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Download or read book Costa Rica, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484324072
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)
Download or read book Chad written by International Monetary Fund. African Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes the effect of an IMF Staff-Monitored Program for Chad to enhance economic development. Weak institutional capacity and governance concerns have limited economic development and donor support in Chad. It is highlighted that the reduction in the nonoil primary deficit envisaged in the 2013 budget appears appropriate, but expenditures linked to the regional security situation and lower than anticipated oil revenues imply large financing needs. There are significant economic and political risks to program implementation,; the regional security situation remains volatile, and the economy is highly dependent on volatile oil revenue.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Paraguay: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-06-21 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After two consecutive years of GDP decline driven by external shocks, Paraguay’s economy rebounded in 2021. In 2019, drought and flooding reduced economic growth to -0.4 percent. In 2020, the impact of the pandemic on the secondary and tertiary sectors was partly compensated by a rebound of agriculture and an extensive emergency package, and GDP fell by only 0.8 percent. Growth rebounded to 4.2 percent in 2021, but heatwaves and a severe drought decelerated the recovery and have limited 2022 growth prospects, though a recovery is projected for 2023 and the medium-term. While the loss of agricultural export revenue is affecting Paraguay’s balance of payments in 2022, the external position in 2021 was stronger than the level implied by fundamentals and desirable policies.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Argentina: Staff Report for 2022 Article IV Consultation and Request for an Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund-Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Staff Supplements written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the background of a decade of declining per-capita income and high inflation, the Article IV consultation focused on policies to begin to tackle Argentina’s underlying impediments to sustained growth and low and stable inflation. Avoiding boom-bust dynamics suggests the need for greater emphasis on policies to promote net exports and mobilize domestic saving to finance much-needed investment. Reversing the high degree of financial dollarization, however, will take time and will require a durable commitment to tackle fiscal dominance and strengthen debt sustainability. Meanwhile, addressing budget rigidities is essential to improve Argentina’s resilience to shocks, while reorienting public spending towards investment and innovation is critical to support productivity and reduce intergenerational inequities. Sustained political and social consensus is necessary for policy predictability and to balance demands from financing Argentina’s large social welfare system while also encouraging private investment and formal employment.
Author : International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1475519222
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (755 download)
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses key issues related to the economy of Costa Rica. It bounced back quickly from the global financial crisis; growth has moderated below trend and macro vulnerabilities, mainly from the weak fiscal position, are rising. Policy actions have been broadly consistent with past IMF advice. A third year of growth below potential has resulted in a moderate output gap. The central bank took advantage of the favorable shock from lower oil prices to reduce its inflation target range. The exchange rate has been stable despite abandonment of band regime, and reserve accumulation has resumed strongly. The external position is close to equilibrium, with competitiveness largely unchanged in 2014–15.
Author : International Monetary Fund
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451809603
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Costa Rica written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2002-04-24 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economic performance of Costa Rica weakened in 2000. Real GDP growth slowed to 1.7 percent, from more than 8 percent a year in 1998–99, reflecting in part deterioration in terms of trade, the end of the construction phase of a large foreign direct investment project by Intel, and the effect of high real interest rates on domestic demand. Inflation remained at 10 percent during the year. In the structural area, the assembly approved legislation to open up the telecommunications and electricity sectors to private investment.
Download or read book Panama, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513588141
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Panama: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Panama written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After over two decades of unprecedented economic expansion, Panama’s economy contracted sharply in 2020 amidst challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic. As conditions rapidly deteriorated, Panama requested financial support under the Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) for 100 percent of quota equivalent to US$0.5 billion (SDR 0.4 billion) to address immediate balance of payments needs, which the IMF Executive Board approved on April 15, 2020. Subsequently, uncertainties magnified, and Panama requested a two-year arrangement under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) for 500 percent of quota, equivalent to US$2.7 billion (SDR 1.9 billion), as insurance against extreme external shocks, which was approved by the IMF Executive Board on January 19, 2021.
Author : Klaus Schwab
Publisher : World Economic Forum
ISBN 13 : 9295044118
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (95 download)
Download or read book The Global Competitiveness Report 2008–2009 written by Klaus Schwab and published by World Economic Forum. This book was released on 2008 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : M. Ayhan Kose
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815453
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Global Waves of Debt written by M. Ayhan Kose and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global economy has experienced four waves of rapid debt accumulation over the past 50 years. The first three debt waves ended with financial crises in many emerging market and developing economies. During the current wave, which started in 2010, the increase in debt in these economies has already been larger, faster, and broader-based than in the previous three waves. Current low interest rates mitigate some of the risks associated with high debt. However, emerging market and developing economies are also confronted by weak growth prospects, mounting vulnerabilities, and elevated global risks. A menu of policy options is available to reduce the likelihood that the current debt wave will end in crisis and, if crises do take place, will alleviate their impact.
