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Author : Masaru Kono
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (833 download)
Download or read book Core-mantle boundary region: structure and dynamics written by Masaru Kono and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael Gurnis
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book The Core-Mantle Boundary Region written by Michael Gurnis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1998-02-04 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two giant heat engines responsible for plate tectonics and the geodynamo dynamically interact at the core-mantle boundary of the Earth's interior. A multidisciplinary approach is required to determine the composition, structure, and dynamics of the interface. This volume describes original and fundamental research in seismology, geodynamics, mineral physics, and geomagnetism.
Author : D. E. Smylie
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 : 0875904505
Total Pages : 133 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (759 download)
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Earth's Deep Interior written by D. E. Smylie and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1988 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers from: All Union Symposium U2 on 'Instability within the Earth and core Dynamics' held on August 20-21 1987 in Vancouver.
Author : Takashi Nakagawa
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119526949
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Core-Mantle Co-Evolution written by Takashi Nakagawa and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New insights into interactions between the core and mantle. The Earth’s deep interior is difficult to study directly but recent technological advances have enabled new observations, experiments, analysis, and simulations to better understand deep Earth processes. Core-Mantle Co-Evolution: An Interdisciplinary Approach seeks to address some of the major unsolved issues around the core-mantle interaction and co-evolution. It provides the latest insights into dynamics, structure, and evolution in the core-mantle boundary region. Volume highlights include: Latest technological advances in high pressure experiments and their application to understanding the mineral physical properties and stability of phases in deep Earth Recent progress in observational seismology, geochemical analysis, geoneutrino experiments, and numerical modeling for understanding the heterogeneity of the lower mantle Theoretical investigations on thermal-chemical evolution of Earth’s mantle and core Exploring thermal-chemical-mechanical-electromagnetic interactions in the core-mantle boundary regions The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author : Chunpeng Zhao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (819 download)
Download or read book High-resolution Imaging of Structure and Dynamics of the Lowermost Mantle written by Chunpeng Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research investigates Earth structure in the core-mantle boundary (CMB) region, where the solid rocky mantle meets the molten iron alloy core. At long wavelengths, the lower mantle is characterized by two nearly antipodal large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs), one beneath the Pacific Ocean the other beneath Africa and the southern Atlantic Ocean. However, fine-scale LLSVP structure as well as its relationship with plate tectonics, mantle convection, hotspot volcanism, and Earth's outer core remains poorly understood. The recent dramatic increase in seismic data coverage due to the EarthScope experiment presents an unprecedented opportunity to utilize large concentrated datasets of seismic data to improve resolution of lowermost mantle structures. I developed an algorithm that identifies anomalously broadened seismic waveforms to locate sharp contrasts in shear velocity properties across the margins of the LLSVP beneath the Pacific. The result suggests that a nearly vertical mantle plume underlies Hawaii that originates from a peak of a chemically distinct reservoir at the base of the mantle, some 600-900 km above the CMB. Additionally, acute horizontal Vs variations across and within the northern margin of the LLSVP beneath the central Pacific Ocean are inferred from forward modeling of differential travel times between S (and Sdiff) and SKS, and also between ScS and S.I developed a new approach to expand the geographic detection of ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) with a new ScS stacking approach that simultaneously utilizes the pre- and post-cursor wavefield. Strong lateral variations in ULVZ thicknesses and properties are found across the LLSVP margins, where ULVZs are thicker and stronger within the LLSVP than outside of it, consistent with convection model predictions. Differential travel times, amplitude ratios, and waveshapes of core waves SKKS and SKS are used to investigate CMB topography and outermost core velocity structure. 1D and 2D wavefield simulations suggest that the complicated geographic distribution of observed SKKS waveform anomalies might be a result of CMB topography and a higher velocity outermost core. These combined analyses depict a lowermost mantle that is rich in fine-scale structural complexity, which advances our understanding of its integral role in mantle circulation, mixing, and evolution.
