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Contractile Mechanisms In Muscle
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Book Synopsis Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle by : Gerald Pollack
Download or read book Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle written by Gerald Pollack and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 883 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to the emergence of the sliding filament model, contraction theories had been in abundance. In the absence of the kinds of structural and biochemical information available today, it has been a simple matter to speculate about the possible ways in which tension generation and shortening might occur. The advent of the sliding filament model had an immediate impact on these theories; within several years they fell by the wayside, and attention was redirected towards mechanisms by which the filaments might be driven to slide by one another. In terms of identifying the driving mechanism, the pivotal observa tion was the electron micrographic indentification of cross-bridges extending from the thick filaments. It was quite naturally assumed that such bridges, which had the ability to split ATP, were the molecular motors, i.e., that they were the sites of mechanochemical transduction. Out of this presumption grew the cross-bridge model. in which filament sliding is presumed to be driven by the cyclic interaction of cross-bridges with complementary actin sites located along the thin filaments.
Book Synopsis Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle by : Gerald H. Pollack
Download or read book Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle written by Gerald H. Pollack and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction by : Haruo Sugi
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction written by Haruo Sugi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-26 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedings of a muscle symposium, which was supported by the grant from the Fujihara Foundation of Science to be held as the Fourth Fujihara Seminar on October 28 -November 1, 2002, at Hakone, Japan. The Fujihara Seminar covers all fields of natural science, while only one proposal is granted every year. It is therefore a great honor for me to be able to organize this meeting. Before this symposium, I have organized muscle symposia five times, and published the proceedings: " Cross-bridge Mechanism in Muscle Contraction (University of Tokyo Press, 1978), "Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle" (plenum, 1984); "Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction" (plenum, 1988); "Mechanism of MyofIlament Sliding in Muscle contraction" (plenum, 1993); "Mechanisms of Work Production and Work Absorption in Muscle" (plenum, 1998). As with these proceedings, this volume contains records of discussions made not only after each presentation but also during the periods of General Discussion, in order that general readers may properly evaluate each presentation and the up-to-date situation of this research field. It was my great pleasure to have Dr. Hugh Huxley, a principal discoverer of the sliding fIlament mechanism in muscle contraction, in this meeting. On my request, Dr. Huxley kindly gave a special lecture on his monumental discovery of myofIlament-lattice structure by X-ray diffraction of living skeletal muscle. I hope general readers to learn how a breakthrough in a specific research field can be achieved.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction by : Haruo Sugi
Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Contraction written by Haruo Sugi and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-05 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now widely recognized that fundamental progress in science is made not in a continuous manner but in a stepwise manner. In the field of the molecular mechanism of contraction in striated muscle, the stepwise progress was achieved by three great investigators in 1940's and 1950's. In the early 1940's, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi and his associates showed biochemically that muscle contraction is essentially an interaction between actin and myosin coupled with ATP hydrolysis. Then, in the 1950's, Hugh E. Huxley together with Jean Hanson demonstrated that striated muscle is composed of a hexagonal lattice of two kinds of interdigtating myofilaments consisting of action and myosin respectively, and made a monumental discovery that muscle contraction results from the relative sliding between the actin and myosin filaments. Andrew F. Huxley, who also participated in the discovery of the sliding filament mechanism of muscle contraction was attributed to the attachment-detachment cycle between the cross-bridges extending from the myosin filament and the complementary sites on the actin filament. After the above stepwise progress, however, muscle research appears to have entered into a period of so-called 'normal science' where detailed knowledge has been accumulating around the well established 'central dogmas' but without fundamental progress. More specifically, most experiments on muscle contraction mechanisms have been designed, carried out and interpreted on the basis of the Huxley's 1957 and the Huxley-Simmons' 1971 contraction models, as well as the kinetic scheme of actomyosin ATPase; but the molecular mechanism of contraction still remains to be a matter for debate and speculation. For further fundamental progress in this field of research, we feel it necessary to reconsider the validity of these dogmas and to interpret the results more freely. In 1978, one of us (H.S.) organized a symposium in Tokyo based on the above idea, and we published the proceedings under the title of "Cross-bridge Mechanism in Muscle Contraction" (ed. H. Sugi and G.H. Pollack, University of Tokyo Press/University Park Press, 1979). The unusual interest of muscle physiologists in this symposium encouraged us to organize a second symposium on muscle contraction in Seattle in 1982, and proceedings was again published under the title of "Contractile Mechanisms in Muscle" (ed. G.H. Pollack and H. Sugi, Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1984). We were again very much encouraged by the intense interest of the people at the symposium as well as by readers of the proceedings, and became convinced that the symposia of this kind would greatly accelerate the progress in this field. The present symposium was organized by one of us (H.S.) as the third "Cross-bride" symposium. Though most papers are concerned, as in the previous two symposia, with experiments on intact and demembranated muscle fibers and isolated myofibrils, where the three-Dimensional muofilament-lattice structures have been preserved, the results are frequently discussed in connection with the kinetics of actomyosin ATPase, reflecting the recent development of experimental methods connecting physiology and biochemistry. It has also become possible to obtain direct information about the orientation and configuration of the cross-bridges as various stages during muscle contraction.
