Creating the American Mind

Download Creating the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780742548398
Total Pages : 404 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (483 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Creating the American Mind by : J. David Hoeveler

Download or read book Creating the American Mind written by J. David Hoeveler and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2007-04-09 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nine colleges of colonial America confronted the major political currents of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, while serving as the primary intellectual institutions for Puritanism and the transition to Enlightenment thought. The colleges also confronted the most partisan and divisive cultural movement of the eighteenth century--the Great Awakening. Creating the American Mind is the first book to present a synthetic treatment of the colonial colleges, tracing their role in the intellectual development of early Americans through the Revolution. Distinguished historian J. David Hoeveler focuses on Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, the College of New Jersey (Princeton), King's College (Columbia), the College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania), Queen's College (Rutgers), the College of Rhode Island (Brown), and Dartmouth. Hoeveler pays special attention to the collegiate experience of prominent Americans, including Jefferson, Hamilton, and Madison. Written in clear and engaging prose, Creating the American Mind will be of great value to historians and educators interested in rediscovering the institutions that first fostered American intellectual thought.

The Coddling of the American Mind

Download The Coddling of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0735224919
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (352 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Coddling of the American Mind by : Greg Lukianoff

Download or read book The Coddling of the American Mind written by Greg Lukianoff and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2019-08-20 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York Times Bestseller • Finalist for the 2018 National Book Critics Circle Award in Nonfiction • A New York Times Notable Book • Bloomberg Best Book of 2018 “Their distinctive contribution to the higher-education debate is to meet safetyism on its own, psychological turf . . . Lukianoff and Haidt tell us that safetyism undermines the freedom of inquiry and speech that are indispensable to universities.” —Jonathan Marks, Commentary “The remedies the book outlines should be considered on college campuses, among parents of current and future students, and by anyone longing for a more sane society.” —Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Something has been going wrong on many college campuses in the last few years. Speakers are shouted down. Students and professors say they are walking on eggshells and are afraid to speak honestly. Rates of anxiety, depression, and suicide are rising—on campus as well as nationally. How did this happen? First Amendment expert Greg Lukianoff and social psychologist Jonathan Haidt show how the new problems on campus have their origins in three terrible ideas that have become increasingly woven into American childhood and education: What doesn’t kill you makes you weaker; always trust your feelings; and life is a battle between good people and evil people. These three Great Untruths contradict basic psychological principles about well-being and ancient wisdom from many cultures. Embracing these untruths—and the resulting culture of safetyism—interferes with young people’s social, emotional, and intellectual development. It makes it harder for them to become autonomous adults who are able to navigate the bumpy road of life. Lukianoff and Haidt investigate the many social trends that have intersected to promote the spread of these untruths. They explore changes in childhood such as the rise of fearful parenting, the decline of unsupervised, child-directed play, and the new world of social media that has engulfed teenagers in the last decade. They examine changes on campus, including the corporatization of universities and the emergence of new ideas about identity and justice. They situate the conflicts on campus within the context of America’s rapidly rising political polarization and dysfunction. This is a book for anyone who is confused by what is happening on college campuses today, or has children, or is concerned about the growing inability of Americans to live, work, and cooperate across party lines.

Closing of the American Mind

Download Closing of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1439126267
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Closing of the American Mind by : Allan Bloom

Download or read book Closing of the American Mind written by Allan Bloom and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brilliant, controversial, bestselling critique of American culture that “hits with the approximate force and effect of electroshock therapy” (The New York Times)—now featuring a new afterword by Andrew Ferguson in a twenty-fifth anniversary edition. In 1987, eminent political philosopher Allan Bloom published The Closing of the American Mind, an appraisal of contemporary America that “hits with the approximate force and effect of electroshock therapy” (The New York Times) and has not only been vindicated, but has also become more urgent today. In clear, spirited prose, Bloom argues that the social and political crises of contemporary America are part of a larger intellectual crisis: the result of a dangerous narrowing of curiosity and exploration by the university elites. Now, in this twenty-fifth anniversary edition, acclaimed author and journalist Andrew Ferguson contributes a new essay that describes why Bloom’s argument caused such a furor at publication and why our culture so deeply resists its truths today.