Author : Eduardo Wiesner
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184844026X
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (484 download)
Download or read book The Political Economy of Macroeconomic Policy Reform in Latin America written by Eduardo Wiesner and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a must read for anyone interested in policy reforms in Latin America. The author combines tremendous experience in the field and deep knowledge of economic theory: a rare combination. Alberto Alesina, Harvard University, US One of the key contributions of this book is its insistence on the importance of policy, institutional and political accountability for evaluating and enhancing macroeconomic performance and for reducing inequality. John B. Taylor, Stanford University and Hoover Institution, US Dr Wiesner combines a command of modern political and economic theories and detailed knowledge of Latin America to clarify why reform of policies and institutions has proved so difficult in that region. His general conclusion is that initial conditions of inequality and poverty reduce the demand for reform, but he finds that the process manifests itself differently in different countries. He identifies several necessary conditions for breaking out of these vicious circles. Scholars and practitioners alike can learn from his impressively thorough and detailed analysis. Avinash K. Dixit, Princeton University, US This book argues insightfully that underdevelopment is the result of the political economy difficulties some countries have in the effectiveness of public expenditures in general and of social pro-poor expenditures in particular. The policy implication is that reform strategies should focus on identifying the wrong political incentives in public expenditures. Ricardo Hausmann, Harvard University, US Eduardo Wiesner s book makes an important contribution to the understanding of development by blending together the interdependent issues of (i) macroeconomic performance and volatility, (ii) equity and distributive justice, (iii) fiscal deficits and the redistributive effectiveness of social public expenditures, and (iv) the demand for the right institutions and for policy reform in Latin America. It does this by examining recent macroeconomic crises from a political economy perspective, and finds that information is the critical algorithm that links together the demand for macroeconomic stability, macroeconomic performance and, ultimately, distributive justice. This volume is geared toward those interested in the political economy of development and policy reform in general and in Latin America, including academics, policy makers, and the general reader.
Download or read book Trinidad and Tobago, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Monetary Fund. Research Dept.
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1589064488
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (89 download)
Download or read book IMF Staff Papers, Volume 52, No. 2 written by International Monetary Fund. Research Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2005-08-29 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines contractionary currency crashes in developing countries. It explores the causes of India’s productivity surge around 1980, more than a decade before serious economic reforms were initiated. The paper finds evidence that the trigger may have been an attitudinal shift by the government in the early 1980s that, unlike the reforms of the 1990s, was pro-business rather than pro-market in character, favoring the interests of existing businesses rather than new entrants or consumers. A relatively small shift elicited a large productivity response, because India was far away from its income possibility frontier.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book New Zealand: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-05-13 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Zealand’s management of the pandemic, including health policy and macroeconomic policy support, has been effective in ensuring economic recovery. Output has already recovered to above potential, the labor market is tight, and inflation has risen to above the Reserve Bank of New Zealand’s (RBNZ) target range.
Author : Emanuele Massetti
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Planning and Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate Change in Fiscal Policy written by Emanuele Massetti and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-23 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Staff Climate Note is part of a series of three Notes (IMF Staff Climate Note 2022/001, 2022/002, and 2022/003) that discuss fiscal policies for climate change adaptation. A first Note (Bellon and Massetti 2022, henceforth Note 1) examines the economic principles that can guide the integration of climate change adaptation into fiscal policy. It argues that climate change adaptation should be part of a holistic, sustainable, and equitable development strategy. To maximize the impact of scarce resources, governments need to prioritize among all development programs, including but not limited to adaptation. To this end, they can use cost-benefit analysis while ensuring that the decision-making process reflects society’s preferences about equity and uncertainty. A second Note (Aligishiev, Bellon, and Massetti. 2022, henceforth Note 2) discusses the macro-fiscal implications of climate change adaptation. It reviews evidence on the effectiveness of adaptation at reducing climate change damages, on residual risks, and on adaptation investment needs, and suggests ways to integrate climate risks and adaptation costs into national macro-fiscal frameworks with the goal of guiding fiscal policy. It stresses that lower-income vulnerable countries, which have typically not contributed much to climate change, face exacerbated challenges that warrant increased international support. This third Note considers how to translate adaptation principles and estimates of climate impacts into effective policies.
Author : International Monetary
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513594451
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)
Download or read book Kingdom of the Netherlands—Curaçao and Sint Maarten: 2021 Article IV Consultation Discussions; Press Release and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic inflicted another major shock on the economies of Curaçao and Sint Maarten, which followed category 5 hurricanes in Sint Maarten in 2017 and the spillovers of the Venezuelan crisis on Curaçao. Despite the substantial response measures financed by The Netherlands, the economic contraction in 2020 was severe.
Download or read book Belize, Staff Report for the ... Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
