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Author : Khaled Z. Kahhaleh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (472 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement-beam Tests written by Khaled Z. Kahhaleh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Khaled Z. Kahhaleh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (472 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement-macrocell Tests written by Khaled Z. Kahhaleh and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Components written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eleven systems containing epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) in combination with another corrosion-protection system are evaluated using the rapid macrocell, southern exposure, cracked beam, linear polarization resistance, and field tests. The systems include bars pretreated with zinc chromate to improve the adhesion between the epoxy and the reinforcing steel, two epoxies with improved adhesion to the reinforcing steel, one inorganic corrosion inhibitor (calcium nitrite), two organic corrosion inhibitors (Rheocrete® 222+ and HycreteTM), an epoxy-coated bar with a primer containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite, three epoxy-coated bars with improved adhesion combined with the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite, and multiple-coated (MC) bars with an initial 50-microm (2-mil) coating of 98 percent zinc and 2 percent aluminum followed by a conventional epoxy coating. The systems are compared with conventional uncoated reinforcement and conventional ECR. The coatings on all bars are penetrated to simulate the effects of damage during fabrication and placement in the field. The results presented in this report indicate that the coated bars provide superior corrosion protection to the reinforcing steel and that bars with damaged coatings initiate corrosion at chloride contents within concrete that are several times greater and corrode at rates that are typically two orders of magnitude below those exhibited by conventional reinforcement. Limited additional protection is achieved using bars with the primer coating, MC bars, and concrete containing the corrosion inhibitors calcium nitrite and one of the organic corrosion inhibitors, although the latter resulted in reduced compressive strength and reduced resistance to surface scaling. The differences in costs over a 75-year design life are relatively small for coated bars. Cracks in concrete directly over and parallel to the reinforcement, such as found in bridge decks, result in earlier corrosion initiation and higher corrosion rates than obtained with intact concrete for all systems. Epoxies that provide initially high adhesion to the underlying steel provide no advantage over conventional epoxy coatings. All coated bars that were evaluated exhibited corrosion losses at openings through the coating. A reduction in adhesion between an epoxy coating and the reinforcing steel occurs after a period of exposure to corrosive conditions. This reduction increases with increasing chloride content in the concrete and in the presence of cracks and decreases with the use of corrosion inhibitors, with the use of MC reinforcement, and with electrical isolation of the epoxy-coated bars from each other. Corrosion products form under the coating where adhesion has been reduced. For periods up to five years under exposure conditions representative of those in bridge decks, the reduction in adhesion between an epoxy coating and the reinforcing steel did not affect the rate at which coated bars corrode.
Author : Kenneth C. Clear
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 9780309053709
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (537 download)
Download or read book Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Highway Bridges written by Kenneth C. Clear and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Enrique Vaca-Cortés
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (481 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcement written by Enrique Vaca-Cortés and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Enrique Vaca-Cortés
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1624 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (428 download)
Download or read book Corrosion performance of epoxy-coated reinforcement in aggressive environments written by Enrique Vaca-Cortés and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David B. McDonald
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Evaluation of Epoxy-coated, Metallic-clad and Solid Metallic Reinforcing Bars in Concrete written by David B. McDonald and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the work conducted from 1993 to 1998 to develop cost-effective "new breeds" of organic, inorganic, ceramic and metallic coatings, as well as metallic alloys that can be utilized on or as reinforcement for embedment in portland cement concrete. As part of the study, 12 different bar types were tested in concrete: black bars, 3 bendable and 3 nonbendable epoxies, Type 304 and Type 316 stainless steel, copper-clad, galvanized and spray metallic-clad reinforcing. Measurements of macrocell voltages, half-cell potentials, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization and mat-to-mat resistances were used in conjunction with visual observations to determine the effectiveness of each system.