The Opening of the American Mind

Download The Opening of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 9780807031193
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Opening of the American Mind by : Lawrence W. Levine

Download or read book The Opening of the American Mind written by Lawrence W. Levine and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 1997-08-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publicly greeted as the definitive answer to recent attacks on the university, Lawrence W. Levine's book is a brilliantly argued positive vision of American education and culture.

The Branding of the American Mind

Download The Branding of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421420805
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Branding of the American Mind by : Jacob H. Rooksby

Download or read book The Branding of the American Mind written by Jacob H. Rooksby and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2016-12 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presuming no background knowledge of intellectual property, and ending with a call to action, The Branding of the American Mind explores applicable laws, legal regimes, and precedent in plain English, making the book appealing to anyone concerned for the future of higher education.

The State of the American Mind

Download The State of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Templeton Foundation Press
ISBN 13 : 159947459X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (994 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The State of the American Mind by : Mark Bauerlein

Download or read book The State of the American Mind written by Mark Bauerlein and published by Templeton Foundation Press. This book was released on 2015-05-22 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1987, Allan Bloom’s The Closing of the American Mind was published; a wildly popular book that drew attention to the shift in American culture away from the tenants that made America—and Americans—unique. Bloom focused on a breakdown in the American curriculum, but many sensed that the issue affected more than education. The very essence of what it meant to be an American was disappearing. That was over twenty years ago. Since then, the United States has experienced unprecedented wealth, more youth enrolling in higher education than ever before, and technology advancements far beyond what many in the 1980s dreamed possible. And yet, the state of the American mind seems to have deteriorated further. Benjamin Franklin’s “self-made man” has become a man dependent on the state. Independence has turned into self-absorption. Liberty has been curtailed in the defense of multiculturalism. In order to fully grasp the underpinnings of this shift away from the self-reliant, well-informed American, editors Mark Bauerlein and Adam Bellow have brought together a group of cultural and educational experts to discuss the root causes of the decline of the American mind. The writers of these fifteen original essays include E. D. Hirsch, Nicholas Eberstadt, and Dennis Prager, as well as Daniel Dreisbach, Gerald Graff, Richard Arum, Robert Whitaker, David T. Z. Mindich, Maggie Jackson, Jean Twenge, Jonathan Kay, Ilya Somin, Steve Wasserman, Greg Lukianoff, and R. R. Reno. Their essays are compiled into three main categories: · States of Mind: Indicators of Intellectual and Cognitive Decline These essays broach specific mental deficiencies among the population, including lagging cultural IQ, low Biblical literacy, poor writing skills, and over-medication. · Personal and Cognitive Habits/Interests These essays turn to specific mental behaviors and interests, including avoidance of the news, short attention spans, narcissism, and conspiracy obsessions. · National Consequences These essays examine broader trends affecting populations and institutions, including rates of entitlement claims, voting habits, and a low-performing higher education system. The State of the American Mind is both an assessment of our current state as well as a warning, foretelling what we may yet become. For anyone interested in the intellectual fate of America, The State of the American Mind offers an accessible and critical look at life in America and how our collective mind is faring.

The Founders and the Idea of a National University

Download The Founders and the Idea of a National University PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107083435
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Founders and the Idea of a National University by : George Thomas

Download or read book The Founders and the Idea of a National University written by George Thomas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Constituting the American Mind is about early efforts to establish a national university and what those efforts say about the nature and logic of American Constitutionalism. This book offers the first in depth study of the efforts to establish a national university from a constitutional perspective. While mostly noted in passing, the national university was put forward by every president from Washington to John Quincy Adams as a necessary supplement to the formal institutions of government; it would help constitute the American mind in a manner that carried forward the ideas the constitution rested on including, for example, the separation of the "civic" from the "theological.""--

