Botulinum Neurotoxins

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Botulinum Neurotoxins

Author : Andreas Rummel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642335705
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxins by : Andreas Rummel

Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxins written by Andreas Rummel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extremely potent substance botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) has attracted much interest in diverse fields. Originally identified as cause for the rare but deadly disease botulism, military and terrorist intended to misuse this sophisticated molecule as biological weapon. This caused its classification as select agent category A by the Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention and the listing in the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. Later, the civilian use of BoNT as long acting peripheral muscle relaxant has turned this molecule into an indispensable pharmaceutical world wide with annual revenues >$1.5 billion. Also basic scientists value the botulinum neurotoxin as molecular tool for dissecting mechanisms of exocytosis. This book will cover the most recent molecular details of botulinum neurotoxin, its mechanism of action as well as its detection and application.

Botulinum Toxin E-Book

Author : Joseph Jankovic
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1437711197
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin E-Book by : Joseph Jankovic

Download or read book Botulinum Toxin E-Book written by Joseph Jankovic and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2009-02-18 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new, therapeutically-focused Botulinum Toxin presents comprehensive, cross-disciplinary guidance on current practices, covering more than 100 non-cosmetic conditions that occur in neurology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, pain medicine, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, urology, orthopedics, and surgery. International contributors review the current understanding of the biology and cellular mechanisms along with relevant research so you can easily apply them to the pathophysiology of the numerous disorders that botulinum toxin is used to treat—such as botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing. With discussions of the latest in approved treatment practices as well as new and emerging uses, you’ll get in-depth management guidance on the application of the toxin. Provides clinical applications of botulinum toxin for over 100 disorders for immediate access and easy reference during practice and treatment. Covers a broad array of hot topics, including botulinum toxin applications for the treatment of cranial-cervical dystonias, motor disorders in cerebral palsy, bruxism and temporomandibular disorders, headache, overactive bladder, chronic pelvic pain syndromes, arthritis joint pain, and wound healing. Focuses on approved uses with expert advice on thoroughly tested applications but also discusses new and emerging applications to expose you to additional treatment options. Presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date material available so you get all the information you need from this one resource. Offers the cross-disciplinary guidance of the best world-class expertise through an authoritative, international group of authors who demonstrate the applications of botulinum toxin across various specialties.

Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin

Author : Lance Simpson
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323141609
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin by : Lance Simpson

Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin written by Lance Simpson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Botulinum Neurotoxin and Tetanus Toxin covers the mechanism of action, pathogenesis, and treatment of clostridial neurotoxins. The book is organized into four parts encompassing 18 chapters that discuss the origin, structure, pharmacology, toxicology, immunology, assays, and clinical issues of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. The introductory part of the book discusses the discovery and production of neurotoxins in various strains of Clostridium bacteria. This text also describes how specific bacteriophages and plasmids mediate the pathogenicity of some types of Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetani. The subsequent part provides an overview of issues related to toxin binding, including toxins that may serve as models for botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins. Discussions on the peripheral and central aspects of poisoning transport in the central nervous system and on the antagonistic drugs for clostridial neurotoxins are provided. The third part of the book addresses the antibodies against botulinum neurotoxin. Bioassay in mice and highly sensitive immunoassays, such as reversed passive hemagglutination, reversed passive latex agglutination, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are presented. The concluding part covers the animal models for these toxins and discusses the diagnosis and treatment of botulism and tetanus in human. The clinical use of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A in ocular and neuromuscular disease is also examined. This book will be of value to protein chemists, microbiologists, virologists, pharmacologists, immunologists, and clinicians.

Botulinum Toxin Therapy

Author : Scott M. Whitcup
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030663087
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin Therapy by : Scott M. Whitcup

Download or read book Botulinum Toxin Therapy written by Scott M. Whitcup and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a rapidly progressing field, Botulinum Toxin Therapy provides both clinicians and basic researchers with the latest science on the structure and function of botulinum toxins and the use of these toxins to treat a wide variety of diseases. Part 1 of the book reviews the basic science of botulinum toxins including advances in our understanding of the molecular structure and mechanism of action of botulinum toxins. This section also discusses the manufacturing and formulation of botulinum toxins for clinical use and the development of novel therapeutic toxins for the future. Part 2 reviews the use of botulinum toxins in clinical practice. It discusses the clinical pharmacology of botulinum toxin drugs and their use in a wide variety of clinical conditions including headache, spasticity, pain, disorders of the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract, strabismus, and medical aesthetics.

Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins

Author : B.R. DasGupta
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475795424
Total Pages : 671 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins by : B.R. DasGupta

Download or read book Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins written by B.R. DasGupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three days in Madison have thoroughly modified my view on clostridial neurotoxins. While still realizing the numerous activating, modifying and protective inputs, I cannot judge the meaningfulness of the meeting impartially. Neither may the reader expect a complete summary of all presentations. Collected in this volume, they speak for themselves without requiring an arbiter. Instead I shall write down my very personal opinions as a researcher who has studied clostridial neurotoxins for nearly 25 years. Comparable conferences have been rare during this time. A comprehensive symposium 4 on C. botulinum neurotoxins has been organized at Ft. Detrick. International conferences on tetanus have been held regularly under the auspices of the Wodd Health Organization. One or maximally two days of these meetings have been devoted to tetanus toxin and its actions whereas the sponsor and the majority of the participants have been interested mainly in epidemiology, prevention and treatment of tetanus as a disease (see refs. 5,6). Some aspects of clostridial neurotoxins have been addressed in the context of bacterial toxins, in particular in the biennial European workshops. 1-3,7,8 The Madison meeting differed from the previous ones in three aspects. First, it covered both tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. The fusion was justified because of their huge similarities in primary structure, in their mode of action and in their cellular targets. Second, the meeting was not limited to toxins but drew some lines on which modern neurobiology might proceed.

Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin

Author : Keith A. Foster
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 149390261X
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (939 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin by : Keith A. Foster

Download or read book Clinical Applications of Botulinum Neurotoxin written by Keith A. Foster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are tremendous advances being made in understanding the basic science of both the structure and function of botulinum neurotoxins. This knowledge is opening up opportunities in regard to both therapeutic uses and treatment and protection options for civil and bio-defense applications. This volume fully evaluates the status of neurotoxin research and exploitation. The book is a multi-authored collection of chapters written by the leading authorities responsible for the current scientific and clinical research that is advancing the understanding and exploitation of the neurotoxins and is both up to date and authoritative.

Botulinum Toxin Treatment

Author : Bahman Jabbari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319999451
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin Treatment by : Bahman Jabbari

Download or read book Botulinum Toxin Treatment written by Bahman Jabbari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-13 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Very few therapeutic agents in clinical medicine have found indication for so many clinical conditions, and in such a short time as did botulinum neurotoxins (Botox and others). Chronic migraine, bladder dysfunction , dystonia, hemifacial spasm , blepharospasm , drooling, excessive sweating and spasticity are all approved by FDA and many other indications are in the near horizon . The aesthetic/cosmetic use of Botox and other BoNTs already has a huge market worldwide. Stroke, Multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Cerebral palsy as well as brain and spinal injury are among clinical conditions in which some of patients’ major symptoms can respond to botulinum toxin therapy Several books have been written on the subject of Botox and other neurotoxins for treatment of medical disorders ( including two books by Jabbari both published by Springer 2015 & 2017). However, despite the huge interest and enthusiasm of the public to learn more about Botox and other toxins, there is currently no book in the market on this subject which is specifically designed to inform and educate the public on botulinum toxin therapy. Botulinum Toxin Treatment explains and discusses in simple language the structure and function of botulinum toxin and other neurotoxins as well as the rational for its utility in different disease conditions. Safety, factors affecting efficacy and duration of action, as well as cost and insurance issues are also addressed.

