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Context Effects On The Representation Of Meaning
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Book Synopsis Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts by : Jie Yang
Download or read book Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts written by Jie Yang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embodied theories claim that semantic representations are grounded in sensorimotor systems, but the contribution of sensorimotor brain areas in representing meaning is still controversial. One current debate is whether activity in sensorimotor areas during language comprehension is automatic. Numerous neuroimaging studies reveal activity in perception and action areas during semantic processing that is automatic and independent of context, but increasing findings show that involvement of sensorimotor areas and the connectivity between word-form areas and sensorimotor areas can be modulated by contextual information. Context Effects on Embodied Representation of Language Concepts focuses on these findings and discusses the influences from word, phrase, and sentential contexts that emphasize either dominant conceptual features or non-dominant conceptual features. - Reviews the findings about contextual modularity - Clarifies the invariant and flexible features of embodied lexical-semantic processing
Book Synopsis Attitude Strength by : Richard E. Petty
Download or read book Attitude Strength written by Richard E. Petty and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena.
Book Synopsis Neurobiology of Attention by : Laurent Itti
Download or read book Neurobiology of Attention written by Laurent Itti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-03-31 with total page 757 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A key property of neural processing in higher mammals is the ability to focus resources by selectively directing attention to relevant perceptions, thoughts or actions. Research into attention has grown rapidly over the past two decades, as new techniques have become available to study higher brain function in humans, non-human primates, and other mammals. Neurobiology of Attention is the first encyclopedic volume to summarize the latest developments in attention research.An authoritative collection of over 100 chapters organized into thematic sections provides both broad coverage and access to focused, up-to-date research findings. This book presents a state-of-the-art multidisciplinary perspective on psychological, physiological and computational approaches to understanding the neurobiology of attention. Ideal for students, as a reference handbook or for rapid browsing, the book has a wide appeal to anybody interested in attention research.* Contains numerous quick-reference articles covering the breadth of investigation into the subject of attention* Provides extensive introductory commentary to orient and guide the reader* Includes the most recent research results in this field of study
Book Synopsis The Representation of Meaning in Memory (PLE: Memory) by : Walter Kintsch
Download or read book The Representation of Meaning in Memory (PLE: Memory) written by Walter Kintsch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974, this volume presents empirical and theoretical investigations of the role of meaning in psychological processes. A theory is proposed for the representation of the meaning of texts, employing ordered lists of propositions. The author explores the adequacy of this representation, with respect to the demands made upon such formulations by logicians and linguists. A sufficiently large number of problems are encompassed by the propositional theory to justify its use in psychological research into memory and language comprehension. A number of different experiments are reported on a wide variety of topics, and these test central portions of this theory, and any that purports to deal with how humans represent meaning. Among the topics discussed are the role of lexical decomposition in comprehension and memory, propositions as the units of recall, and the effects of the number of propositions in a text base upon reading rate and recall. New problems are explored, such as inferential processes during reading, differences in levels of memory for text, and retrieval speed for textual information. On the other hand, a study of retrieval from semantic memory focusses on a problem of much current research. The final review chapter relates the present work to other current research in the area at the time.
Book Synopsis What are Mental Representations? by : Joulia Smortchkova
Download or read book What are Mental Representations? written by Joulia Smortchkova and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of this book is mental representation, a theoretical concept that lies at the core of cognitive science. Together with the idea that thinking is analogous to computational processing, this concept is responsible for the "cognitive turn" in the sciences of the mind and brain since the 1950s. Conceiving of cognitive processes (such as perception, reasoning, and motor control) as consisting of the manipulation of contentful vehicles that represent the world has led to tremendous empirical advancements in our explanations of behaviour. Perhaps the most famous discovery that explains behavior by appealing to the notion of mental representations was the discovery of 'place' cells that underlie spatial navigation and positioning, which earned researchers John O'Keefe, May-Britt Moser, and Edvard I. Moser a joint Nobel Prize in 2014. And yet, despite the empirical importance of the concept, there is no agreed definition or theoretical understanding of mental representation. This book constitutes a state-of-the-art overview on the topic of mental representation, assembling some of the leading experts in the field and allowing them to engage in meaningful exchanges over some of the most contentious questions. The collection gathers both proponents and critics of the notion, making room for debates dealing with the theoretical and ontological status of representations, the possibility of formulating a general account of mental representation which would fit our best explanatory practices, and the possibility of delivering such an account in fully naturalistic terms. Some contributors explore the relation between mutually incompatible notions of mental representation, stemming from the different disciplines composing the cognitive sciences (such as neuroscience, psychology, and computer science). Others question the ontological status and explanatory usefulness of the notion. And finally, some try to sketch a general theory of mental representations that could face the challenges outlined in the more critical chapters of the volume.