The Hacking of the American Mind

Download The Hacking of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 1101982594
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Hacking of the American Mind by : Robert H. Lustig

Download or read book The Hacking of the American Mind written by Robert H. Lustig and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2017-09-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Explores how industry has manipulated our most deep-seated survival instincts."—David Perlmutter, MD, Author, #1 New York Times bestseller, Grain Brain and Brain Maker The New York Times–bestselling author of Fat Chance reveals the corporate scheme to sell pleasure, driving the international epidemic of addiction, depression, and chronic disease. While researching the toxic and addictive properties of sugar for his New York Times bestseller Fat Chance, Robert Lustig made an alarming discovery—our pursuit of happiness is being subverted by a culture of addiction and depression from which we may never recover. Dopamine is the “reward” neurotransmitter that tells our brains we want more; yet every substance or behavior that releases dopamine in the extreme leads to addiction. Serotonin is the “contentment” neurotransmitter that tells our brains we don’t need any more; yet its deficiency leads to depression. Ideally, both are in optimal supply. Yet dopamine evolved to overwhelm serotonin—because our ancestors were more likely to survive if they were constantly motivated—with the result that constant desire can chemically destroy our ability to feel happiness, while sending us down the slippery slope to addiction. In the last forty years, government legislation and subsidies have promoted ever-available temptation (sugar, drugs, social media, porn) combined with constant stress (work, home, money, Internet), with the end result of an unprecedented epidemic of addiction, anxiety, depression, and chronic disease. And with the advent of neuromarketing, corporate America has successfully imprisoned us in an endless loop of desire and consumption from which there is no obvious escape. With his customary wit and incisiveness, Lustig not only reveals the science that drives these states of mind, he points his finger directly at the corporations that helped create this mess, and the government actors who facilitated it, and he offers solutions we can all use in the pursuit of happiness, even in the face of overwhelming opposition. Always fearless and provocative, Lustig marshals a call to action, with seminal implications for our health, our well-being, and our culture.

The Splintering of the American Mind

Download The Splintering of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1635571332
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (355 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Splintering of the American Mind by : William Egginton

Download or read book The Splintering of the American Mind written by William Egginton and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely, provocative, necessary look at how identity politics has come to dominate college campuses and higher education in America at the expense of a more essential commitment to equality. Thirty years after the culture wars, identity politics is now the norm on college campuses-and it hasn't been an unalloyed good for our education system or the country. Though the civil rights movement, feminism, and gay pride led to profoundly positive social changes, William Egginton argues that our culture's increasingly narrow focus on individual rights puts us in a dangerous place. The goal of our education system, and particularly the liberal arts, was originally to strengthen community; but the exclusive focus on individualism has led to a new kind of intolerance, degrades our civic discourse, and fatally distracts progressive politics from its commitment to equality. Egginton argues that our colleges and universities have become exclusive, expensive clubs for the cultural and economic elite instead of a national, publicly funded project for the betterment of the country. Only a return to the goals of community, and the egalitarian values underlying a liberal arts education, can head off the further fracturing of the body politic and the splintering of the American mind. With lively, on-the-ground reporting and trenchant analysis, The Splintering of the American Mind is a powerful book that is guaranteed to be controversial within academia and beyond. At this critical juncture, the book challenges higher education and every American to reengage with our history and its contexts, and to imagine our nation in new and more inclusive ways.

Expanding the American Mind

Download Expanding the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of Massachusetts Press
ISBN 13 : 9781558498174
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (981 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Expanding the American Mind by : Beth Luey

Download or read book Expanding the American Mind written by Beth Luey and published by Univ of Massachusetts Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compares fiction and non-fiction - their relative respectability in the eyes of reading experts and in the opinions of readers themselves. This title traces the roots of popularization from the Middle Ages onwards, examining changes in literacy, education, and university politics

The Stakes

Download The Stakes PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1684510732
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (845 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Stakes by : Michael Anton