Botulinum Neurotoxins and Nervous System

Author : Siro Luvisetto
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 303943456X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxins and Nervous System by : Siro Luvisetto

Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxins and Nervous System written by Siro Luvisetto and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects 25 scientific articles from laboratories around the world, all of which use botulinum neurotoxins as the main protagonists of their studies. The use of botulinum neurotoxin in medicine, following its ability to inhibit the effects of various disorders of different etiology on the human organism, constitutes the main topic of each article presented here. This book, which is aimed at both students and medical professionals, attempts to summarize current knowledge about the use of botulinum toxin as a therapeutic agent in many diseases, ranging from spasticity to tremor, form motor dysfunction after stroke to neuropathic pain, from hyperactive muscle to migraine, and so on. Thanks to its simplified writing, accessible to an audience who may not be familiar with the mysteries of science, readers will get new insights into this biological toxin and its multiple applications, not simply relegated to its historical use to correct of face wrinkles. Both review and research articles are presented, not only concerning animal studies, but also clinical reports. This book will provide an up-to-date picture of the state-of-the-art of the possible development of novel applications of botulinum neurotoxins for future therapeutic purposes.

A Practical Guide to Botulinum Toxin Procedures

Author : Rebecca Small
Publisher : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
ISBN 13 : 1451154496
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (511 download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Botulinum Toxin Procedures by : Rebecca Small

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Botulinum Toxin Procedures written by Rebecca Small and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2012-01-24 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Practical Guide to Botulinum Toxin Procedures is one of four books in the new Cosmetic Procedures for Primary Care series. This series offers guidance to primary care practitioners who wish to expand their practice to minimally invasive cosmetic procedures. Whether the physician is just getting started or well versed in aesthetic medicine, this series can be used as a routine quick reference for current aesthetic procedures that can be readily incorporated into office practice. The series will put these cosmetic treatments into the hands of the physician the patient knows and trusts the most, and will bring primary care practitioners increased autonomy, improved patient satisfaction, and added reimbursement. This book provides thoroughly illustrated step-by-step instructions on botulinum toxin injection procedures and advice on managing common issues seen in follow-up visits. Each chapter focuses on a single procedure and reviews all relevant anatomy, including target muscles and their functions and muscles to be avoided. Injection points and the injection Safety Zones are highlighted to help practitioners perform the procedures more effectively and minimize complication risks. Initial chapters cover treatment in the upper third of the face for frown lines, horizontal forehead lines, and crow's feet—procedures suited for practitioners who are getting started with cosmetic botulinum toxin treatments. Subsequent chapters cover more advanced face and neck procedures and treatment of axillary hyperhidrosis.

Molecular Aspects of Botulinum Neurotoxin

Author : Keith A. Foster
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1461494540
Total Pages : 345 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Aspects of Botulinum Neurotoxin by : Keith A. Foster

Download or read book Molecular Aspects of Botulinum Neurotoxin written by Keith A. Foster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are tremendous advances being made in understanding the basic science of both the structure and function of botulinum neurotoxins. This knowledge is opening up opportunities in regard to both therapeutic uses and treatment and protection options for civil and bio-defense applications. This volume fully evaluates the status of neurotoxin research and exploitation with a focus on clinical application. The book is a multi-authored collection of chapters written by the leading authorities responsible for the current scientific and clinical research that is advancing the understanding and exploitation of the neurotoxins and is both up to date and authoritative.

Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism

Author : P. Gopalakrishnakone
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789400758681
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism by : P. Gopalakrishnakone

Download or read book Biological Toxins and Bioterrorism written by P. Gopalakrishnakone and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological toxins are an important part of our world, a reality with which we need to cope, so in parallel with understanding their mechanisms of action and thereby improving our fundamental knowledge, there are successful efforts to utilize them as therapeutics against some debilitating human and animal diseases. In view of the complexity of different types of biotoxins and the broad range of toxin structure, physiology, utility, and countermeasures including regulatory issues, it was thus aimed to compile a book on biotoxins and bioweapons. This reference work in the Toxinology handbook series gathers together knowledge from around the globe about naturally inspired and manufactured biological weapons. The authors describe how they work; how authorities may detect their presence, prevent their use, and diagnose their impacts; and the means by which medical and paramedical professionals may treat victims. Also described are how they have been used to further our knowledge and what insights they have given us into evolutionary and physiological processes. Finally, it is also discussed how these toxins can be used as therapeutics and what the implications of such therapeutics are to their use as biothreat agents. This volume provides a reference accessible to scientists, educators, and medical experts alike with an interest in biotoxins, focusing on the major toxins used as bioweapons. Regulatory agencies will also benefit from the information provided in this book. Some in the intended audience may need to understand how they elicit their effects and how we can defend ourselves against them. Others may be interested in the sometimes colorful histories that surround this subset of biotoxins that can be and, in some cases, have been used as weapons.

