Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Coronal Shock Acceleration And Heliospheric Transport Of Solar Energetic Protons
Download Coronal Shock Acceleration And Heliospheric Transport Of Solar Energetic Protons full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Coronal Shock Acceleration And Heliospheric Transport Of Solar Energetic Protons ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Coronal Shock Acceleration and Heliospheric Transport of Solar Energetic Protons by : Kamen Asenov Kozarev
Download or read book Coronal Shock Acceleration and Heliospheric Transport of Solar Energetic Protons written by Kamen Asenov Kozarev and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CME) in the Sun's atmosphere produce highly energetic charged particles during violent bursts of activity. Protons, the most numerous and important species of these solar energetic particles (SEP), accelerate and propagate throughout the heliosphere, probing the interplanetary transport conditions. They also present a significant radiation hazard to space operations. Nevertheless, SEP acceleration in the low corona is currently not well constrained and poorly understood.In this dissertation, I examine off-limb extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wave dynamics between 1.3 and 2.0 solar radii in the corona, and I show that the EUV signatures are consistent with CME-driven shocks. Therefore, such shocks may form very low in the corona. I also develop a data-driven model for estimating the maximum energy to which protons may be accelerated in coronal shocks. I apply it to an observed shock and show that it may accelerate protons up to tens of MeV during its fast coronal passage, consistent with in-situ observations.To explore further coronal SEP acceleration by CME-driven shocks, I modify a global, 3D numerical model for interplanetary SEP transport for the coronal conditions, and adapt it to incorporate results from a realistic magnetohydrodynamic coronal and CME model. Furthermore, I apply a diffusive shock acceleration model, which explicitly treats proton energization at traveling shocks, to an MHD simulation of a real CME event. I find that the source population becomes strongly accelerated. In addition, I simulate the proton transport between the Sun and Earth, and find that the modeled fluxes are consistent with particle observations near Earth. Results suggest that CME-driven shocks in the corona may be the primary source of SEPs in solar storms. In addition, conditions along coronal shock fronts vary greatly, influencing the amount of acceleration.Finally, I model the global proton transport between Earth and 5 AU during a very large SEP event. I obtain radial gradients of peak fluxes and radiation doses for space weather applications, and I find that simulated and observed fluxes agree reasonably well. This suggests that most CME shocks are not efficient proton accelerators beyond 1 AU.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration at the Sun and in the Heliosphere by : Donald V. Reames
Download or read book Particle Acceleration at the Sun and in the Heliosphere written by Donald V. Reames and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic particles are accelerated in rich profusion at sites throughout the heliosphere. They come from solar flares in the low corona, from shock waves driven outward by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), from planetary magnetospheres and bow shocks. They come from corotating interaction regions (CIRs) produced by high-speed streams in the solar wind, and from the heliospheric termination shock at the outer edge of the heliospheric cavity. We sample all these populations near Earth, but can distinguish them readily by their element and isotope abundances, ionization states, energy spectra, angular distributions and time behavior. Remote spacecraft have probed the spatial distributions of the particles and examined new sources in situ. Most acceleration sources can be "seen" only by direct observation of the particles; few photons are produced at these sites. Wave-particle interactions are an essential feature in acceleration sources and, for shock acceleration, new evidence of energetic-proton-generated waves has come from abundance variations and from local cross-field scattering. Element abundances often tell us the physics the source plasma itself, prior to acceleration. By comparing different populations, we learn more about the sources, and about the physics of acceleration and transport, than we can possibly learn from one source alone.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere and Beyond by : Gang Li
Download or read book Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere and Beyond written by Gang Li and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2008-09-12 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All papers have been peer-reviewed. Our star is a very effective particle accelerator. Energies up to GeVs have been observed in Solar energetic particle events. These events are often associated with solar flares and/or Coronal Mass Ejections. Understanding how particles are accelerated in these phenomena has been an outstanding problem in space plasma physics for a long time. Part of the reason is its practical (e.g. Space weather) and fundamental (cosmic ray origin) importance. In this conference we review recent progresses on this problem, with a balance between observations, theories and numerical simulations. Specific topics include 1) particle acceleration at flare site, 2) turbulence properties of the solar wind, 3) particle acceleration and transport in the inner heliosphere, 4) particle acceleration at the termination shock and heliosheath, and 5) particle acceleration at supernova remnant shocks.
