Cost Effective Techniques To Improve The Performance And Efficiency Of Cdte Solar Modules

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Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules

Author : Tawfeeq Kadheem Al-Hamdi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules by : Tawfeeq Kadheem Al-Hamdi

Download or read book Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules written by Tawfeeq Kadheem Al-Hamdi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shortage in supplying the electricity has stimulated many countries to generate more electricity from clean sources such as utilizing the solar energy in producing the required electricity through using the photovoltaics (PV) technology. Recently, the competition between different PV technologies has started to control the biggest portion of the electricity market. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV technology has many traits over the silicon one. However, the decline in the performance because of the increase in their temperature, their high initial investment cost, and low efficiency because the low open-circuit voltage (Voc) could all together limit the extensive utilization of CdTe solar modules. A simple, cheap, and commercially applicable passive cooling mechanism has been presented to mitigate the elevated temperatures problem. It uses a flat sheet of aluminum to perform dual functions; a flat solar concentrator and a heat extractor. The high initial investment cost and the low Voc of the CdTe solar module have been addressed by presenting new cost-effective and doped absorber materials with tailored characteristics to enable high-efficiency CdTe solar modules. High-pressure Bridgman (HPB) technique has been used to achieve this dual-task by combining the synthesize, growth, and doping of CdTe and CdSeTe feedstock materials for CdTe solar modules into one process.The results of the passive cooling technique showed that a concentrator angle of 30o to 40o from the vertical with a thickness of 0.01905 m would be the best selection to guarantee a good balance between high output power and high efficiency for the CdTe solar module. The synthesis, growth, and doping of the feedstock materials have been successfully conducted into a single step by using the HPB. The HPB offers higher growth rates, lower growth time, higher purity than other growth techniques, and the feedstock materials mass could be scaled to more than >20 kg with a cost reduction of 45% per kg. The measured active doping concentration was ~1017 cm-3 and bulk lifetime was from 5 to 40 ns in a deposited solar cell which can raise the efficiency of CdTe solar modules above the present record.

Solar Cells and Modules

Author : Arvind Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Cells and Modules by : Arvind Shah

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Approaches to Fabricating High-efficiency Ultra-thin CdTe Solar Cells

Author : Wei Xia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (875 download)

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Book Synopsis Approaches to Fabricating High-efficiency Ultra-thin CdTe Solar Cells by : Wei Xia

Download or read book Approaches to Fabricating High-efficiency Ultra-thin CdTe Solar Cells written by Wei Xia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This thesis is an investigation of the fabrication, characterization and performance of high-efficiency and ultra-thin CdTe solar cells with an aim of reducing the material usage and cell manufacturing cost. Several approaches have been successfully carried out to directly or indirectly improve the device performance. Major achievements are listed below: 1) A close-spaced sublimation (CSS) process with an improved control of the deposition temperature-time profile was developed to fabricate high-quality ultra-thin CdTe films. Three key factors in the CSS process including oxygen pressure, substrate temperature and thermal etch duration were optimized. 2) A two-stage post-deposition treatment including a high temperature annealing (HTA) followed by a vaporous cadmium chloride treatment (VCC) was developed and optimized for the growth of high-quality CdTe films. The effects of HTA and VCC on ultra-thin CdTe solar cells were revealed by a combination of characterization techniques, including photoluminescence. 3) In a collaborative effort two new back contact buffers, MoOx and Te/Cu, were identified and applied in ultra-thin CdTe solar cells. Substitution of a conventional acid etching method with the new back contact buffers was found to enhance the cell efficiency from ~10% to ~13.5%. Moreover, the new buffers improved the reproducibility of cell fabrication. A low-resistance electrical back contact based on the Te/Cu buffer and Ni as electrode was developed. A thermal activation process was found necessary to promote ohmic contact formation. Cu diffusion into the Te layer and CdTe bulk layer occurred during the thermal activation process and must be controlled to prevent excessive diffusion into the CdS/CdTe junction. The effects of Cu concentration and Te thickness on device performance and cell stability were systematically investigated and a cell efficiency as high as ~15% with good stability has been achieved using an optimized Te/Cu buffer. 4) A novel vaporous zinc chloride treatment was developed for the formation of Cd1xZnxS from CdS films. Compared with conventional fabrication methods, the VZC method features simple setup and operation and is capable of producing Cd1xZnxS films with a homogenous structure. The Zn to Cd doping ratio in Cd1−xZnxS can be easily controlled by adjusting the process parameters. By replacing CdS with a more transparent Cd1−xZnxS as the window layer, CdTe solar cells with a higher (12-14%) short-circuit current, Jsc, have been demonstrated"--Page v-vi.

Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119724708
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.

High-Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis High-Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells by :

Download or read book High-Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin-Film Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules of CdTe and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) have the potential to reach cost-effective PV-generated electricity. These technologies have transitioned from the laboratory to the market place. Pilot production and first-time manufacturing are ramping up to higher capacity and enjoying a flood of venture-capital funding. CIGS solar cells and modules have achieved 19.5% and 13% efficiencies, respectively. Likewise, CdTe cells and modules have reached 16.5% and 10.2% efficiencies, respectively. Even higher efficiencies from the laboratory and from the manufacturing line are only a matter of time. Manufacturing-line yield continues to improve and is surpassing 85%. Long-term stability has been demonstrated for both technologies; however, some failures in the field have also been observed, emphasizing the critical need for understanding degradation mechanisms and packaging options. The long-term potential of the two technologies require R & D emphasis on science and engineering-based challenges to find solutions to achieve targeted cost-effective module performance, and in-field durability. Some of the challenges are common to both, e.g., in-situ process control and diagnostics, thinner absorber, understanding degradation mechanisms, protection from water vapor, and innovation in high-speed processing and module design. Other topics are specific to the technology, such as lower-cost and fast-deposition processes for CIGS, and improved back contact and voltage for CdTe devices.

Fundamentals Of Solar Cells

Author : Alan Fahrenbruch
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323145388
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals Of Solar Cells by : Alan Fahrenbruch

Download or read book Fundamentals Of Solar Cells written by Alan Fahrenbruch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Solar Cells: Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion provides an introduction to the fundamental physical principles of solar cells. It aims to promote the expansion of solar photovoltaics from relatively small and specialized use to a large-scale contribution to energy supply. The book begins with a review of basic concepts such as the source of energy, the role of photovoltaic conversion, the development of photovoltaic cells, and sequence of phenomena involved in solar power generation. This is followed by separate chapters on each of the processes that take place in solar cell. These include solar input; properties of semiconductors; recombination and the flow of photogenerated carriers; charge separation and the characteristics of junction barriers; and calculation of solar efficiency. Subsequent chapters deal with the operation of specific solar cell devices such as a single-crystal homojunction (Si); a single-crystal-heterojunction/buried-homojunction (AlGaAs/GaAs); and a polycrystalline, thin-film cell (CuxS/CdS). This book is intended for upper-level graduate students who have a reasonably good understanding of solid state physics and for scientists and engineers involved in research and development of solar cells.

Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells

Author : A. A. Ojo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319966677
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells by : A. A. Ojo

Download or read book Next Generation Multilayer Graded Bandgap Solar Cells written by A. A. Ojo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will guide Photovoltaics researchers in a new way of thinking about harvesting light energy from all wavelengths of the solar spectrum. It closes the gap between general solar cells books and photovoltaics journal articles, by focusing on the latest developments in our understanding of solid-state device physics. The material presented is experimental and based on II-VI thin-film materials, mainly CdTe-based solar cells. The authors describe the use of new device design, based on multilayer graded bandgap configuration, using CdTe-based solar cells. The authors also explain how the photo-generated currents can be enhanced using multi-step charge carrier production. The possibility of fabricating these devices using low-cost and scalable electroplating is demonstrated. The value of electroplating for large area electronic devices such as PV solar panels, display devices and nano-technology devices are also demonstrated. By enabling new understanding of the engineering of electroplated semiconductor materials and providing an overview of the semiconductor physics and technology, this practical book is ideal to guide researchers, engineers, and manufacturers on future solar cell device designs and fabrications. Discusses in detail the processes of growths, treatments, solar cell device fabrication and solid state physics, improving readers’ understanding of fundamental solid state physics; Enables future improvements in CdTe-based device efficiency; Explains the significance of defects in deposited semiconductor materials and interfaces that affect the material properties and resulting device performance.

High Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells

Author : Rommel Noufi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (956 download)

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Book Synopsis High Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells by : Rommel Noufi

Download or read book High Efficiency CdTe and CIGS Thin Film Solar Cells written by Rommel Noufi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Organic Solar Cells

Author : Pankaj Kumar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498723306
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Solar Cells by : Pankaj Kumar

Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Pankaj Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains detailed information on the types, structure, fabrication, and characterization of organic solar cells (OSCs). It discusses processes to improve efficiencies and the prevention of degradation in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to those based on crystalline silicon and discusses ways to make OSCs more economical. This book provides a practical guide for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for further development in OSC technology.