Book Synopsis Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction by : Haruo Sugi
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Muscle Contraction written by Haruo Sugi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the proceedings of a muscle symposium, which was held as the Fourth Fujihara seminar on October 28 - November 1, 2002, at Hakone, Japan. This volume covers all fields of muscle biology, from molecules to humans. This book provides information about recent progress of muscle research as well as the problems that remain to be investigated. This volume will stimulate muscle investigators to design and perform novel experiments to clarify the mysteries in muscle contraction.
Book Synopsis Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms by : M.F. III Crass
Download or read book Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms written by M.F. III Crass and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular Smooth Muscle: Metabolic, Ionic, and Contractile Mechanisms addresses the vascular smooth muscle function by describing plasma lipoprotein structure, synthesis, and transport in relation to the concepts of altered vascular smooth muscle lipid metabolism leading to the genesis of atherosclerotic disease. This book is organized into six chapters and begins with an introduction to the complexities of energy metabolism and how metabolic events can be correlated with a simultaneous quantitative assessment of smooth muscle mechanics and the contractile machinery at the molecular level. The next two chapters offer the reader a view of smooth muscle membrane properties in terms of the distribution, transport, and metabolic control of electrolytes and specific aspects of ion conductance and electrical activity. This text also explains how smooth muscle cells regulate their contractile activity through regulation of calcium ion fluxes and the interaction, at the molecular level, of calcium ions with regulatory proteins associated with the contractile apparatus. Reference is made to the relation of possible anomalies in cellular or subcellular smooth muscle metabolic and/or ionic events to the bases of certain types of vascular disease. A chapter that examines the events leading to vascular pathology in the form of atherogenesis concludes the book. This book is intended for researchers and clinicians engaged in the study of smooth muscle and related areas.
Book Synopsis Regulation of the Contractile Cycle in Smooth Muscle by : Takeshi Nakano
Download or read book Regulation of the Contractile Cycle in Smooth Muscle written by Takeshi Nakano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the Mie International Symposium held in Japan in April 1994, leading scientists reviewed recent advances in the understanding of the contractile mechanism in smooth muscle. The present volume collects the papers presented at the symposium, summarizing the latest advances in smooth muscle function and emphasizing important components of the contraction-relaxation cycle. Topics include a discussion of the smooth muscle cell membrane, with emphasis on its ion channels; the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ levels and the relationship to force in smooth muscle; aspects of the two key regulatory enzymes involved with myosin phosphorylation-dephosphorylation; the molecular basis for pharmacomechanical coupling in smooth muscle; developments in the basic contractile mechanisms involving the crossbridge cycle of tonic and phasic muscle; the role of myosin light chains; and many others. The approach is broad and presents contemporary opinions in pharmacology, physiology, and biochemistry as they relate to smooth muscle function. The book will appeal not only to those working in these disciplines, but to vascular clinicians, obstetric-gynecological physicians, and gastroenterologists as well.
Book Synopsis Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction by : R.J. Solaro
Download or read book Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction written by R.J. Solaro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Control Mechanisms in Striated Muscle Contraction addresses the molecular mechanisms by which contraction of heart and skeletal muscles is regulated, as well as the modulation of these mechanisms by important (patho)physiological variables such as ionic composition of the myoplasm and phosphorylations of contractile and regulatory proteins. For the novice, this volume includes chapters that summarize current understanding of excitation-contraction coupling in striated muscles, as well as the compositions and structures myofibrillar thick and thin filaments. For the expert, this volume presents detailed pictures of current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the CA2+ regulation of contraction in heart and skeletal muscles and discusses important directions for future investigation.
Book Synopsis Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle by : Christopher L.-H. Huang
Download or read book Keynes & Aidley's Nerve and Muscle written by Christopher L.-H. Huang and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Editions previous to this one had R.D. Keynes and David J. Aidley as primary and secondary authors.
