Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Control Of Cracking In Bridge Decks
Download Control Of Cracking In Bridge Decks full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Control Of Cracking In Bridge Decks ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Control of Cracking in Bridge Decks by : D. Darwin
Download or read book Control of Cracking in Bridge Decks written by D. Darwin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crack surveys of bridge decks, performed over a 10-year period in northeast Kansas as part of three studies, provide strong guidance in identifying the parameters that control cracking in these structures. The surveys involve steel girder bridges--bridges that are generally agreed to exhibit the greatest amount of cracking in the concrete decks. The surveys include monolithic decks and decks with silica fume and conventional concrete overlays. The study demonstrates that crack density increases as a function of cement and water content, and concrete strength. In addition, crack density is higher in the end spans of decks that are integral with the abutments than decks with pin-ended supports. Most cracking occurs early in the life of a bridge deck, but continues to increase over time. This is true for bridges cast in both the 1980s and the 1990s. A key observation, however, is that bridge decks cast in the 1980s exhibit less cracking than those in the 1990s, even with the increase in crack density over time. Changes in materials, primarily cement fineness, and construction procedures over the past 20 years, are discussed in light of these observations. A major bright spot has been the positive effect of efforts to limit early evaporation, suggesting that the early initiation of curing procedures will help reduce cracking in bridge decks.
Book Synopsis Control and Repair of Bridge Deck Cracking by : Robert J. Frosch
Download or read book Control and Repair of Bridge Deck Cracking written by Robert J. Frosch and published by . This book was released on 2010-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control of Time-dependent Transverse Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks by : Cathy Hsiang-Chen Chen
Download or read book Control of Time-dependent Transverse Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Cathy Hsiang-Chen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks by : M. Ala Saadeghvaziri
Download or read book Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. Ala Saadeghvaziri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after construction and some after the bridge has been opened to traffic for a period of time. Structural design factors have not been the subject of much research in the past and they were the main thrust of this research study. Using 2-D and 3-D linear and nonlinear finite element models many design factors such as girder stiffness, deck thickness, girder spacing, relative stiffness of deck to girder, amount of reinforcements, etc., were studied. The research study also included a comprehensive review of the existing literature as well as survey of 24 bridges in the state of New Jersey. Results of each research task are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, based on analytical results and literature review, the effect of various factors are quantified and specific recommendations for possible consideration in design are made.
Book Synopsis Control of Concrete Cracking in Bridges by :
Download or read book Control of Concrete Cracking in Bridges written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Design Methods for the Control of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking by : Robert J. Frosch
Download or read book Design Methods for the Control of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking written by Robert J. Frosch and published by . This book was released on 2006-09-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Construction of Crack-free Bridge Decks by : David Darwin
Download or read book Construction of Crack-free Bridge Decks written by David Darwin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This serves as the final report on Transportation Pooled-Fund Program Project No. TPF-5(174), "Construction of Crack-Free Bridge Decks." The goal of the study was to implement the most cost-effective techniques for improving bridge deck life through the reduction of cracking. Work was performed both in the laboratory and in the field, resulting in the construction of 17 bridge decks in Kansas that were let under Low-Cracking High-Performance Concrete (LC-HPC) specifications. The report documents the performance of the decks based on crack surveys performed on the LC-HPC decks and matching control bridge decks. The specifications for LC-HPC bridge decks, which cover aggregates, concrete, and construction procedures, as well as procedures for performing crack surveys, are summarized. The first 13 LC-HPC bridge decks are compared to control decks in terms of crack density as a function of time. Survey results are also presented for three LC-HPC decks without control decks and one deck let under LC-HPC specifications on which the specifications were not enforced. The widths of measured cracks ranged from 0.006 to 0.025 inches (0.15 to 0.64 mm). The LC-HPC bridge decks exhibit less cracking than the matching control decks in the vast majority of cases. Only bridge decks LC-HPC-2 and LC-HPC-3 have higher overall crack densities than their control decks, the two best performing control decks in the program, and the differences are small. The majority of the cracks are transverse and run parallel to the top layer of the deck reinforcement. Relatively short cracks are present near the abutments and propagate perpendicular to the abutments (longitudinally). The study demonstrates the positive effects of reduced cementitious material and cement paste contents, improved early-age and long-term curing, concrete temperature control, limitations on or de-emphasis of maximum concrete compressive strength, limitations on maximum slump, and minimizing finishing operations on minimizing cracking in bridge decks.