Energy Research Abstracts

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Research Abstracts by :

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-11 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Thin Film Solar Cells

Author : Jef Poortmans
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470091266
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Thin Film Solar Cells by : Jef Poortmans

Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.

Low-Dimensional Nanoelectronic Devices

Author : Angsuman Sarkar
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000565394
Total Pages : 377 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Low-Dimensional Nanoelectronic Devices by : Angsuman Sarkar

Download or read book Low-Dimensional Nanoelectronic Devices written by Angsuman Sarkar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing cutting-edge research on nanoelectronics and photonic devices and its application in future integrated circuits, this state-of-the-art book tackles the challenges of the different detailed theoretical and analytical models of solving the problems of various nanodevices. The volume also explores from different angles the roles of material composition and choice of materials that now play the most critical role in determining outcomes of low-dimensional nanoelectronic devices. The applications of those findings are extremely beneficial for the computing and telecommunication industries. Beginning with a solid theoretical background for every chapter, this volume covers the hottest areas of present-day electronic engineering. The continuous miniaturization of devices, components, and systems requires corresponding cutting-edge theoretical analysis supported by simulated findings before actual fabrication. That purpose is given maximum focus in this volume, which has interdisciplinary appeal, making it a comprehensive technological volume that deals with underlying aspects of physics, materials, structures in nano-regime, and the corresponding end-product in the form of devices.

Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells

Author : Kentaro Ito
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111843787X
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells by : Kentaro Ito

Download or read book Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide-Based Thin-Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.

Renewable Energy 101

Author : Rob Botwright
Publisher : Rob Botwright
ISBN 13 : 1839387602
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (393 download)

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Book Synopsis Renewable Energy 101 by : Rob Botwright

Download or read book Renewable Energy 101 written by Rob Botwright and published by Rob Botwright. This book was released on 101-01-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 🌞 Welcome to the Renewable Energy 101 Book Bundle! 🌍 Are you ready to unlock the power of renewable energy and shape a greener future? Dive into this comprehensive bundle and embark on a journey through the exciting world of sustainable power. 📚 📘 Book 1: Renewable Energy: A Beginner's Guide to Sustainable Power Discover the basics of renewable energy and why it's crucial for combating climate change. Perfect for beginners, this book provides a solid foundation for understanding renewable energy sources and their potential to revolutionize the way we power our world. 🌱 📗 Book 2: Harnessing the Wind: Advanced Wind Energy Technologies and Applications Explore the cutting-edge technologies driving the wind energy revolution! From wind turbine design to offshore wind farms, this book dives deep into advanced wind energy concepts, making it essential for anyone looking to become an expert in the field. 💨 📕 Book 3: Solar Power Revolution: Strategies for Implementing Photovoltaic Systems Join the solar power revolution and learn how to harness the energy of the sun! This book offers practical strategies for implementing photovoltaic systems, making solar energy accessible and achievable for homeowners, businesses, and communities alike. ☀️ 📙 Book 4: Policy Perspectives in Renewable Energy: Navigating Regulations for a Greener Future Navigate the complex world of renewable energy policy with confidence! From international agreements to national mandates, this book provides valuable insights into the regulatory frameworks shaping the transition to a greener future, empowering you to make informed decisions and drive positive change. 🌱 Whether you're a student, professional, or simply curious about renewable energy, this book bundle has something for everyone. Don't miss out on this opportunity to become a champion for sustainability and join the movement towards a brighter, cleaner future. Get your copy of the Renewable Energy 101 Book Bundle today! 🌿📚

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 538 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.

Minerals Yearbook

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1060 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Minerals Yearbook by :

Download or read book Minerals Yearbook written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films

Author : James Ayodele Oke
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1003813305
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films by : James Ayodele Oke

Download or read book Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films written by James Ayodele Oke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-12-06 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart thin films, composed of functional materials deposited in thin layers, have opened new avenues for the development of flexible, lightweight, and high-performance devices. Optoelectronics and Spintronics in Smart Thin Films presents a comprehensive overview of this emerging area and details the current and near future integration of smart thin films in solar cells, and memory storage. Offers an overview of optoelectronics and spintronics Discusses synthesis of smart nanomaterials Describes deposition techniques and characterization of thin films Considers the integration and application of opto-spintronics for technological advancement of solar cells and memory storage devices Focused on advancing research on this evolving subject, this book is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and engineers in materials, chemical, mechanical, and electrical engineering, as well as applied physics.