Clostridial Neurotoxins

Author : Cesare Montecucco
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642851738
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (428 download)

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Book Synopsis Clostridial Neurotoxins by : Cesare Montecucco

Download or read book Clostridial Neurotoxins written by Cesare Montecucco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tetanus has been known from the very beginning of medical literature since it was first described by Hyppocrates of Cos in the fifth century B.C. For 24 centuries it was considered a neuro logical disease until the breakthrough of CARLE and RATIONE (1884) who demonstrated its infectious etiology. Following the establishment of purified cultures of Clostridium tetani(KITASATO 1889), FABER (1890), and TIZZONI and CATIANI (1890) demon strated that the disease is actually an intoxication caused by a proteic neurotoxin. This toxin was shown by BRUSHCHETIINI (1892) to move retroaxonally and to act at the spinal cord level. Soon thereafter VAN ERMENGEN (1897) demonstrated that botu lism is also due to intoxication with a protein toxin produced by bacteria of the genus Clostridium. These bacteria and their spores and ubiquitous, and the majority of them do not produce neurotoxins. The selective advantage of producing such potent toxin is still a matter of speculation (see Popoff, this volume). The next major advance was the discovery that tetanus neurotoxin 1 can be converted by formaldehyde treatment to a nonpathogenic but still fully immunogenic form, and that this can be used successfully as a vaccine to prevent tetanus (RAMON and DESCOMBEY 1925). Similar vaccines (toxoids) can be prepared with botulism neurotoxins (see MiDDLEBROOK and BROWN, this volume). The prevention oftetanus by vaccination (see Galatzka and Gasse, this volume) is one of the great successes of basic research coupled with an efficient public medicine service.

Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy

Author : Daniel Truong
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009098667
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy by : Daniel Truong

Download or read book Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy written by Daniel Truong and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-11-30 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensively illustrated, visual guide to botulinum toxin injection therapy covering typical and unexpected applications.

Botulinum Toxin in Facial Rejuvenation E-Book

Author : Kate Coleman
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702077879
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin in Facial Rejuvenation E-Book by : Kate Coleman

Download or read book Botulinum Toxin in Facial Rejuvenation E-Book written by Kate Coleman and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-02-23 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now thoroughly revised to reflect state-of-the-art advances in the field, Botulinum Toxin in Facial Rejuvenation, 2nd Edition, covers the entire range of the use of botulinum toxin for cosmetic purposes. Dr. Kate Coleman offers practical guidance for safe handling, selection and assessment of patients, potential complications and pitfalls, and aesthetic techniques, as well as comparative modalities and long-term management. This is an ideal resource for anyone who offers this sought-after procedure, including cosmetic surgeons, oculoplastic surgeons, dermatologists, physician’s assistants, and registered nurses. Features new, unique coverage of long-term management, picturing the same original patients 15 years later, as well as observations on how treatments should be adjusted as the patient gets older in order to respond to natural changes in bone density and underlying support structures. Presents new knowledge on neuromodulation and how treatment can be used to ‘retrain’ expressions to provide fewer frowns lines and better facial symmetry. Offers comparative information on other modalities such as laser and hyaluronic acid, as well as potential risk factors, so you can choose the best procedure for each patient. Discusses the various forms of botulinum toxin currently available on the market, with an emphasis on Botox, Xeomin, and Dysport. Uses full-color clinical photos of pre-, peri-, and post-operative results to illustrate nuances of techniques as well as the effectiveness of botulinum toxin on wrinkles and scars for the major facial areas. Provides current guidelines on treatment methods and best practices for reconstitution and storage. Discusses which patients may be at risk for adverse effects―or "worsening results"―and offers suitable alternatives.