Author : Hauke Marquardt
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119528615
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)
Download or read book Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions written by Hauke Marquardt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multidisciplinary perspective on the dynamic processes occurring in Earth's mantle The convective motion of material in Earth's mantle, powered by heat from the deep interior of our planet, drives plate tectonics at the surface, generating earthquakes and volcanic activity. It shapes our familiar surface landscapes, and also stabilizes the oceans and atmosphere on geologic timescales. Mantle Convection and Surface Expressions brings together perspectives from observational geophysics, numerical modelling, geochemistry, and mineral physics to build a holistic picture of the deep Earth. It explores the dynamic processes occurring in the mantle as well as the associated heat and material cycles. Volume highlights include: Perspectives from different scientific disciplines with an emphasis on exploring synergies Current state of the mantle, its physical properties, compositional structure, and dynamic evolution Transport of heat and material through the mantle as constrained by geophysical observations, geochemical data and geodynamic model predictions Surface expressions of mantle dynamics and its control on planetary evolution and habitability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Author : Yves Claude Le Stunff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (33 download)
Download or read book Constraints on the Structure and Dynamics of the Earth's Mantle from Surface Topography Analysis and Broadband Seismological Observations written by Yves Claude Le Stunff and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Véronique Dehant
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Earth's Core written by Véronique Dehant and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2003-01-10 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geodynamics Series, Volume 31. Geomagnetism, dynamo theory, seismology, geodesy, and mineral physics each present significant perspectives on Earth's core. When interelated, scientists gain and invaluable vantage from which to understans the evolution, dynamics, and state of the core. Earth's Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation presents a synthesis of current understanding in proactive analyses of Earth core phenomena, including research in core composition, wave-speed variation, magnetic field signatures, core mantle boundary issues, and more.
Author : Ursula J. Manners
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9782286050719
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Investigating the Structure of the Core-mantle Boundary Region Using S and P Diffracted Waves written by Ursula J. Manners and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake mislocation is a potentially large source of error in tomographic inversions. We compared three methods of dealing with location error. We find that models made using iterative relocation do not fit the data well, whereas models made using projection and a joint inversion for perturbation in velocity and earthquake location do. An examination of the effects of different relocation techniques on the correlation of shear velocity with bulk sound speed shows that iterative relocations results in lower and possibly negative correlations between shear velocity and bulk sound speed over the entire mantle.
Author : David Bercovici
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444535802
Total Pages : 521 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Treatise on Geophysics, Volume 7 written by David Bercovici and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-05-17 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics: Mantle Dynamics, Volume 7 aims to provide both a classical and state-of-the-art introduction to the methods and science of mantle dynamics, as well as survey leading order problems (both solved and unsolved) and current understanding of how the mantle works. It is organized around two themes: (1) how is mantle convection studied; and (2) what do we understand about mantle dynamics to date. The first four chapters are thus concerned with pedagogical reviews of the physics of mantle convection; laboratory studies of the fluid dynamics of convection relevant to the mantle; theoretical analysis of mantle dynamics; and numerical analysis and methods of mantle convection. The subsequent chapters concentrate on leading issues of mantle convection itself, which include the energy budget of the mantle; the upper mantle and lithosphere in and near the spreading center (mid-ocean ridge) environment; the dynamics of subducting slabs; hot spots, melting anomalies, and mantle plumes; and finally, geochemical mantle dynamics and mixing. - Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic in detail - Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding - Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Author : Andy Nowacki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642348424
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Plate Deformation from Cradle to Grave written by Andy Nowacki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's rocky mantle convects to lose heat, which comes from the liquid iron core below. The mantle's interfaces - the core-mantle boundary, and the lithosphere - may hold the key to understanding mantle motion because of the seismic anisotropy present in these parts of the Earth. In this thesis, Andy Nowacki presents a precise but comprehensive review of the current state of the art in studying flow with anisotropy, mineral physics and geodynamics. New measurements of shear wave anisotropy in the lowermost mantle and at mid-ocean ridges are used to constrain mechanisms of creep and melt extraction in the mantle. A model of global flow is used to predict anisotropy in the deep Earth, and novel methods to forward model shear wave splitting are described. Future studies of mantle flow must incorporate the understanding gained in this thesis. The thesis contains a substantive introduction to the structure of the Earth, seismic anisotropy in general and in the core-mantle boundary region, and mid-ocean ridge processes. It also describes novel methods for forward modelling and interpreting shear wave splitting data. Three chapters present timely research into dynamics at divergent plate boundaries and at the core-mantle boundary.