Download or read book The Stakes written by Michael Anton and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AMERICA AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN The next election is the most important one America has faced in more than a century. That’s not campaign hype. America is divided as almost never before—with contesting political factions regarding themselves not as rivals but as enemies. And the frightening thing is that, in large part, they’re right. The Democratic Party has become the party of “identity politics”—and every one of those identities is defined against a unifying national heritage of patriotism, pride in America’s past, and hope for a shared future. Offering only antagonism based on group identity—whether race, sex, or something else—the Democrats look forward to imposing nationally what they have achieved in California: one-party rule in a lockdown nation, where the ruling class makes every decision and doles out benefits to favored groups. Against them is a divided Republican Party. Gravely misunderstanding the opposition, old-style Republicans still seek bipartisanship and accommodation, wrongly assuming that Democrats care about playing by the tiresome old rules laid down in the Constitution and other fundamental charters of American liberty. The new core of the Republican Party is the populists and nationalists, who are tired of losing. The party’s only hope of victory, they are all that stand between the United States as we have traditionally understood it and a revolution—less dramatic in appearance but just as consequential as the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. Michael Anton, the author of the most scathing, memorable, and quoted essay of the 2016 campaign season, “The Flight 93 Election”—which Rush Limbaugh called “one of the greatest columns ever written”—now explains in depth why the stakes have risen even higher. Ranging across every hot-button political topic of our time—from immigration to nationalism to war—and informed by a profound understanding of classical and American political philosophy, The Stakes will transform the way you view politics and America’s future.

Battle for the American Mind

Download Battle for the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0063215071
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (632 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Battle for the American Mind by : Pete Hegseth

Download or read book Battle for the American Mind written by Pete Hegseth and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2022-06-14 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER! FOX News host Pete Hegseth is back with what he says is his most important book yet: A revolutionary road map to saving our children from leftist indoctrination. Behind a smokescreen of “preparing students for the new industrial economy,” early progressives had political control in mind. America’s original schools didn’t just make kids memorize facts or learn skills; they taught them to think freely and arrive at wisdom. They assigned the classics, inspired love of God and country, and raised future citizens that changed the world forever. Today, after 16,000 hours of K-12 indoctrination, our kids come out of government schools hating America. They roll their eyes at religion and disdain our history. We spend more money on education than ever, but kids can barely read and write—let alone reason with discernment. Western culture is on the ropes. Kids are bored and aimless, flailing for purpose in a system that says racial and gender identity is everything. Battle for the American Mind is the untold story of the Progressive plan to neutralize the basis of our Republic – by removing the one ingredient that had sustained Western Civilization for thousands of years. Pete Hegseth and David Goodwin explain why, no matter what political skirmishes conservatives win, progressives are winning the war—and control the “supply lines” of future citizens. Reversing this reality will require parents to radically reorient their children’s education; even most homeschooling and Christian schooling are infused with progressive assumptions. We need to recover a lost philosophy of education – grounded in virtue and excellence – that can arm future generations to fight for freedom. It’s called classical Christian education. Never heard of it? You’re not alone. Battle for the American Mind is more than a book; it’s a field guide for remaking school in the United States. We’ve ceded our kids’ minds to the left for far too long—this book gives patriotic parents the ammunition to join an insurgency that gives America a fighting chance.

Media and the American Mind

Download Media and the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807899208
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Media and the American Mind by : Daniel J. Czitrom

Download or read book Media and the American Mind written by Daniel J. Czitrom and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2010-02-03 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a fascinating and comprehensive intellectual history of modern communication in America, Daniel Czitrom examines the continuing contradictions between the progressive possibilities that new communications technologies offer and their use as instruments of domination and exploitation.