Author : Liliana De Anda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Bond Strength of Prefabricated Epoxy-coated Reinforcement written by Liliana De Anda and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prefabricated epoxy-coated reinforcement is used increasingly in reinforced concrete construction in which high corrosion resistance is required. It is well established that epoxy coating reduces bond strength between reinforcement and concrete, and some tests have found that bond strength decreases as coating thickness increases. For prefabricated epoxy-coated reinforcement, it can be difficult to maintain coating thicknesses within required tolerances 175 to 300 im. Beam-end tests were carried out on uncoated bars, bars with green epoxy coating (203 im coating thickness), and prefabricated (gray) epoxy coating (203 to 508 im coating thickness). Tests showed that epoxy coating reduces bond strength, with similar reductions for green and gray coatings. In some cases, bond strength decreased with increasing coating thickness, but for the range of thicknesses investigated the reduction factor of current building codes was found to be conservative
Author : Lien Gong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of MMFX Reinforcing Steel for Concrete written by Lien Gong and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion performance of MMFX and conventional reinforcing steels is compared based on macrocell and bench-scale tests. The conventional steel includes epoxy-coated and uncoated bars. Macrocell tests are conducted on bare bars and bars symmetrically embedded in a mortar cylinder. Specimens are exposed to a simulated concrete pore solution with a 1.6 or 6.4 molal ion concentration of sodium chloride. Bench-scale tests include the Southern Exposure and cracked beam tests. A 15% (6.04 m ion) NaCl solution is ponded on the top of both the Southern Exposure and cracked beam specimens. Mechanical properties are compared with the requirements of ASTM A 615. The uniformity and consistency in chemical composition is evaluated using a scanning electron microscope and an energy dispersive spectrometer. The microstructure of corrosion products is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that MMFX steel exhibits better corrosion resistance than conventional uncoated steel, but lower corrosion resistance than epoxy-coated bars. In both the macrocell and bench-scale tests, MMFX steel exhibits a macrocell corrosion rate between one-third and two-thirds that of uncoated conventional reinforcing bars, while epoxy-coated reinforcement with the coating penetrated corrodes at a rate between 5% and 25% that of conventional steel. MMFX reinforcing steel is not recommended as a replacement for epoxy-coated reinforcement unless it is used in conjunction with a supplementary corrosion protection system.
Author : Lihua Xing
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (669 download)
Download or read book Evaluation of Multiple Corrosion Protection Systems and Corrosion Inhibitors for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Lihua Xing and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corrosion performance of different corrosion protection systems is evaluated using the mortar-wrapped rapid macrocell test, bench-scale tests (the Southern Exposure, cracked beam, and ASTM G109 tests), and field tests. The systems include conventional steel with three different corrosion inhibitors (DCI-S, Hycrete, and Rheocrete), epoxy-coated reinforcement (ECR) with three different corrosion inhibitors and ECR with a primer coating containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite, multiple-coated reinforcement with a zinc layer underlying an epoxy coating, ECR with zinc chromate pretreatment before application of the epoxy coating to improve adhesion between the epoxy and the underlying steel, ECR with improved adhesion epoxy coatings, and pickled 2205 duplex stainless steel. Conventional steel in concretes with two different water-cement ratios (0.45 and 0.35) is also tested. Of these systems, specimens containing conventional steel or conventional epoxy-coated steel serve as controls. The critical chloride thresholds of conventional steel in concrete with different corrosion inhibitors and zinc-coated reinforcement are determined. The results of the tests are used in an economic analysis of bridge decks containing different corrosion protection systems over a design life of 75 years. The results indicate that a reduced water-cement ratio improves the corrosion resistance of conventional steel in uncracked concrete compared to the same steel in concrete with a higher water-cement ratio. The use of a corrosion inhibitor improves the corrosion resistance of conventional steel in both cracked and uncracked concrete and delays the onset of corrosion in uncracked concrete, but provides only a very limited improvement in the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated reinforcement due to the high corrosion resistance provided by the epoxy coating itself. Based on results in the field tests, the epoxy-coated bars with a primer containing microencapsulated calcium nitrite show no improvement in the corrosion resistance compared to conventional epoxy-coated reinforcement. Increased adhesion between the epoxy coating and reinforcing steel provides no improvement in the corrosion resistance of epoxy-coated reinforcement. The corrosion losses for multiple-coated reinforcement are comparable with those of conventional epoxy-coated reinforcement in the field tests in uncracked and cracked concrete. Corrosion potential measurements show that the zinc is corroded preferentially, providing protection for the underlying steel. Pickled 2205 stainless steel demonstrates excellent corrosion resistance, and no corrosion activity is observed for the pickled 2205 stainless steel in bridge decks, or in the SE, CB, or field test specimens after four years.