Author : D.E. James
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0442243669
Total Pages : 1299 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Solid Earth Geophysics written by D.E. James and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1989-11-30 with total page 1299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consisting of more than 150 articles written by leading experts, this authoritative reference encompasses the entire field of solid-earth geophysics. It describes in detail the state of current knowledge, including advanced instrumentation and techniques, and focuses on important areas of exploration geophysics. It also offers clear and complete coverage of seismology, geodesy, gravimetry, magnetotellurics and related areas in the adjacent disciplines of physics, geology, oceanography and space science.
Author : Kei Hirose
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Post-Perovskite written by Kei Hirose and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2007-01-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book summarizes findings on the newly discovered "post-perovskite phase transition" in the lower mantle that may explain the nature of the D" layer and has important implications for many fields in solid Earth geophysics, such as mineral physics, seismology, geodynamics, and geochemistry. It is based on a series of conferences on the Earth's mantle and deep interior held in 2004 and 2005. Topics discussed including the following. * Rapid progress in the study of Earth's lowermost mantle during the first three years after the discovery of post-perovskite. * The synergistic, multidisciplinary analysis of post-perovskite enabled by recent advances in experimental and theoretical methods, seismic data analyses, and computational geodynamics. * The insights provided into the major internal thermo-chemical boundary layer of the Earth, offering advanced understanding that mirrors that for the lithosphere over the past 30 years. * The exploration of the dynamical effect of post-perovskite phase change that occurs right above the CMB with extremely steep Clapeyron slope, whose magnitude is three to four times greater than for upper-mantle phase transitions. * The summary of remaining unsolved problems and future studies on the post-perovskite and lowermost mantle. Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition presents the full span of post-perovskite attributes, including characterization by experimental and theoretical mineral physics, seismological interpretations, and dynamical considerations. This book illustrates why the last silicate phase transition in the mantle is eliciting such excitement and concentrated effort."--Publisher's website.
Author : Barbara Romanowicz
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444535756
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (445 download)
Download or read book Seismology and Structure of the Earth written by Barbara Romanowicz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-04-20 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatise on Geophysics: Seismology and Structure of the Earth, Volume 1, provides a comprehensive review of the state of knowledge on the Earths structure and earthquakes. It addresses various aspects of structural seismology and its applications to other fields of Earth sciences. The book is organized into four parts. The first part principally covers theoretical developments and seismic data analysis techniques from the end of the nineteenth century until the present, with the main emphasis on the development of instrumentation and its deployment. The second part reviews the status of knowledge on the structure of the Earths shallow layers, starting with a global review of the Earth's crustal structure. The third part focuses on the Earth's deep structure, divided into its main units: the upper mantle, the transition zone and upper-mantle discontinuities, the D region at the base of the mantle, and the Earth's core. The fourth part comprises two chapters which discuss constraints on Earth structure from fields other than seismology: mineral physics and geodynamics. - Self-contained volume starts with an overview of the subject then explores each topic with in depth detail - Extensive reference lists and cross references with other volumes to facilitate further research - Full-color figures and tables support the text and aid in understanding - Content suited for both the expert and non-expert
Author : Sean James Trim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book The Dynamic Interaction of Mantle Compositional Heterogeneities at the Surface and the Core-Mantle Boundary written by Sean James Trim and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's D'' layer, the lowermost 200-300 km of the mantle, is perhaps as rich in chemical, phase and structural heterogeneity as the lithosphere. For instance, tomography studies show the existence of Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs) extending through D'' beneath Africa and the Pacific that may be compositionally distinct. Of particular interest is the potential interaction between compositional heterogeneity in D'' and the mobility of tectonic plates. This is explored using the convection code MC3D featuring compositional variations, dynamically evolving tectonic plates and continents. To model compositional variations, the tracer ratio method was programmed into MC3D and benchmarked. Plates are modeled using a force-balance method. Also, subroutines were programmed into MC3D that allow tracers to track plate and continent boundary positions. A suite of approximately 40 calculations is used to analyze the effect of introducing a compositionally dense layer into a vigorously convecting mantle initially characterized by mobile-lid tectonics. Subsequent to the introduction of the dense layer, surface mobility is monitored. It was found that upwelling vigor tends to decrease as either the enriched material volume or density is increased, which is accompanied by a reduced rate of surface rupturing. Consequently, long-term surface mobility ceases if either the volume or density of the enriched material is increased beyond a threshold. Another suite of models is used to analyze the effect of introducing a compositionally dense layer into the D'' region of a mantle featuring mobile-lid convection with continents. Subsequently, the supercontinent cycle frequency is monitored for a range of oceanic and continental yield strengths. In calculations featuring a uniform D'' composition, upwelling positions can remain fixed in position over billions of years. However, calculations featuring enriched material exhibited upwellings with substantial lateral movement. It was found that supercontinent aggregation was hindered by the presence of fixed upwellings. Consequently, supercontinent cycle frequency increased in the presence of enriched material. In addition, it was found that the compositionally dense material formed into one or two large provinces for the majority of the time in all calculations featuring compositional variations, similar to the present-day structure of Earth's LLSVPs.
