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Criminal Policy And Sentencing In Transition
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Book Synopsis Criminal Policy in Transition by : Penny Green
Download or read book Criminal Policy in Transition written by Penny Green and published by Hart Publishing. This book was released on 2000-11 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Criminal Policy in Transition comes along at a time when the literature in criminology is desperately short of “global” perspectives. It helps fill that gap while it presents important new insights into changing penal policy and practice. That it raises as many questions as it seems to answer is one of its great strengths. The authors write knowledgeably about their home societies without being prematurely bounded by comparative criteria. As a result,they develop a complex and uneven image of similarities and differences, of divergence and convergence through time. In this sense the collection offers a model of how international collaborative work should proceed. The book is the product of a workshop held at the International Institute for the Sociology of Law (IISL) in Onati, Spain. The IISL is a partnership between the Research Committee on the Sociology of Law and the Basque Government
Book Synopsis Sentencing in the Federal Courts by : Douglas McDonald
Download or read book Sentencing in the Federal Courts written by Douglas McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Discussion paper from the BJS Federal Justice Statistics Program."--Cover.
Book Synopsis Criminal Policy and Sentencing in Transition by : Panu Minkkinen
Download or read book Criminal Policy and Sentencing in Transition written by Panu Minkkinen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sentencing in the Federal Courts by : Douglas McDonald
Download or read book Sentencing in the Federal Courts written by Douglas McDonald and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines racial & ethnic disparities imposed on federal offenders before & after implementation of sentencing guidelines authorized by the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, & the mandatory minimum imprisonment provisions of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. Patterns in sentences for whites, blacks, & Hispanics were analyzed by controlling for explanatory variables that may be correlated with race or ethnicity. 75 charts, tables & graphs.
Book Synopsis Federal Sentencing in Transition, 1986-90 by : Douglas McDonald
Download or read book Federal Sentencing in Transition, 1986-90 written by Douglas McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guidelines Manual by : United States Sentencing Commission
Download or read book Guidelines Manual written by United States Sentencing Commission and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Politics of the Death Penalty in Countries in Transition by : Madoka Futamura
Download or read book The Politics of the Death Penalty in Countries in Transition written by Madoka Futamura and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the number of countries that have abolished the death penalty since the end of the Second World War shows a steady trend towards worldwide abolition of capital punishment. This book focuses on the political and legal issues raised by the death penalty in "countries in transition", understood as countries that have transitioned or are transitioning from conflict to peace, or from authoritarianism to democracy. In such countries, the politics that surround retaining or abolishing the death penalty are embedded in complex state-building processes. In this context, Madoka Futamura and Nadia Bernaz bring together the work of leading researchers of international law, human rights, transitional justice, and international politics in order to explore the social, political and legal factors that shape decisions on the death penalty, whether this leads to its abolition, reinstatement or perpetuation. Covering a diverse range of transitional processes in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the Middle East, The Politics of the Death Penalty in Countries in Transition offers a broad evaluation of countries whose death penalty policies have rarely been studied. The book would be useful to human rights researchers and international lawyers, in demonstrating how transition and transformation, ‘provide the catalyst for several of interrelated developments of which one is the reduction and elimination of capital punishment’.
