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Cost Comparison Of Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactors For Process Heat Applications
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Book Synopsis Cost Comparison of Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactors for Process Heat Applications by :
Download or read book Cost Comparison of Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactors for Process Heat Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 1974, the United States Atomic Energy Commission (USAEC) authorized General Atomic Company, General Electric Company and Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory to assess the available technology for producing process heat utilizing very high temperature nuclear reactors. General Electric and Westinghouse produced concepts for the entire nuclear system, including the balance of plant. The General Atomic assessment included only the nuclear reactor portion of the nuclear plant. United Engineers and Constructors Inc. (UE and C) was requested by the USAEC in November 1974 to prepare an economic comparison of the three conceptual plants. The comparison is divided into three tasks: (1) Develop a balance of plant conceptual design to be combined with the General Atomic concept as a basis for comparison, and estimate the cost of the General Atomic/UE and C concept in July 1974 dollars; (2) Normalize the overall plant costs for the General Atomic/UE and C, General Electric and Westinghouse concepts, compare the costs, and identify significant differences between the concepts; and (3) Estimate the operation and maintenance costs for the General Atomic/UE and C plant and compare with the other concepts. The results of these task studies are discussed.
Book Synopsis Secondary Heat Exchanger Design and Comparison for Advanced High Temperature Reactor by :
Download or read book Secondary Heat Exchanger Design and Comparison for Advanced High Temperature Reactor written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of next generation nuclear reactors, such as the high temperature gas-cooled reactor and advance high temperature reactor (AHTR), are to increase energy efficiency in the production of electricity and provide high temperature heat for industrial processes. The efficient transfer of energy for industrial applications depends on the ability to incorporate effective heat exchangers between the nuclear heat transport system and the industrial process heat transport system. The need for efficiency, compactness, and safety challenge the boundaries of existing heat exchanger technology, giving rise to the following study. Various studies have been performed in attempts to update the secondary heat exchanger that is downstream of the primary heat exchanger, mostly because its performance is strongly tied to the ability to employ more efficient conversion cycles, such as the Rankine super critical and subcritical cycles. This study considers two different types of heat exchangers--helical coiled heat exchanger and printed circuit heat exchanger--as possible options for the AHTR secondary heat exchangers with the following three different options: (1) A single heat exchanger transfers all the heat (3,400 MW(t)) from the intermediate heat transfer loop to the power conversion system or process plants; (2) Two heat exchangers share heat to transfer total heat of 3,400 MW(t) from the intermediate heat transfer loop to the power conversion system or process plants, each exchanger transfers 1,700 MW(t) with a parallel configuration; and (3) Three heat exchangers share heat to transfer total heat of 3,400 MW(t) from the intermediate heat transfer loop to the power conversion system or process plants. Each heat exchanger transfers 1,130 MW(t) with a parallel configuration. A preliminary cost comparison will be provided for all different cases along with challenges and recommendations.
Book Synopsis Engineering Evaluation of Process Heat Applications for Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactors by :
Download or read book Engineering Evaluation of Process Heat Applications for Very High Temperature Nuclear Reactors written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Applications of Nuclear Energy for Process and Space Heat in the United States by : Paul Ludwig Geiringer
Download or read book Potential Applications of Nuclear Energy for Process and Space Heat in the United States written by Paul Ludwig Geiringer and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey and analysis of the potential opportunity for the use of nuclear reactors to satisfy process and space heat requirements in the continental United States and Alaska has been completed. The greatest emphasis has been devoted to manufacturing industries that utilize large quantities of process heat.
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Complexity Study of Nuclear Reactor and Process Heat Application Integration by :
Download or read book Dynamic Complexity Study of Nuclear Reactor and Process Heat Application Integration written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract This paper describes the key obstacles and challenges facing the integration of nuclear reactors with process heat applications as they relate to dynamic issues. The paper also presents capabilities of current modeling and analysis tools available to investigate these issues. A pragmatic approach to an analysis is developed with the ultimate objective of improving the viability of nuclear energy as a heat source for process industries. The extension of nuclear energy to process heat industries would improve energy security and aid in reduction of carbon emissions by reducing demands for foreign derived fossil fuels. The paper begins with an overview of nuclear reactors and process application for potential use in an integrated system. Reactors are evaluated against specific characteristics that determine their compatibility with process applications such as heat outlet temperature. The reactor system categories include light water, heavy water, small to medium, near term high-temperature, and far term high temperature reactors. Low temperature process systems include desalination, district heating, and tar sands and shale oil recovery. High temperature processes that support hydrogen production include steam reforming, steam cracking, hydrogen production by electrolysis, and far-term applications such as the sulfur iodine chemical process and high-temperature electrolysis. A simple static matching between complementary systems is performed; however, to gain a true appreciation for system integration complexity, time dependent dynamic analysis is required. The paper identifies critical issues arising from dynamic complexity associated with integration of systems. Operational issues include scheduling conflicts and resource allocation for heat and electricity. Additionally, economic and safety considerations that could impact the successful integration of these systems are considered. Economic issues include the cost differential arising due to an integrated system and the economic allocation of electricity and heat resources. Safety issues include changes in regulatory constraints imposed on the facilities. Modeling and analysis tools, such as System Dynamics for time dependent operational and economic issues and RELAP5 3D for chemical transient affects, are evaluated. The results of this study advance the body of knowledge toward integration of nuclear reactors and process heat applications.