America's Revolutionary Mind

Download America's Revolutionary Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Encounter Books
ISBN 13 : 1641770678
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (417 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis America's Revolutionary Mind by : C. Bradley Thompson

Download or read book America's Revolutionary Mind written by C. Bradley Thompson and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's Revolutionary Mind is the first major reinterpretation of the American Revolution since the publication of Bernard Bailyn's The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution and Gordon S. Wood's The Creation of the American Republic. The purpose of this book is twofold: first, to elucidate the logic, principles, and significance of the Declaration of Independence as the embodiment of the American mind; and, second, to shed light on what John Adams once called the "real American Revolution"; that is, the moral revolution that occurred in the minds of the people in the fifteen years before 1776. The Declaration is used here as an ideological road map by which to chart the intellectual and moral terrain traveled by American Revolutionaries as they searched for new moral principles to deal with the changed political circumstances of the 1760s and early 1770s. This volume identifies and analyzes the modes of reasoning, the patterns of thought, and the new moral and political principles that served American Revolutionaries first in their intellectual battle with Great Britain before 1776 and then in their attempt to create new Revolutionary societies after 1776. The book reconstructs what amounts to a near-unified system of thought—what Thomas Jefferson called an “American mind” or what I call “America’s Revolutionary mind.” This American mind was, I argue, united in its fealty to a common philosophy that was expressed in the Declaration and launched with the words, “We hold these truths to be self-evident.”

Cloning of the American Mind

Download Cloning of the American Mind PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Huntington House Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781563841477
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (414 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cloning of the American Mind by : Beverly K. Eakman

Download or read book Cloning of the American Mind written by Beverly K. Eakman and published by Huntington House Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eradicating morality through education.

State of Confusion

Download State of Confusion PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 1429927453
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis State of Confusion by : Bryant Welch

Download or read book State of Confusion written by Bryant Welch and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2008-06-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finally, the answer to the many questions that have been preying on the minds of millions of Americans has arrived. Why are Americans so vulnerable to divisive political tactics? Why did Americans get dragged into such an unwise war in Iraq? Why do fundamentalist religious groups, Fox News, and right-wing radio still play such influential roles in America's political landscape? And why are long-accepted rational scientific ideas like evolution under siege? These questions hold America's future in the balance. Ultimately, they are questions about the American mind. Psychologist-attorney Dr. Bryant Welch has the answers. If America is going to change the mind-set that led us to war in Iraq and left us unable to confront our serious national problems, this book is vitally important. Drawing on his unique experience both as a clinical psychologist and a Washington, D.C., political figure with the American Psychological Association, Dr. Welch shows how the long-term effects of sophisticated new forms of political manipulation have not only led to our debacle in Iraq but are also currently undercutting America's ability to address its very serious problems. In the 1944 movie Gaslight, a husband drives his wife to the brink of insanity by playing games with her sense of reality. Just as in the movie, America's most recent political "gaslighters," such as George W. Bush, Karl Rove, Rush Limbaugh, Ann Coulter, and many religious leaders, have generated and exploited confusion in the minds of countless Americans. Gaslighters prey on their victim's vulnerability to paranoia, sexual perplexity, and envy to undermine the mind's ability to function rationally. Welch examines why millions of Americans, in response to such assaults, subconsciously and dangerously create their own simplistic reality, even if it is completely different from the more complex reality of the world. Most important, State of Confusion explains how and why Americans must act now to fight back against this harmful manipulation before it's too late. Dr. Welch's exploration of the American mind is both fascinating and frightening, and State of Confusion is a must-read for everyone who cares about the future of this great country.

Making History

Download Making History PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780231048330
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (483 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Making History by : Richard Flacks

Download or read book Making History written by Richard Flacks and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the puzzling phenomenon of new veiling practices among lower middle class women in Cairo, Egypt. Although these women are part of a modernizing middle class, they also voluntarily adopt a traditional symbol of female subordination. How can this paradox be explained? An explanation emerges which reconceptualizes what appears to be reactionary behavior as a new style of political struggle--as accommodating protest. These women, most of them clerical workers in the large government bureaucracy, are ambivalent about working outside the home, considering it a change which brings new burdens as well as some important benefits. At the same time they realize that leaving home and family is creating an intolerable situation of the erosion of their social status and the loss of their traditional identity. The new veiling expresses women's protest against this. MacLeod argues that the symbolism of the new veiling emerges from this tense subcultural dilemma, involving elements of both resistance and acquiescence.