Book Synopsis Context Effects in Semantic Interpretation by : Shu-Hong Zhu
Download or read book Context Effects in Semantic Interpretation written by Shu-Hong Zhu and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory and Control of Action written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory and Control of Action
Book Synopsis The Representation of Meaning in Memory (PLE: Memory) by : Walter Kintsch
Download or read book The Representation of Meaning in Memory (PLE: Memory) written by Walter Kintsch and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1974, this volume presents empirical and theoretical investigations of the role of meaning in psychological processes. A theory is proposed for the representation of the meaning of texts, employing ordered lists of propositions. The author explores the adequacy of this representation, with respect to the demands made upon such formulations by logicians and linguists. A sufficiently large number of problems are encompassed by the propositional theory to justify its use in psychological research into memory and language comprehension. A number of different experiments are reported on a wide variety of topics, and these test central portions of this theory, and any that purports to deal with how humans represent meaning. Among the topics discussed are the role of lexical decomposition in comprehension and memory, propositions as the units of recall, and the effects of the number of propositions in a text base upon reading rate and recall. New problems are explored, such as inferential processes during reading, differences in levels of memory for text, and retrieval speed for textual information. On the other hand, a study of retrieval from semantic memory focusses on a problem of much current research. The final review chapter relates the present work to other current research in the area at the time.
Book Synopsis Reading Complex Words by : Egbert M.H. Assink
Download or read book Reading Complex Words written by Egbert M.H. Assink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together current research findings on the involvement of word-internal structure for the purpose of word reading (especially morphological structure). The central theme of reading complex words is approached from several angles, such that the chapters span a wide variety of topics where this issue is important. It is a valuable resource for all researchers studying the mental lexicon and to those who teach advanced courses in the psychology of language.
Book Synopsis Lexical Representation by : Gareth Gaskell
Download or read book Lexical Representation written by Gareth Gaskell and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes the work of experts from a wide range of backgrounds who share the desire to understand how the human brain represents words. The focus of the volume is on the nature and structure of word forms and morphemes, the processes operating on the speech input to gain access to lexical representations, the modeling and acquisition of these processes, and on the neural underpinnings of lexical representation and process.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Psycholinguistics by : Matthew Traxler
Download or read book Handbook of Psycholinguistics written by Matthew Traxler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 1197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With Psycholinguistics in its fifth decade of existence, the second edition of the Handbook of Psycholinguistics represents a comprehensive survey of psycholinguistic theory, research and methodology, with special emphasis on the very best empirical research conducted in the past decade. Thirty leading experts have been brought together to present the reader with both broad and detailed current issues in Language Production, Comprehension and Development. The handbook is an indispensible single-source guide for professional researchers, graduate students, advanced undergraduates, university and college teachers, and other professionals in the fields of psycholinguistics, language comprehension, reading, neuropsychology of language, linguistics, language development, and computational modeling of language. It will also be a general reference for those in neighboring fields such as cognitive and developmental psychology and education. - Provides a complete account of psycholinguistic theory, research, and methodology - 30 of the field's foremost experts have contributed to this edition - An invaluable single-source reference
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics by : M. Gareth Gaskell
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics written by M. Gareth Gaskell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to communicate through spoken and written language is one of the defining characteristics of the human race, yet it remains a deeply mysterious process. The young science of psycholinguistics attempts to uncover the mechanisms and representations underlying human language. This interdisciplinary field has seen massive developments over the past decade, with a broad expansion of the research base, and the incorporation of new experimental techniques such as brain imaging and computational modelling. The result is that real progress is being made in the understanding of the key components of language in the mind. The Oxford Handbook of Psycholinguistics brings together the views of 75 leading researchers in psycholinguistics to provide a comprehensive and authoritative review of the current state of the art in psycholinguistics. With almost 50 chapters written by experts in the field, the range and depth of coverage is unequalled. The contributors are eminent in a wide range of fields, including psychology, linguistics, human memory, cognitive neuroscience, bilingualism, genetics, development and neuropsychology. Their contributions are organised into six themed sections, covering word recognition, the mental lexicon, comprehension and discourse, language production, language development, and perspectives on psycholinguistics. The breadth of coverage, coupled with the accessibility of the short chapter format should make the handbook essential reading for both students and researchers in the fields of psychology, linguistics and neuroscience.