Book Synopsis Women's Transitions from Prison by : Rosemary Sheehan
Download or read book Women's Transitions from Prison written by Rosemary Sheehan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women continue to be one of the fastest growing groups of offenders with an increasing group of women involved in the criminal justice system around the world. Whilst internationally women comprise a low percentage of the total prison population, there is an escalating use of custody inextricably linked to the high levels of personal and social needs of women involved in the justice system. This book presents original research undertaken with Corrections Victoria, Australia, which examines the effectiveness of services and programmes women access in prison and after release, and the impact of this on successful reintegration into the community and on other trends such as reoffending. Victoria’s Department of Justice introduced the Better Pathways strategy in response to a growing number of women entering the Victorian corrections system, and the concerning extent to which prison is used for women with inadequate accommodation and complex treatment and support needs. The strategy was developed to address the causes of women's offending and to try and help break the cycle of women's reoffending, by funding more holistic initiatives to support women in their transition to life after prison. It is well acknowledged that pathways into offending by women can also be the factors that most affect their reintegration. The research outlined in this book presents data about individual women’s pathways through the programmes offered as part of the Better Pathways strategy and the views of the women themselves about the effectiveness of these programmes. Negligible research attention has been paid to what services and programmes are effective for women after prison. This book addresses this gap and provides a cohesive presentation of the key issues salient to the needs of women offenders.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Moving Corrections and Sentencing Forward by : Pamela K. Lattimore
Download or read book Handbook on Moving Corrections and Sentencing Forward written by Pamela K. Lattimore and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-11-10 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses major issues and research in corrections and sentencing with the goal of using previous research and findings as a platform for recommendations about future research, evaluation, and policy. The last several decades witnessed major policy changes in sentencing and corrections in the United States, as well as considerable research to identify the most effective strategies for addressing criminal behavior. These efforts included changes in sentencing that eliminated parole and imposed draconian sentences for violent and drug crimes. The federal government, followed by most states, implemented sentencing guidelines that greatly reduced the discretion of the courts to impose sentences. The results were a multifold increase in the numbers of individuals in jails and prisons and on community supervision—increases that have only recently crested. There were also efforts to engage prosecutors and the courts in diversion and oversight, including the development of prosecutorial diversion programs, as well as a variety of specialty courts. Penal reform has included efforts to understand the transitions from prison to the community, including federal-led efforts focused on reentry programming. Community corrections reforms have ranged from increased surveillance through drug testing, electronic monitoring, and in some cases, judicial oversight, to rehabilitative efforts driven by risk and needs assessment. More recently, the focus has included pretrial reform to reduce the number of people held in jail pending trial, efforts that have brought attention to the use of bail and its disproportionate impact on people of color and the poor. This collection of chapters from leading researchers addresses a wide array of the latest research in the field. A unique approach featuring responses to the original essays by active researchers spurs discussion and provides a foundation for developing directions for future research and policymaking.
Author :Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :9780309298018 Total Pages :800 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (98 download)
Book Synopsis The Growth of Incarceration in the United States by : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
Download or read book The Growth of Incarceration in the United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-12-31 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
Book Synopsis Criminal Careers in Transition by : Stephen Farrall
Download or read book Criminal Careers in Transition written by Stephen Farrall and published by Clarendon Studies in Criminolo. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study follows the completion of a fifth sweep of interviews with members of a cohort of former probationers interviewed since the late 1990s. The research has been about developing a long-term evidence base, rather than a rapid assessment which does not have the time fully to explore the issue, namely whether (and how) probation supervision assists desistance from crime. The book explores how probation supervision helped people to stop offending, and investigates new areas (such as victimization, citizenship, emotional trajectories of reform, & the spatial dynamics of desistance).
Book Synopsis Criminal Sentencing in Transition by : Don M. Gottfredson
Download or read book Criminal Sentencing in Transition written by Don M. Gottfredson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Transition from Retributive to Transformative Justice by : Cory Contini