Book Synopsis Solar Energetic Particles by : Donald V. Reames
Download or read book Solar Energetic Particles written by Donald V. Reames and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise primer introduces the non-specialist reader to the physics of solar energetic particles (SEP) and systematically reviews the evidence for the two main mechanisms which lead to the so-called impulsive and gradual SEP events. More specifically, the timing of the onsets, the longitude distributions, the high-energy spectral shapes, the correlations with other solar phenomena (e.g. coronal mass ejections), as well as the all-important elemental and isotopic abundances of SEPs are investigated. Impulsive SEP events are related to magnetic reconnection in solar flares and jets. The concept of shock acceleration by scattering on self-amplified Alfvén waves is introduced, as is the evidence of reacceleration of impulsive-SEP material in the seed population accessed by the shocks in gradual events. The text then develops processes of transport of ions out to an observer. Finally, a new technique to determine the source plasma temperature in both impulsive and gradual events is demonstrated. Last but not least the role of SEP events as a radiation hazard in space is mentioned and a short discussion of the nature of the main particle telescope designs that have contributed to most of the SEP measurements is given.
Book Synopsis Heliophysics: Space Storms and Radiation: Causes and Effects by : Carolus J. Schrijver
Download or read book Heliophysics: Space Storms and Radiation: Causes and Effects written by Carolus J. Schrijver and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-05-06 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heliophysics is a fast-developing scientific discipline that integrates studies of the Sun's variability, the surrounding heliosphere, and the environment and climate of planets. The Sun is a magnetically variable star and for planets with intrinsic magnetic fields, planets with atmospheres, or planets like Earth with both, there are profound consequences. This 2010 volume, the second in this series of three heliophysics texts, integrates the many aspects of space storms and the energetic radiation associated with them - from causes on the Sun to effects in planetary environments. It reviews the physical processes in solar flares and coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks, and particle acceleration and transport, and considers many space weather responses in geospace. In addition to its utility as a textbook, it also constitutes a foundational reference for researchers in fields from heliophysics to climate science. Additional online resources, including lecture presentations and other teaching materials, are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521760515.
Book Synopsis Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth by : Daniel Baker
Download or read book Solar Dynamics and its Effects on the Heliosphere and Earth written by Daniel Baker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume helps the reader to understand the ways and means of how dynamical phenomena are generated at the Sun, how they travel through the Heliosphere, and how they affect Earth. It provides an integrated account of the three principal chains of events all the way from the Sun to Earth: the normal solar wind, coronal mass ejections, and solar energetic particles.
Book Synopsis Lectures in High-energy Astrophysics by : Goddard Space Flight Center
Download or read book Lectures in High-energy Astrophysics written by Goddard Space Flight Center and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coronal Shocks and Solar Energetic Proton Events by :
Download or read book Coronal Shocks and Solar Energetic Proton Events written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From July 1996 - June 2001, 50% of favorably-located metric type II radio bursts had associated solar energetic protons (SEPs). When western hemisphere metric 115 were accompanied by decametric-hectometric(DH; 1-14 MHz) type II emission, their association with ^20 MeV SEP events was 90% vs. only 25% for metric 115 without a DH counterpart. Overall, 82% (63%) of all SEP events with visible disk origins were associated with metric (DH) type 115, with percentage associations increasing with SEP event size to 88% (96%), respectively, for ^20 MeV SEP events with peak intensities 10-1 pr cm-2 s-1 sr-1 MeV-1. Our results are consistent with the following (not mutually exclusive) possibilities: (1) large ^20 MeV SEP events result from strong shocks that call persist well beyond ^3 R.; (2) shock acceleration is most efficient above ^3 R.; (3) shocks that survive to ^3 R. are more likely to have broad longitudinal extents.