Book Synopsis Knowledge in Context by : Sandra Jovchelovitch
Download or read book Knowledge in Context written by Sandra Jovchelovitch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-11 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this classic edition of her groundbreaking text Knowledge in Context, Sandra Jovchelovitch revisits her influential work on the societal and cultural processes that shape the development of representational processes in humans. Through a novel analysis of processes of representation, and drawing on dialogues between psychology, sociology and anthropology, Jovchelovitch argues that representation, a social psychological construct relating Self, Other and Object-world, is at the basis of all knowledge. Exploring the dominant assumptions of western conceptions of knowledge and the quest for a unitary reason free from the ‘impurities’ of person, community and culture, Jovchelovitch recasts questions related to historical comparisons between the knowledge of adults and children, ‘civilised’ and ‘primitive’ peoples, scientists and lay communities and examines the ambivalence of classical theorists such as Piaget, Vygotsky, Freud, Durkheim and Lévy-Bruhl in addressing these issues. Featuring a new introductory chapter, the author evaluates the last decade of research since Knowledge in Context first appeared and reassesses the social psychology of the contemporary public sphere, exploring how challenges to the dialogicality of representations reconfigure both community and selfhood in this early 21st century. This book will make essential reading for all those wanting to follow debates on knowledge and representation at the cutting edge of social, cultural and developmental psychology, sociology, anthropology, development and cultural studies.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society by : Johanna D. Moore
Download or read book Proceedings of the Twenty-Third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society written by Johanna D. Moore and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. includes all papers and posters presented at 2001 Cog Sci Mtg & summaries of symposia & invited addresses. Deals w/ issues of repres & model'g cog processes. Appeals to scholars in subdisciplines that comprise Cog Sci: Psych, Computr Sci, Neuro, Lin
Book Synopsis Context in Communication: A Cognitive View by : Gabriella Airenti
Download or read book Context in Communication: A Cognitive View written by Gabriella Airenti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context is what contributes to interpret a communicative act beyond the spoken words. It provides information essential to clarify the intentions of a speaker, and thus to identify the actual meaning of an utterance. A large amount of research in Pragmatics has shown how wide-ranging and multifaceted this concept can be. Context spans from the preceding words in a conversation to the general knowledge that the interlocutors supposedly share, from the perceived environment to features and traits that the participants in a dialogue attribute to each other. This last category is also very broad, since it includes mental and emotional states, together with culturally constructed knowledge, such as the reciprocal identification of social roles and positions. The assumption of a cognitive point of view brings to the foreground a number of new questions regarding how information about the context is organized in the mind and how this kind of knowledge is used in specific communicative situations. A related, very important question concerns the role played in this process by theory of mind abilities (ToM), both in typical and atypical populations. In this Research Topic, we bring together articles that address different aspects of context analysis from theoretical and empirical perspectives, integrating knowledge and methods derived from Philosophy of language, Linguistics, Cognitive Science, Cognitive Neuroscience, Developmental and Clinical Psychology.
Book Synopsis Psychology of Learning and Motivation by :
Download or read book Psychology of Learning and Motivation written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1994-12-23 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Psychology of Learning and Motivation publishes empirical and theoretical contributions in cognitive and experimental psychology, ranging from classical and instrumental conditioning to complex learning and problem solving. Each chapter provides a thoughtful integration of a body of work. Volume 31 covers children's representations of groups, diagnostic reasoning in medical expertise, and object representation.