Book Synopsis Development and Layout of a Protocol for the Field Performance of Concrete Deck and Crack Sealants by : José Antonio Pincheira
Download or read book Development and Layout of a Protocol for the Field Performance of Concrete Deck and Crack Sealants written by José Antonio Pincheira and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this project was to develop and layout a protocol for the long-term monitoring and assessment of the performance of concrete deck and crack sealants in the field. To accomplish this goal, a total of six bridge decks were chosen for study. The decks have ages that vary from 4 to 30 years old, are all in good condition, though some presented a variety of longitudinal, transverse and diagonal cracking. In each deck, test segments were laid out along one lane in four of the six bridges. Drill powder samples were extracted in each segment in order to determine the in-situ, near-surface chloride ion content of the deck. Laboratory analyses of the samples showed that the chloride ion content varied between 3.2 lb/cy for the younger decks (3 years old) and 20.8 lb/cy for the older decks (28 years old). Based on the recommendations of a previous laboratory investigation, a pool of the best performing deck and crack sealants were selected to be applied in the decks. In two bridges, deck segments were sealed with four deck sealants while one segment was left unsealed to be used as a control segment. Additionally, the cracks in each of these segments were sealed with five crack sealants. While two other decks were also scheduled for sealing as part of this phase of the project, they were not done because the required curing time for some of the products was longer than deemed acceptable by DOT crews for these high traffic bridges. It is recommended, however, that every effort be made to have these decks be sealed in the near future. The remaining two bridges had been sealed at the time of construction. While no specific information could be secured about the product used in these decks, the low chloride ion content in these decks suggested that the applied product has helped reduce the ingress of chloride ions. Therefore, it is recommended that these decks continue to be monitored over time. Based on the inspections and the data collected in the field, a protocol and schedule for the continuing monitoring of sealant performance is presented.
Book Synopsis Cracks in Concrete Bridge Decks by : D. Campbell-Allen
Download or read book Cracks in Concrete Bridge Decks written by D. Campbell-Allen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluating Free Shrinkage of Concrete for Control of Cracking in Bridge Decks by : Swapnil Deshpande
Download or read book Evaluating Free Shrinkage of Concrete for Control of Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Swapnil Deshpande and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Early Age Shrinkage and Cracking of Nevada Concrete Bridge Decks by : Heinere Howard Ah-Sha
Download or read book Early Age Shrinkage and Cracking of Nevada Concrete Bridge Decks written by Heinere Howard Ah-Sha and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks by : Tony R. Schmitt
Download or read book Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks written by Tony R. Schmitt and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The causes of cracking in bridge decks are investigated and procedures are recommended to alleviate the problem. Forty continuous steel girder bridges, thirty-seven composite and three noncomposite bridges are evaluated. Field surveys conducted to document cracking patterns and to determine the crack density of each bridge are described. Information collected from construction documents, field books, and weather data logs is presented and compared to the observed levels of cracking to identify correlations between cracking and the variables studied. Thirty-one variables are considered such as material properties, site conditions, construction procedures, design specifications, age of bridge and traffic volume. Based on the research reported herein, cracking in monolithic bridge decks increases with increasing values of concrete slump, percent volume of water and cement, water content, and compressive strength, and decreasing values of air content (especially below 6.0%). Bridge deck overlays placed with zero slump concrete consistently exhibit high levels of cracking. Cracking in overlays also increases as placement lengths increase. High maximum air temperatures and large changes in air temperature on the day of casting aggravate cracking in monolithic bridge decks. High average air temperatures and large changes in air temperature similarly aggravate cracking in bridge deck overlays. Both monolithic and two layer bridges with fixed-ended girders exhibit increased cracking near the abutments compared to those with pin-ended girders.
Book Synopsis Cracking in Bridge Decks by : Pui-shum B. Shing
Download or read book Cracking in Bridge Decks written by Pui-shum B. Shing and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the findings of a study whose primary objectives are to determine the cause of extensive transverse cracking that has been observed in some existing bridge decks, and to identify the change of material specifications and construction practice that is necessary to reduce the severity of deck cracking. To achieve these goals, recent studies on the cause of bridge deck cracking were reviewed, an experimental study was conducted to compare the shrinkage properties of different concrete mixes, and the current material and design specifications and construction practice adopted by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) were reviewed to identify areas that need improvement. A survey was conducted on seven newly constructed bridges to examine the extent of cracking in concrete decks that were constructed with the different mix designs and curing procedure that were currently used by CDOT.