Author :United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :588 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (129 download)
Book Synopsis ERDA Energy Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration. Technical Information Center and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors by : Tetsuaki Takeda
Download or read book High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactors written by Tetsuaki Takeda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Temperature Gas Reactors is the fifth volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation. Series Editor Yasuo Koizumi and his Volume editors Tetsuaki Takeda and Yoshiyuki Inagaki present the latest research on High-Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) development and utilization, beginning with an analysis of the history of HTGRs. A detailed analysis of HTGR design features, including reactor core design, cooling tower design, pressure vessel design, I&C factors and safety design, provides readers with a solid understanding of how to develop efficient and safe HTGR within a nuclear power plant. The authors combine their knowledge to present a guide on the safety of HTGRs throughout the entire reactor system, drawing on their unique experience to pass on lessons learned and best practices to support professionals and researchers in their design and operation of these advanced reactor types. Case studies of critical testing carried out by the authors provide the reader with firsthand information on how to conduct tests safely and effectively and an understanding of which responses are required in unexpected incidents to achieve their research objectives. An analysis of technologies and systems in development and testing stages offer the reader a look to the future of HTGRs and help to direct and inform their further research in heat transfer, fluid-dynamics, fuel options and advanced reactor facility selection. This volume is of interest for nuclear and thermal energy engineers and researchers focusing on HTGRs, HTGR plant designers and operators, regulators, post graduate students of nuclear engineering, national labs, government officials and agencies in power and energy policy and regulations. Written by the leaders and pioneers in nuclear research at the Japanese Society of Mechanical Engineers and draws upon their combined wealth of knowledge and experience Includes real examples and case studies from Japan, the US and Europe to provide a deeper learning opportunity with practical benefits Considers the societal impact and sustainability concerns and goals throughout the discussion Includes safety factors and considerations, as well as unique results from performance testing of HTGR systems.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen Generation through Intermediate Heat Exchangers by : Bahman Zohuri
Download or read book Nuclear Energy for Hydrogen Generation through Intermediate Heat Exchangers written by Bahman Zohuri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes recent technological developments in next generation nuclear reactors that have created renewed interest in nuclear process heat for industrial applications. The author’s discussion mirrors the industry’s emerging focus on combined cycle Next Generation Nuclear Plants’ (NGNP) seemingly natural fit in producing electricity and process heat for hydrogen production. To utilize this process heat, engineers must uncover a thermal device that can transfer the thermal energy from the NGNP to the hydrogen plant in the most performance efficient and cost effective way possible. This book is written around that vital quest, and the author describes the usefulness of the Intermediate Heat Exchanger (IHX) as a possible solution. The option to transfer heat and thermal energy via a single-phase forced convection loop where fluid is mechanically pumped between the heat exchangers at the nuclear and hydrogen plants is presented, and challenges associated with this tactic are discussed. As a second option, heat pipes and thermosyphons, with their ability to transport very large quantities of heat over relatively long distance with small temperature losses, are also examined.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976-05 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ERDA Research Abstracts by : United States. Energy Research and Development Administration
Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economics of High-Temperature Nuclear Reactors for Industrial Cogeneration by : Jona Hampe
Download or read book Economics of High-Temperature Nuclear Reactors for Industrial Cogeneration written by Jona Hampe and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The EU Emissions Trading Scheme challenges the cost-competitiveness of energy-intensive industries in Europe, and induces them to search for low-carbon alternatives for their process heat requirements, such as cogeneration or the employment of nuclear power plants. The high-temperature nuclear reactor (HTR) is a technology option that combines these two aspects. In this paper, the economic potential of using HTRs for cogeneration of industrial process heat and electricity is studied. We show that a reference case HTR can deliver cost-competitive process heat at temperatures of 200°C and above, rendering the chemical and pulp & paper industry as potential candidates. The economic evaluation of the reference case yields a positive net present value of € 304 million and an internal rate of return of 12.3%, which is above the cost of capital. Real options analysis is employed to account for the uncertain environment and the resulting managerial flexibilities of the project. A real option model for optimal investment timing (Pindyck, 1991) is adapted to HTRs for industrial cogeneration. The value of the option to invest in a HTR is determined at € 667 million and the electricity price threshold for an optimal investment at 78.97 €/MWh. Hence, the option to invest in a HTR represents a significant value for a utility. Yet, the investment should be delayed until the electricity price reaches the threshold value. We also propose a model to calculate the option to switch between two different modes of operation that is based on Kulatilaka and Trigeorgis (1994) but builds on a time-continuous price path instead of a binomial lattice. For the reference case, the option to switch the power plant's output from cogeneration to electricity only is found to be worth € 85 million.
Book Synopsis The High Temperature Reactor and Process Applications by :
Download or read book The High Temperature Reactor and Process Applications written by and published by Thomas Telford Publishing. This book was released on 1975 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Very High Temperature Reactors in Process Applications by :
Download or read book Assessment of Very High Temperature Reactors in Process Applications written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In April 1974, the United States Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) authorized General Atomic Company, General Electric Company, and Westinghouse Astronuclear Laboratory to assess the available technology for producing process heat utilizing a very high temperature nuclear reactor (VHTR). The VHTR is defined as a gas-cooled graphite-moderated reactor. Oak Ridge National Laboratory has been given a lead role in evaluating the VHTR reactor studies and potential applications of the VHTR. Process temperatures up to the 760 to 871°C range appear to be achievable with near-term technology. The major development considerations are high temperature materials, the safety questions (especially regarding the need for an intermediate heat exchanger) and the process heat exchanger. The potential advantages of the VHTR over competing fossil energy sources are conservation of fossil fuels and reduced atmospheric impacts. Costs are developed for nuclear process heat supplied from a 3000-MW(th) VHTR. The range of cost in process applications is competitive with current fossil fuel alternatives.
Book Synopsis Gas-cooled Reactors with Emphasis on Advanced Systems by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Gas-cooled Reactors with Emphasis on Advanced Systems written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