Book Synopsis Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis by : Olga E Malandraki
Download or read book Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis written by Olga E Malandraki and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energetic particles (SEPs) emitted from the Sun are a major space weather hazard motivating the development of predictive capabilities. This book presents the results and findings of the HESPERIA (High Energy Solar Particle Events forecasting and Analysis) project of the EU HORIZON 2020 programme. It discusses the forecasting operational tools developed within the project, and presents progress to SEP research contributed by HESPERIA both from the observational as well as the SEP modelling perspective. Using multi-frequency observational data and simulations HESPERIA investigated the chain of processes from particle acceleration in the corona, particle transport in the magnetically complex corona and interplanetary space, to the detection near 1 AU. The book also elaborates on the unique software that has been constructed for inverting observations of relativistic SEPs to physical parameters that can be compared with space-borne measurements at lower energies. Introductory and pedagogical material included in the book make it accessible to students at graduate level and will be useful as background material for Space Physics and Space Weather courses with emphasis on Solar Energetic Particle Event Forecasting and Analysis. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Book Synopsis Particle Acceleration at Travelling Shocks in the Heliosphere by :
Download or read book Particle Acceleration at Travelling Shocks in the Heliosphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energetic particle transport -- Interplanetary shocks -- Diffusive shock acceleration -- Coronal mass ejections -- Corotating interaction regions -- Solar wind -- Stochastic differential equations -- Heliosphere.
Book Synopsis Solar Cosmic Rays by : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Download or read book Solar Cosmic Rays written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It turned out to be really a rare and happy occasion that we know exact1y when and how a new branch of space physics was born, namely, a physics of solar cosmic rays. It happened on February 28 and March 7, 1942 when the fIrst "cosmic ray bursts" were recorded on the Earth, and the Sun was unambiguously identifIed for the fIrst time as the source of high-velocity 10 particles with energies up to > 10 eV. Just due to such a high energy these relativistic particles have been called "solar cosmic rays" (SCR), in distinction from the "true" cosmic rays of galactic origin. Between 1942 and the beginning ofthe space era in 1957 only extremely high energy solar particle events could be occasionally recorded by cosmic ray ground-Ievel detectors and balloon borne sensors. Since then the detection techniques varied considerably and the study of SCR turned into essential part of solar and solar-terrestrial physics.
Book Synopsis Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles by : N. Gopalswamy
Download or read book Solar Eruptions and Energetic Particles written by N. Gopalswamy and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 165. Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the most energetic events in the heliosphere. During solar cycle 23, the close connection between CMEs and solar energetic particles (SEPs) was studied in much greater detail than was previously possible, including effects on space weather. This book reviews extensive observations of solar eruptions and SEPs from orbiting and ground-based systems. From SOHO and ACE to RHESSI and TRACE, we now have measurements of unprecedented sensitivity by which to test assumptions and refine models. Discussion and analysis of: Coronal mass ejections and energetic particles over one solar cycle Implications of solar eruptions for space weather and human space exploration The elemental, isotopic, and ionic charge state composition of accelerated particles Complex interconnections among CMEs, flares, shocks, and energetic particles will make this book an indispensable resource for scientists working on the Sun-Earth connection, including space physicists, magnetospheric physicists, atmospheric physicists, astrophysicists, and aeronomists.
Book Synopsis Plasma Physics of the Local Cosmos by : National Research Council
Download or read book Plasma Physics of the Local Cosmos written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-06 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar and space physics is the study of solar system phenomena that occur in the plasma state. Examples include sunspots, the solar wind, planetary magnetospheres, radiation belts, and the aurora. While each is a distinct phenomenon, there are commonalities among them. To help define and systematize these universal aspects of the field of space physics, the National Research Council was asked by NASA's Office of Space Science to provide a scientific assessment and strategy for the study of magnetized plasmas in the solar system. This report presents that assessment. It covers a number of important research goals for solar and space physics. The report is complementary to the NRC report, The Sun to the Earthâ€"and Beyond: A Decadal Research Strategy for Solar and Space Physics, which presents priorities and strategies for future program activities.
