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Convective Burning In Gaps Of Pbx 9501
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Book Synopsis Convective Burning in Gaps of PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book Convective Burning in Gaps of PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impact or thermal ignition of high explosives results in deformation that can lead to fracture. Fracture, combined with high pressure, dramatically increases the available surface area and potentially changes the mode of combustion. Recent impact and cook-off experiments on PBX 9501 (HMX, octahydro-1,3,5,7- tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine, with a binder) have shown complex cracking patterns caused by impact or pressurization. Fast reactive waves have been observed to propagate through the cracks at about 500 m/s. We present experiments that investigate the propagation of fast reactive waves in cracks of PBX 9501, focusing on the reactive wave velocity and on the interplay of pressure and crack size. Experiments at initial pressures of 6.0 MPa reveal monotonic reactive wave propagation velocities of around 7 m/s for a 100 micrometer slot. We observe reactive wave velocities as high as 100 m/s in experiments at initial pressures of 17.2 MPa and various slot widths. Similar experiments at lower pressure exhibit oscillatory reactive wave propagation in the slot with periodic oscillations whose frequencies vary with combustion vessel pressure. This is the first reported observation of oscillatory combustion in cracks of an energetic material such as PBX 9501. Threshold pressure experiments for combustion propagation into closed-end slots of PBX 9501 find that combustion propagates into 2 mm, 1 mm, 100 micrometer, 50 micrometer, and 25 micrometer slots at approximately 0.1, 0.2, 0.9, 1.6, and 1.8 MPa, respectively.
Book Synopsis MEASUREMENT OF CONVECTIVE BURN RATES IN GAPS OF PBX 9501 by :
Download or read book MEASUREMENT OF CONVECTIVE BURN RATES IN GAPS OF PBX 9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 by : Blaine Asay
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library, Vol. 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-12-16 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter--1999 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Propagation of Reactions in Thermally-damaged PBX-9501 by :
Download or read book Propagation of Reactions in Thermally-damaged PBX-9501 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thermally-initiated explosion in PBX-9501 (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine) is observed in situ by flash x-ray imaging, and modeled with the LLNL multi-physics arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian code ALE3D. The containment vessel deformation provides a useful estimate of the reaction pressure at the time of the explosion, which we calculate to be in the range 0.8-1.4 GPa. Closely-coupled ALE3D simulations of these experiments, utilizing the multi-phase convective burn model, provide detailed predictions of the reacted mass fraction and deflagration front acceleration. During the preinitiation heating phase of these experiments, the solid HMX portion of the PBX-9501 undergoes a [beta]-phase to [delta]-phase transition which damages the explosive and induces porosity. The multi-phase convective burn model results demonstrate that damaged particle size and pressure are critical for predicting reaction speed and violence. In the model, energetic parameters are taken from LLNL's thermochemical-kinetics code Cheetah and burn rate parameters from Son et al. (2000). Model predictions of an accelerating deflagration front are in qualitative agreement with the experimental images assuming a mode particle diameter in the range 300-400 [mu]m. There is uncertainty in the initial porosity caused by thermal damage of PBX-9501 and, thus, the effective surface area for burning. To better understand these structures, we employ x-ray computed tomography (XRCT) to examine the microstructure of PBX-9501 before and after thermal damage. Although lack of contrast between grains and binder prevents the determination of full grain size distribution in this material, there are many domains visible in thermally damaged PBX-9501 with diameters in the 300-400 [mu]m range.
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2005 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2006-08-24 with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the Proceedings of the Conference of the American Physical Society Topical Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter, Baltimore, Maryland USA, 2005. The volume embodies the most recent research on shock compression of condensed matter and includes 363 plenary, invited, and contributed papers, all peer-reviewed. Topics include: equations of state, phase transitions, chemical reactions, warm dense matter, fracture, geophysics and planetary science, energetic materials, optical studies, and more.