Book Synopsis Quantification of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks by : Saikrishna Ganapuram
Download or read book Quantification of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Saikrishna Ganapuram and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks is a widespread concern in the United States. Many concrete bridge decks, regardless to the age of construction, have shown different levels and patterns of cracking. Not only does cracking of bridge decks weaken the bridge infrastructure, but also allows the inflow of corrosive agents into the reinforcement, regardless of the bridge design type, length of spans, deck thickness and concrete mixture designs. Increased cracking of concrete bridge decks all over the world poses a threat to life as well as prove extremely expensive for repair and maintenance. Thus, precautions must be taken in order to avoid and restrict bridge deck cracking, one of which is inspection of the bridge at regular intervals. The Ohio Department of Transportation's current procedure for bridge inspection offers only a qualitative assessment of the bridges inspected. In this study, a method was developed for the quantification of crack densities for twelve bridges in District 3. Two types of bridges were inspected: three structural slab bridge decks and nine stringer supported bridge decks. Crack densities for each bridge were determined based on crack maps corresponding to the surveys for each bridge deck. Results indicated that structural slab bridge decks have slightly higher shrinkage crack densities compared to the bridge decks constructed with stringer supports. However, the "structural" cracks seem to be wider than shrinkage cracks for structural slabs (greater than 0.007 inch). Particularly on bridge ASD-42-0656, which is a continuous slab bridge, there were several large "structural" cracks that were parallel to the pier beams supports. The shrinkage crack densities of the twelve bridge decks determined in this study were considerably lower than the crack densities of similar bridge decks located in other states, demonstrating that Ohio bridge decks in general have lower crack density than those in other states. The shrinkage crack densities of the bridges constructed with QC/QA type of concrete have lower values than the bridges made with other types of concrete. Also, the crack widths were determined at certain key locations and were compared with theoretical values. The measured crack widths are much larger compared to the corresponding theoretical crack widths. This is a reason for concern.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Bridge Deck Design Methodology on Crack Control by : Richard J. Nielsen
Download or read book The Effect of Bridge Deck Design Methodology on Crack Control written by Richard J. Nielsen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, the Idaho Transportation Department (ITD) Bridge Design Manual allows engineers to use the AASHTO empirical method to design concrete bridge decks. However, the ITD Bridge Section would like to compare their design practices to those employed by other state DOTs. The Bridge Section is also interested in the ability of the empirical deck design method to control deck cracking. AASHTO's empirical deck design method and traditional design method are summarized. We reviewed the literature regarding the effect of bridge deck design methodology on deck cracking. Many researchers agree that the empirical bridge deck design method needs to be modified to limit cracking. For example, Frosch and Radabaugh believe that the empirical method does not require a large enough reinforcement ratio to adequately control cracking. Others such as Krauss believe that the deck-to-girder stiffness has a greater effect on deck cracking and should be increased in the empirical method. We also surveyed bridge deck design methods and typical deck designs for all of the states in the U.S. Bridge deck properties such as deck thickness, rebar size and rebar spacing from other states were compared to those specified by ITD. Most states and Canada use a significantly smaller spacing and larger reinforcement bar size. We believe that reducing the spacing and increasing the size of rebar would mitigate ITD's deck cracking problem, although the degree to which deck crack spacing and width would be mitigated would require further research.
Book Synopsis Extended Life Concrete Bridge Decks Utilizing Internal Curing to Reduce Cracking by : Xuhao Wang
Download or read book Extended Life Concrete Bridge Decks Utilizing Internal Curing to Reduce Cracking written by Xuhao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the ongoing concern about premature cracking of concrete bridge decks that reduces the service life of bridges and results in increased maintenance and replacement costs, this work aimed at assessing the benefits of using lightweight fine aggregate (LWFA) in concrete mixtures to assist the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) in preparing a specification to increase the probability of achieving crack-free, long-lasting bridge decks. A laboratory testing program led to a recommended mix design for implementation on a bridge construction project in Ohio. The design included the use of 50% slag cement and LWFA for internal curing. Construction of two bridge decks involved a control using a conventional mix design and the other containing the recommended mixture. The decks were instrumented and load tested shortly after construction and inspected one year after placement. No differences in structural performance were noted, but there were far fewer cracks in the test deck compared to the control. A life-cycle cost analysis was also conducted and shown that the premium for the recommended mixture would be recovered in reduced maintenance over the life of the bridge.
Book Synopsis Bridge Deck Cracking and Composite Action Analyses by : Hani H. Nassif
Download or read book Bridge Deck Cracking and Composite Action Analyses written by Hani H. Nassif and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