Treatments from Toxins

Author : Keith Alan Foster
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420004158
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatments from Toxins by : Keith Alan Foster

Download or read book Treatments from Toxins written by Keith Alan Foster and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-11-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As little as two decades ago, deliberately injecting botulinum toxin into patients would have seemed foolhardy at best and criminal at worst. The increased clinical use of botulinum toxins has expanded the body of knowledge available on the structure and function of these proteins. This knowledge can be applied to topics as varied as therapies based on the endopeptidase activity of the toxins, vaccine development, protection against botulism, and vectors for neuronal drug delivery. Based on recent scientific and clinical information from top international authorities, Treatments from Toxins: The Therapeutic Potential of Clostridial Neurotoxins reviews the status of current research and development and identifies significant developments. Drawing on their vast experience in this field, the editors present the basic background of the bacteriology and genetics of the neurotoxigenic clostridia, a history of the discovery of the neurotoxins, and an overview of the tetanus and botulism diseases. The chapters detailing common medical applications of the toxins cover side effects and novel uses, including neuronal drug delivery strategies, and provide a fresh look at what can still be achieved. They also explore the toxins as potential threat agents and the advent of the therapeutic use of botulinum toxins. Highlighting the pitfalls, successes, and challenges that exist when engineering complex proteins, the book brings together the clinical and theoretical worlds. It presents a broad overview of the current status of botulinum research and its clinical applications.

Botulinum Toxin in Clinical Practice

Author : Miles G. Berry
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030806729
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Toxin in Clinical Practice by : Miles G. Berry

Download or read book Botulinum Toxin in Clinical Practice written by Miles G. Berry and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concisely summarizes the use of Botulinum neurotoxin in facial rejuvenation. It details relevant aspects of the physiology, pharmacology, safety profile and anatomy of the toxin. Chapters breakdown critical aspects related to the clinical assessment and aesthetic administration of this neurotoxin along with insightful information on its regulation. Botulinum Toxin in Clinical Practice provides a practically focused introductory text to the cosmetic applications of this neurotoxin in aesthetic dermatology, making it an ideal resource for the trainee practitioner seeking a concise summary of the topic.

Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Manual

Author : Katharine E. Alter, MD
Publisher : Demos Medical Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1617052094
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Manual by : Katharine E. Alter, MD

Download or read book Botulinum Neurotoxin Injection Manual written by Katharine E. Alter, MD and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-15 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Essential Guide for Clinicians Who Prescribe and Inject BoNTs This is a detailed and practical guide to botulinum neurotoxin therapy (BoNT) and the wide range of applications for neurological and pain disorders. A unique reference source for new injectors and experienced clinicians alike, this indispensable manual provides information on dose, dilution, and indications for all four FDA-approved toxins in one handy text. Following a brief review of relevant pharmacology, the book provides product information and comparative distinctions between the four FDA-approved toxins (BotoxÆ, MyoblocÆ, XeominÆ, and DysportÆ), along with indications and doses for FDA-approved conditions, guidance techniques, and common and emerging clinical applications. The heart of the book is an injection manual, organized anatomically and by condition and covering all applications for medical treatment. For each condition or site, information is provided on typical muscle pattern or muscle groups involved, dosing guidelines and dilution for the applicable toxins, number of injection sites, and potential risks and benefits. Targeting techniques are organized in table format for quick retrieval. Anatomic illustrations and cross-sections are provided to orient injectors and help identify optimal insertion points. An appendix with useful clinical rating scales is also included. Key Features: Presents state-of-the-art information about current indications for all four FDA-approved botulinum neurotoxins Compares and contrasts the four toxins along with common and emerging clinical applications Provides dosing guidelines for various indications and injection sites for each muscle Includes anatomic drawings and cross-sections to illustrate muscle relationships and insertion points Serves as a practical, portable, how-to guide for new and experienced clinicians