Book Synopsis Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis by : Olga E. Malandraki
Download or read book Solar Particle Radiation Storms Forecasting and Analysis written by Olga E. Malandraki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar energetic particles (SEPs) emitted from the Sun are a major space weather hazard motivating the development of predictive capabilities. This book presents the results and findings of the HESPERIA (High Energy Solar Particle Events forecasting and Analysis) project of the EU HORIZON 2020 programme. It discusses the forecasting operational tools developed within the project, and presents progress to SEP research contributed by HESPERIA both from the observational as well as the SEP modelling perspective. Using multi-frequency observational data and simulations HESPERIA investigated the chain of processes from particle acceleration in the corona, particle transport in the magnetically complex corona and interplanetary space, to the detection near 1 AU. The book also elaborates on the unique software that has been constructed for inverting observations of relativistic SEPs to physical parameters that can be compared with space-borne measurements at lower energies. Introductory and pedagogical material included in the book make it accessible to students at graduate level and will be useful as background material for Space Physics and Space Weather courses with emphasis on Solar Energetic Particle Event Forecasting and Analysis. This book is published with open access under a CC BY license.
Book Synopsis The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere by : Mari Paz Miralles
Download or read book The Sun, the Solar Wind, and the Heliosphere written by Mari Paz Miralles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents the state of the art of the science covered by the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) Division IV: Solar Wind and Interplanetary Field. It contains a collection of contributions by top experts addressing and reviewing a variety of topics included under the umbrella of the division. It covers subjects that extend from the interior of the Sun to the heliopause, and from the study of physical processes in the Sun and the solar wind plasma to space weather forecasts. The book is organized in 6 parts: the solar interior, the solar atmosphere, the heliosphere, heliophysical processes, radio emissions, and coordinated science in the Sun-Earth system. In addition, we highlight some of the results presented during the IAGA Division IV symposia in the 11th Scientific Assembly of IAGA in Sopron, Hungary, on 23-30 August 2009, which was planned simultaneously with this book.
Book Synopsis Solar Energetic Particle Transport in the Heliosphere by : Chunsheng Pei
Download or read book Solar Energetic Particle Transport in the Heliosphere written by Chunsheng Pei and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transport of solar energetic particles (SEPs) in the inner heliosphere is a very important issue which can affect our daily life. For example, large SEP events can lead to the failure of power grids, interrupt communications, and may participate in global climate change. The SEPS also can harm humans in space and destroy the instruments on board spacecraft. Studying the transport of SEPs also helps us understand remote regions of space which are not visible to us because there are not enough photons in those places. The interplanetary magnetic field is the medium in which solar energetic particles travel. The Parker Model of the solar wind and its successor, the Weber and Davis model, have been the dominant models of the solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field since 1960s. In this thesis, I have reviewed these models and applied an important correction to the Weber and Davis model. Various solar wind models and their limitations are presented. Different models can affect the calculation of magnetic field direction at 1ÃU by as much as about 30\%. Analysis of the onset of SEP events could be used to infer the release time of solar energetic particles and to differentiate between models of particle acceleration near the Sun. It is demonstrated that because of the nature of the stochastic heliospheric magnetic field, the path length measured along the lineof force can be shorter than that of the nominal Parker spiral. These results help to explain recent observations. A two dimensional model and a fully three dimensional numerical model for the transport of SEPs has been developed based on Parker's transport equation for the first time. R̀̀eservoir'' phenomenon, which means the inner heliosphere works like a reservoir for SEPs during large SEP events, and multi-spacecraft observation of peak intensities are explained by this numerical model.
Book Synopsis The Heliosphere through the Solar Activity Cycle by : A. Balogh
Download or read book The Heliosphere through the Solar Activity Cycle written by A. Balogh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-08 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how the Sun changes though its 11-year sunspot cycle and how these changes affect the vast space around the Sun – the heliosphere – has been one of the principal objectives of space research since the advent of the space age. This book presents the evolution of the heliosphere through an entire solar activity cycle. The last solar cycle (cycle 23) has been the best observed from both the Earth and from a fleet of spacecraft. Of these, the joint ESA-NASA Ulysses probe has provided continuous observations of the state of the heliosphere since 1990 from a unique vantage point, that of a nearly polar orbit around the Sun. Ulysses’ results affect our understanding of the heliosphere from the interior of the Sun to the interstellar medium - beyond the outer boundary of the heliosphere. Written by scientists closely associated with the Ulysses mission, the book describes and explains the many different aspects of changes in the heliosphere in response to solar activity. In particular, the authors describe the rise in solar activity from the last minimum in solar activity in 1996 to its maximum in 2000 and the subsequent decline in activity.
