Science by : Rattan Lal
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Soil Science written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 2804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Improved Global Edition: Three-Volume Set A ready reference addressing a multitude of soil and soil management concerns, the highly anticipated and widely expanded third edition of Encyclopedia of Soil Science now spans three volumes and covers ground on a global scale. A definitive guide designed for both coursework and self-study, this latest version describes every branch of soil science and delves into trans-disciplinary issues that focus on inter-connectivity or the nexus approach. For Soil Scientists, Crop Scientists, Plant Scientists and More A host of contributors from around the world weigh in on underlying themes relevant to natural and agricultural ecosystems. Factoring in a rapidly changing climate and a vastly growing population, they sound off on topics that include soil degradation, climate change, soil carbon sequestration, food and nutritional security, hidden hunger, water quality, non-point source pollution, micronutrients, and elemental transformations. New in the Third Edition: Contains over 600 entries Offers global geographical and thematic coverage Entries peer reviewed by subject experts Addresses current issues of global significance Encyclopedia of Soil Science, Third Edition: Three Volume Set expertly explains the science of soil and describes the material in terms that are easily accessible to researchers, students, academicians, policy makers, and laymen alike. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Book Synopsis Standard Soil Methods for Long-term Ecological Research by : G. P. Robertson
Download or read book Standard Soil Methods for Long-term Ecological Research written by G. P. Robertson and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of the volume is to facilitate cross-site synthesis and evaluation of ecosystem processes. The book is the first broadly based compendium of standardized soil measurement methods and will be an invaluable resource for ecologists, agronomists, and soil scientists."--BOOK JACKET.
Book Synopsis Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture by : Todd S. Rosenstock
Download or read book Methods for Measuring Greenhouse Gas Balances and Evaluating Mitigation Options in Smallholder Agriculture written by Todd S. Rosenstock and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides standards and guidelines for quantifying greenhouse gas emissions and removals in smallholder agricultural systems and comparing options for climate change mitigation based on emission reductions and livelihood trade-offs. Globally, agriculture is directly responsible for about 11% of annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and induces an additional 17% through land use change, mostly in developing countries. Farms in the developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are predominately managed by smallholders, with 80% of land holdings smaller than ten hectares. However, little to no information exists on greenhouse gas emissions and mitigation potentials in smallholder agriculture. Greenhouse gas measurements in agriculture are expensive, time consuming, and error prone, challenges only exacerbated by the heterogeneity of smallholder systems and landscapes. Concerns over methodological rigor, measurement costs, and the diversity of approaches, coupled with the demand for robust information suggest it is germane for the scientific community to establish standards of measurements for quantifying GHG emissions from smallholder agriculture. Standard guidelines for use by scientists, development organizations will help generate reliable data on emissions baselines and allow rigorous comparisons of mitigation options. The guidelines described in this book, developed by the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture, and Food Security (CCAFS) and partners, are intended to inform anyone conducting field measurements of agricultural greenhouse gas sources and sinks, especially to develop IPCC Tier 2 emission factors or to compare mitigation options in smallholder systems.
Book Synopsis Temporal and Cropping System Effects on Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Long-term Agroecosystems by : Kalyn M. Diederich
Download or read book Temporal and Cropping System Effects on Labile Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in Long-term Agroecosystems written by Kalyn M. Diederich and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases by : Mark Liebig
Download or read book Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases written by Mark Liebig and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global climate change is a natural process that currently appears to be strongly influenced by human activities, which increase atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHG). Agriculture contributes about 20% of the world's global radiation forcing from carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, and produces 50% of the methane and 70% of the nitrous oxide of the human-induced emission. Managing Agricultural Greenhouse Gases synthesizes the wealth of information generated from the GRACEnet (Greenhouse gas Reduction through Agricultural Carbon Enhancement network) effort with contributors from a variety of backgrounds, and reports findings with important international applications. - Frames responses to challenges associated with climate change within the geographical domain of the U.S., while providing a useful model for researchers in the many parts of the world that possess similar ecoregions - Covers not only soil C dynamics but also nitrous oxide and methane flux, filling a void in the existing literature - Educates scientists and technical service providers conducting greenhouse gas research, industry, and regulators in their agricultural research by addressing the issues of GHG emissions and ways to reduce these emissions - Synthesizes the data from top experts in the world into clear recommendations and expectations for improvements in the agricultural management of global warming potential as an aggregate of GHG emissions