Author : Stephen Yeomans
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080472834
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete written by Stephen Yeomans and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-26 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used modern materials of construction. It is comparatively cheap, readily available, and suitable for a variety of building and construction applications. Galvanized Steel Reinforcement in Concrete provides a detailed resource covering all aspects of this important material. Both servicability and durability aspects are well covered, with all the information needed maximise the life of buildings constructed from it. Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information and data from world renound authors, it will be a valuable source of reference for academics, researchers, students and professionals alike. Provides information vital to prolong the life of buildings constructed from this versatile material Brings together a disparate body of knowledge from many parts of the world into a concise and authoritative text Containing an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of technical information
Author : Wioleta A. Pyć
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Protection Performance of Corrosion Inhibitors and Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in a Simulated Concrete Pore Water Solution written by Wioleta A. Pyć and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We used a simulated concrete pore water solution to evaluate the corrosion protection performance of concrete corrosion-inhibiting admixtures and epoxy-coated reinforcing bars (ECR). We evaluated three commercial corrosion inhibitors, ECR from three coaters removed from job sites, one ECR shipped directly from the coater's plant, and one ECR removed from a job site plus a corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitors were calcium nitrite, an aqueous mixture of esters and amines, and a mixture of alcohol and amine. Corrosion protection performance was based on the amount of visually observed corroded surface area. For bare steel tested with and without corrosion inhibitors, corrosion increased with increasing chloride concentration, and specimens saturated with oxygen were more corroded than specimens saturated with breathing air. The amount of corrosion over the 90-day test period was controlled by the amount of oxygen in solution at the higher chloride concentrations. The ester-amine and alcohol-amine did not inhibit corrosion. Calcium nitrite inhibited corrosion at all levels of chloride concentration. For ECR, corrosion occurred both at sites where the coating was damaged and underneath the coating. Coating debondment was greatest in pore water solutions containing chloride. The least coating debondment and corrosion occurred in the solution containing calcium nitrite and the ECR shipped directly from the manufacturer. Coating debondment and corrosion of ECR are directly related to the amount of damage as holes; mashed, dented, and cracked areas; and holidays. The researchers recommend that the developed test method be adopted as a standard test for concrete corrosion inhibitors and that calcium nitrite remain the only concrete corrosion inhibitor approved for use in Virginia.
Author : Seung-Kyoung Lee
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Long-term Performance of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel in Heavy Salt-contaminated Concrete written by Seung-Kyoung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : David Trejo
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (463 download)
Download or read book Corrosion Performance Tests for Reinforcing Steel in Concrete written by David Trejo and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The existing test method used to assess the corrosion performance of reinforcing steel embedded in concrete, mainly ASTM G 109, is labor intensive, time consuming, slow to provide comparative results, and can be expensive. However, with corrosion of reinforcement a major challenge to the durability of infrastructure systems, improvements in the corrosion performance of materials could add significant value. With limited resources, new procedures and test methods are needed to assess corrosion performance of potentially value-adding materials. This research evaluated four accelerated test procedures (rapid macrocell (a.k.a. mini-macrocell), ACT test, CCIA test, and a modified ASTM G109 test) and compared these tests with the standard ASTM G 109 tests. The reasonableness of the test results, test simplicity, test cost, and test duration were all assessed. Results indicate that the rapid macrocell, ACT, and CCIA tests can reduce the time required to perform the tests by approximately 90 percent compared to standard ASTM G 109 test. Not considering the one-time equipment cost, the rapid macrocell, ACT, and CCIA decrease the cost by approximately 75, 58, and 67 percent compared to the standard ASTM G 109 test, respectively. The rapid macrocell test was determined to be relatively simple while the CCIA and ACT tests were considered to be more complex to perform. Based on the research findings, it is proposed that TxDOT use the rapid macrocell test to evaluate the corrosion performance of most materials. To evaluate the performance of dielectric coatings on reinforcement, it is recommended that the MG 109 test be used to evaluate these system types. For specific testing needs, other tests may be appropriate.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 66 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (288 download)
Download or read book Studies on Damage and Corrosion Performance of Fabricated Epoxy-coated Reinforcement written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 94 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Effectiveness of Epoxy-coated Reinforcing Steel - Interim Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary function of an epoxy coating is to act as a barrier to prevent corrosion-causing chloride ions and oxygen from reaching steel surfaces. For more than a decade, epoxy-coated reinforcing steel has generally been effective in reducing or preventing chloride-induced corrosion in bridges and other concrete structures. Recently, however, instances of corrosion problems or premature failures in Florida, Oregon and New York have focussed attention on the product and its quality. This report was initiated as a result of the questions raised by these failures. In the first section of the report, a state of the art review of epoxy-coated reinforced steel is presented. It details the research performed on epoxy coating, and the results of this research both in the lab and in the field. As well, the authors highlight several areas to be considered for future investigation. The second section examines the fundamentals of epoxy, and the coating process. It provides an overview of the theory, technology, testing and practice as these presently exist for fusion bonded epoxy coatings on steels. The significance of the tests available for use on epoxy-coated rebars and epoxy-coated pipe is described. The report contains numerous figures.
Author : Amir Poursaee
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0323851320
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures written by Amir Poursaee and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for researchers, practitioners, and engineers, this book covers not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, protection and maintenance methods, and modelling, latest developments, and future trends in the field are discussed. Comprehensive coverage of the corrosion of steel bars in concrete, investigating the range of reinforcing materials, and types of concrete Introduces the latest measuring methods, data collection, and advanced modeling techniques Second edition covers a range of new, emerging topics such as the concept of chloride threshold value, concrete permeability and chloride diffusion, the role of steel microstructure, and innovations in corrosion detection devices