Author : Mingming Li
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Thermochemical Structure and Dynamics of Earth's Lowermost Mantle written by Mingming Li and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seismic observations have revealed two large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs) in the lowermost mantle beneath Pacific and Africa. One hypothesis for the origin of LLSVPs is that they are caused by accumulation of subducted oceanic crust on the core-mantle boundary (CMB). Here, I perform high resolution geodynamical calculations to test this hypothesis. The result shows that it is difficult for a thin (~ 6 km) subducted oceanic crust to accumulate on the CMB, and the major part of it is viscously stirred into the surrounding mantle. Another hypothesis for the origin of LLSVPs is that they are caused by thermochemical piles of more-primitive material which is remnant of Earth's early differentiation. In such case, a significant part of the subducted oceanic crust would enter the more-primitive reservoir, while other parts are either directly entrained into mantle plumes forming on top of the more-primitive reservoir or stirred into the background mantle. As a result, mantle plumes entrain a variable combination of compositional components including more-primitive material, old oceanic crust which first enters the more-primitive reservoir and is later entrained into mantle plumes with the more-primitive material, young oceanic crust which is directly entrained into mantle plumes without contacting the more-primitive reservoir, and depleted background mantle material. The result reconciles geochemical observation of multiple compositional components and varying ages of oceanic crust in the source of ocean-island basalts. Seismic studies have detected ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) in some localized regions on the CMB. Here, I present 3D thermochemical calculations to show that the distribution of ULVZs provides important information about their origin. ULVZs with a distinct composition tend to be located at the edges of LLSVPs, while ULVZs solely caused by partial melting tend to be located inboard from the edges of LLSVPs. This indicates that ULVZs at the edges of LLSVPs are best explained by distinct compositional heterogeneity, while ULVZs located insider of LLSVPs are better explained by partial melting. The results provide additional constraints for the origin of ULVZs.
Author : Vernon F. Cormier
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128113871
Total Pages : 326 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Earth's Core written by Vernon F. Cormier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth's Core: Geophysics of a Planet's Deepest Interior provides a multidisciplinary approach to Earth's core, including seismology, mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics. The book examines current observations, experiments, and theories; identifies outstanding research questions; and suggests future directions for study. With topics ranging from the structure of the core-mantle boundary region, to the chemical and physical properties of the core, the workings of the geodynamo, inner core seismology and dynamics, and core formation, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspective on what we know and what we know we have yet to discover. The book begins with the fundamental material and concepts in seismology, mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics, accessible from a wide range of backgrounds. The book then builds on this foundation to introduce current research, including observations, experiments, and theories. By identifying unsolved problems and promising routes to their solutions, the book is intended to motivate further research, making it a valuable resource both for students entering Earth and planetary sciences and for researchers in a particular subdiscipline who need to broaden their understanding. - Includes multidisciplinary observations constraining the composition and dynamics of the Earth's core - Concisely presents competing theories and arguments on the composition, state, and dynamics of the Earth's interior - Provides observational tests of various theories to enhance understanding - Serves as a valuable resource for researchers in deep earth geophysics, as well as many sub-disciplines, including seismology, geodynamics, geomagnetism, and mineral physics