Book Synopsis Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force by : Donald Bers
Download or read book Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force written by Donald Bers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How is the heartbeat generated? What controls the strength of contraction of heart muscle? What are the links between cardiac structure and function? How does our understanding of skeletal and smooth muscle and non-muscle cells influence our thinking about force development in the heart? Are there important species differences in how contraction is regulated in the heart? How do the new molecular data fit together in understanding the heart beat? What goes wrong in ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure? This book paints a modern `portrait' of how the heart works and in this picture the author shows a close-up of the structural, biochemical, and physiological links between excitation and contraction. The author takes the reader through a series of important, interrelated topics with great clarity and continuity and also includes many useful illustrations and tables. The book starts by considering the cellular structures involved in excitation-contraction coupling and then described the characteristics of the myofilaments as the end effector of excitation-contraction coupling. A general scheme of calcium regulation is described and the possible sources and sinks of calcium are discussed in simple, but quantitative terms. The cardiac action potential and its many underlying currents are reviewed. Then the characteristics of some key calcium transport systems (calcium channels, sodium/calcium exchange and SR calcium uptake and release) are discussed in detail. This is then built into a more integrated picture of calcium regulation in succeeding chapters by detailed discussions of excitation-calcium coupling mechanisms (in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle), the interplay between calcium regulatory processes, and finally mechanisms of cardiac inotropy, calcium overload, and dysfunction (e.g., ischemia, hypertrophy, and heart failure). Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force – Second Edition is an invaluable source of information for anyone who is interested in how the heart beat is controlled and especially suited for students of the cardiovascular system at all levels from medical/graduate students through senior investigators in related fields.
Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxins by : Andreas Rummel
Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxins written by Andreas Rummel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-29 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extremely potent substance botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has attracted much interest in diverse fields. Originally identified as cause for the rare but deadly disease botulism, military and terrorist intended to misuse this sophisticated molecule as biological weapon. This caused its classification as select agent category A by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the listing in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. Later, the civilian use of BoNT as long acting peripheral muscle relaxant has turned this molecule into an indispensable pharmaceutical world wide with annual revenues >$1.5 billion. Also basic scientists value the botulinum neurotoxin as molecular tool for dissecting mechanisms of exocytosis. This book will cover the most recent molecular details of botulinum neurotoxin, its mechanism of action as well as its detection and application.
Book Synopsis Sliding Filament Mechanism in Muscle Contraction by : Haruo Sugi
Download or read book Sliding Filament Mechanism in Muscle Contraction written by Haruo Sugi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-27 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sliding Filament Mechanism in Muscle Contraction: Fifty Years of Research covers the history of the sliding filament mechanism in muscle contraction from its discovery in 1954 by H.E. Huxley through and including modern day research. Chapters include topics in dynamic X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, muscle mechanisms, in-vitro motility assay, cardiac versus smooth muscle, motile systems, and much more.
Book Synopsis Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle Contraction by : Michael Barany
Download or read book Biochemistry of Smooth Muscle Contraction written by Michael Barany and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-04 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable resource provides a systematic account of the biochemistry of smooth muscle contraction. As a comprehensive guide to this rapidly growing area of research, it covers the structure and characteristic properties of contractile and regulatory proteins, with special emphasis on their predicted function in the live muscle. Also included in this book are intermediate filament proteins, and desmin and vimentin, whose function in smooth muscle is unknown; and several enzymes involved in the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation of contractile and other proteins.
Book Synopsis Anatomy & Physiology by : Lindsay Biga
Download or read book Anatomy & Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text
Download or read book Fatigue written by Patricia A. Pierce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the current state of our knowledge on the neurobiology of muscle fatigue, with consideration also given to selected integrative cardiorespiratory mechanisms. Our charge to the authors of the various chapters was twofold: to provide a systematic review of the topic that could serve as a balanced reference text for practicing health-care professionals, teaching faculty, and pre-and postdoctoral trainees in the biomedi cal sciences; and to stimulate further experimental and theoretical work on neurobiology. Key issues are addressed in nine interrelated areas: fatigue of single muscle fibers, fatigue at the neuromuscular junction, fatigue of single motor units, metabolic fatigue studied with nuclear magnetic resonance, fatigue of the segmental motor system, fatigue involving suprasegmental mechanisms, the task dependency of fatigue mechanisms, integrative (largely cardiorespiratory) systems issues, and fatigue of adapted systems (due to aging, under-and overuse, and pathophysiology). The product is a volume that provides compre of processes that operate from the forebrain to the contractile proteins.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms in Muscular Contraction by : John Squire
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms in Muscular Contraction written by John Squire and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a lot of debate concerning the nature of the molecular mechanism that produces filament sliding and muscle shortening. This book presents the different kinds of structural and mechanical evidence in favour of the swinging of myosin heads on actin during the contractile cycle.