Download or read book The Transition from Retributive to Transformative Justice written by Cory Contini and published by . This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholarly Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Law - Criminal process, Criminology, Law Enforcement, grade: 86, Ottawa University, course: Penal Abolitionism, language: English, comment: 7 works cited, abstract: Crime has long been a stable term with a finite definition, but many modern reforms attack the foundation of retributive justice. Following two incidents of children killing children, this paper will examine various arguments made by Nils Christie (2000) and Louk Hulsman (1986) in regards to crime. This paper will describe and analyse the public and political responses to two notorious cases of the killing of children by children, one in England and one in Norway. Using the works of Christie (2000) and Hulsman (1986), I will present the ways in which the cases were discussed as symptomatic of wider social problems, and how differently England and Norway acted, ultimately portraying their respective juvenile criminal justice system. This paper will examine both the similarities and the differences in the reactions to the killings in England and Norway, arguing that while the similarities may be more obvious the differences may be more instructive. On the surface, both seem like similar cases but because of the different geographical locations, they were handled quite differently. This sets up the context of penological arguments about the emergence of a postmodern penality. To start, one must understand the basis of Christie's (2000) and Hulsman's (1986) theories respectively. Nils Christie (2000) argues that a nation's extent and level of punishment is a normative question. In criminology, the term normative defines the structures within culture which help regulate the proper function of society. These structures encourage and enforce valued social activity and discourage negative acts. Punishment is normative because crime control executives and decision-makers are both free and obliged to choose how far punishment will go. The argument Christie (2
Book Synopsis Transitions Out of Crime by : Catalina Droppelmann
Download or read book Transitions Out of Crime written by Catalina Droppelmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contributes to our knowledge of desistance in a developing country. Offering an intercultural dialogue with mainstream explanations, Transitions Out of Crime analyses the transition from crime to conformity among a group of Chilean juvenile offenders. Desistance from crime is not just the cessation of criminal activity itself, but a process of acquiring roles, identities, and virtues; of developing new social ties, and of inhabiting new spaces. This book offers new evidence that shows that the traditional binary between the ‘reformed desister’ and the ‘anti-social persister’ is inaccurate and that the road to desistance contains various oscillations between crime and conformity. Furthermore, this study shows the role that gender plays in shaping, limiting and structuring pathways away from crime. Written in a clear and direct style, this book will appeal to those engaged in criminology, sociology, penology, desistance, rehabilitation, gender studies and all those interested in the transition from crime to conformity outside the Anglo-American orthodoxy.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections by : Joan Petersilia
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Sentencing and Corrections written by Joan Petersilia and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook surveys American sentencing and corrections from global and historical views, from theoretical and policy perspectives, and with attention to a number of problem-specific issues.
Book Synopsis Sentencing and the Legitimacy of Trial Justice by : Ralph Henham
Download or read book Sentencing and the Legitimacy of Trial Justice written by Ralph Henham and published by . This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the under-researched relationship between sentencing and the legitimacy of punishment. It argues that there is an increasing gap between what is perceived as legitimate punishment and the sentencing decisions of the criminal courts. Drawing on a wide variety of empirical research evidence, the book explores how sentencing could be developed within a more socially-inclusive framework for the delivery of trial justice. In the international context, such developments are directly relevant to the future role of the International Criminal Court, especially its ability to deliver more coherent and inclusive trial outcomes that contribute to social reconstruction. Similarly, in the national context, these issues have a vital role to play in helping to re-position trial justice as a credible cornerstone of criminal justice governance where social diversity persists. In so doing the book should help policy-makers in appreciating the likely implications for criminal trials of 'mainstreaming' restorative forms of justice. Sentencing and the Legitimacy of Trial Justice firmly ties the issue of legitimacy to the relevant context for delivering 'justice'. It suggests a need to develop the tools and methods for achieving this and offers some novel solutions to this complex problem. This book will be a valuable resource for graduate students, academics, practitioners and policy makers in the field of criminal justice as well as scholars interested in socio-legal and cross-disciplinary approaches to the analysis of criminal process and sentencing and the development of theory and comparative methodology in this area.
Book Synopsis Sentencing Fragments by : Michael Tonry
Download or read book Sentencing Fragments written by Michael Tonry and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost everyone agrees--Right on Crime, the ACLU, Koch Industries, George Soros's Open Society Foundation, the editorial boards of the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal--that America's current systems for sentencing criminal offenders are a shambles, with crazy quilts of incompatible and conflicting laws, policies, and practices in every state and the federal system. Most everyone agrees that punishments are too severe, and too many people are in prison. However, the kinds of major changes required to undo mass incarceration and rebuild American sentencing are simply not happening. Despite well-intentioned rhetoric and media coverage, there has been very little meaningful change. In Sentencing Fragments, Michael Tonry explains what needs to be done to rebuild just systems of sentencing and punishment, and how to do it. This book tells the story of sentencing policy changes since 1975, examines research findings concerning their effects, and explains what does and does not work. Beyond calling attention to the devastating effects on the lives of the poor and disadvantaged and the latest empirical evidence, Tonry identifies the common moral theories behind criminal sentencing--as well as their larger assumptions about human nature--and discusses the ways in which different theories have bred very different sentencing policies. Sentencing Fragments concludes with a set of proposals for creating better policies and practices for the future, calling for American legislators and politicians to remake sentencing into the humane and just process that it always should have been. In lucid and engaging prose, Michael Tonry reveals the historical foundation for the current state of the American criminal justice system, while simultaneously offering a game plan for long overdue reform.