Book Synopsis Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 by : Michael D. Furnish
Download or read book Shock Compression of Condensed Matter - 2001 written by Michael D. Furnish and published by American Institute of Physics. This book was released on 2002 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of 336 papers discusses recent research on the response of inert and energetic materials to high-pressure environments produced by rapid loading phenomena. This includes theoretical, computational (modeling/simulation) and experimental studies of inert and energetic materials, as well as ballistic and material synthesis studies and advances in experimental techniques. All papers have been peer-reviewed.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Confined PBX 9501 Gap Reinitiation Studies by :
Download or read book Confined PBX 9501 Gap Reinitiation Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For explosive systems that exhibit gaps or cracks between their internal components (either by design or mechanical failure), measurable time delays exist for detonation waves crossing them. Reinitiation across such gaps is dependent on the type of explosive, gap width, gap morphology, confinement, and temperature effects. To examine this reinitiation effect, a series of tests has been conducted to measure the time delay across a prescribed gap within an 'infinitely' confined PBX 9501 system. Detonation breakout along the explosive surface is measured with a streak camera, and flow features are examined during reinitiation near the gap. Such tests allow for quantitative determination of the time delay corresponding to the time of initiation across a given gap oriented normal to the direction of the detonation wave. Measured time delays can be compared with numerical calculations, making it possible to validate initiation models as well as estimate detonation run-up distances. Understanding this reinitiation behavior is beneficial for the design and evaluation of explosive systems that require precision timing and performance.
Book Synopsis International Aerospace Abstracts by :
Download or read book International Aerospace Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1016 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Combustion of Energetic Materials by : Kenneth K. Kuo
Download or read book Combustion of Energetic Materials written by Kenneth K. Kuo and published by Begell House Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book contains state-of-the-art information associated with energetic material combustion. There are twelve topical areas, including: Reaction Kinetics of Energetic Materials (Solid, Liquid, and Gel Propellants); Recycling of Energetic Materials; Combustion Performance of Hybrid and Solid Rocket Motors; Ignition and Combustion of Energetic Materials; Energetic Material Defects and Rocket Engine Flowfields; Metal Combustion; Pyrolysis and Combustion Processes of New Ingredients and Applications; Theoretical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Combustion Processes of Energetic Materials; Combustion Diagnostic Techniques; Propellant and Rocket Motor Stability; Commercial Applications of Energetic Materials (Airbags, Gas Generators, etc.); and Thermal Insulation and Ablation Processes.
Book Synopsis Energetic Materials by : Ulrich Teipel
Download or read book Energetic Materials written by Ulrich Teipel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 643 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Incorporation of particular components with specialized properties allows one to tailor the end product's properties. For instance, the sensitivity, burning behavior, thermal or mechanical properties or stability of energetic materials can be affected and even controllably varied through incorporation of such ingredients. This book examines particle technologies as applied to energetic materials such as propellants and explosives, thus filling a void in the literature on this subject. Following an introduction covering general features of energetic materials, the first section of this book describes methods of manufacturing particulate energetic materials, including size reduction, crystallization, atomization, particle formation using supercritical fluids and microencapsulation, agglomeration phenomena, special considerations in mixing explosive particles and the production of nanoparticles. The second section discusses the characterization of particulate materials. Techniques and methods such as particle size analysis, morphology elucidation and the determination of chemical and thermal properties are presented. The wettability of powders and rheological behavior of suspensions and solids are also considered. Furthermore, methods of determining the performance of particular energetic materials are described. Each chapter deals with fundamentals and application possibilities of the various methods presented, with particular emphasis on issues applicable to particulate energetic materials. The book is thus equally relevant for chemists, physicists, material scientists, chemical and mechanical engineers and anyone interested or engaged in particle processing and characterization technologies.
Book Synopsis Explosive Effects and Applications by : Jonas A. Zukas
Download or read book Explosive Effects and Applications written by Jonas A. Zukas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a broad-based text on the fundamentals of explosive behavior and the application of explosives in civil engineering, industrial processes, aerospace applications, and military uses.
Book Synopsis Solid Propellant Chemistry Combustion and Motor Interior Ballistics 1999 by : Vigor Yang
Download or read book Solid Propellant Chemistry Combustion and Motor Interior Ballistics 1999 written by Vigor Yang and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nano-Energetic Materials by : Shantanu Bhattacharya
Download or read book Nano-Energetic Materials written by Shantanu Bhattacharya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest research on the area of nano-energetic materials, their synthesis, fabrication, patterning, application and integration with various MEMS systems and platforms. Keeping in mind the applications for this field in aerospace and defense sectors, the articles in this volume contain contributions by leading researchers in the field, who discuss the current challenges and future perspectives. This volume will be of use to researchers working on various applications of high-energy research.
Book Synopsis International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (22 CFR 120-130). by : United States. Department of State
Download or read book International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR) (22 CFR 120-130). written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
