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Content And Data Quality Of Primary Care Routine Data Collection Projects A Systematic Review Of The Literature Anglais
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Book Synopsis Content and Data Quality of Primary Care Routine Data Collection Projects: a Systematic Review of the Literature, Anglais by : Camille Hagenbourger
Download or read book Content and Data Quality of Primary Care Routine Data Collection Projects: a Systematic Review of the Literature, Anglais written by Camille Hagenbourger and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTEXTE Les données issues des dossiers médicaux de soins primaires (DMSP) présentent une synthèse de l'histoire médicale du patient et une vue globale de la santé de la population. Leur extraction au sein de projets de recueil de données internationaux et leur analyse a permis de nombreuses avancées dans plusieurs domaines comme la pharmacovigilance, l'épidémiologie. OBJECTIFS Comparer le fond, la forme et la qualité des données recueillies au sein des projets de recueil et d'analyse de données de soins primaires internationaux. Proposer un système de recueil et d'analyse interopérable avec les projets de recueil de données existants. MÉTHODE Une revue systématique de la littérature à partir de PubMed et Google Scholar en suivant les critères PRISMA et AMSTAR. Les sites internet des projets ont également été inclus dans l'analyse et leur référent internet a été contacté par mail ou visioconférence. Un formulaire standardisé préétabli a été rempli à partir de toutes ces informations en suivant trois axes : contenu des bases de données, format des données recueillies, qualité des données. RÉSULTATS 39 articles ont été sélectionnés grâce aux équations de recherche, et 5 articles supplémentaires ont été repérés sur les sites internet des projets retenus. 6 projets de recueil de données de soins primaires ont été étudiés : CPRD, CPCSSN, Intego, SIDIAP, NIVEL, Fire Project. Un tableau comparatif des contenus des données extraites a permis de distinguer les catégories communes aux bases de données, notamment les données administratives, les données de consultation, la thérapeutique, les données importées. L'architecture des bases de données a également été répertoriée. Les données extraites sont principalement codées en utilisant des codes internationaux (CISP, ATC) ou structurées (IMC). La qualité des données est évaluée en interne ou en externe avec des critères variables selon les pays. L'implication des médecins sert souvent de levier pour améliorer la qualité des données. DISCUSSION Les projets de recueil et d'analyse de DMSP se basent sur une extraction partielle des informations des dossiers, essentiellement codée. A l'ère du big data, de nouvelles perspectives du traitement de l'information s'ouvrent notamment grâce au machine learning. Ces technologies peuvent-elles venir enrichir la recherche sur les dossiers médicaux informatisés en soins primaires ?
Book Synopsis Improving Data Quality in Primary Care by : Justin St-Maurice
Download or read book Improving Data Quality in Primary Care written by Justin St-Maurice and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an era where governments around the world invest heavily in data collection and data management, poor-quality data is expensive and has many direct and indirect costs. While there are different types of data quality challenges, some of the more complex data quality problems depend on the design and production processes involved in generating data. Therefore, it is important to design systems that support better data quality. This involves understanding what quality means in a specific context, understanding how it can be measured, and identifying ways to encourage better data quality behaviours. Healthcare is not immune to the challenges of data quality and can be classified as a complex socio-technical system by virtue of its characteristics. As such, the study of healthcare data quality and its improvement is well suited for the domain of systems design and human factors engineering. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is especially well suited for this task, as it can be used to better understand the context and workflow of users in complex socio-technical domains. It is a conceptual framework that facilitates the analysis of factors that shape human-information interaction and has been used in healthcare for over 20 years. The approach is work-centred, rather than user-centred, and it analyses the constraints and goals that shape information behaviour in the work environment. I used CWA as a framework to help me analyse the problem of data quality in healthcare. My research uses an instrumental case study approach to understand data quality in primary care. My goal was to answer three questions: In primary care, how are individual users influenced by their environment to input high-quality data? What techniques could be used to design systems that persuade users to enter higher-quality data? Is it possible to improve data quality in primary care by persuading users with the user interface of information systems in these complex socio-technical systems? The scope of work included modelling data quality, defining and measuring data quality in a primary care system, establishing design concepts that could improve data quality through persuasion, and testing the viability of some design concepts. I began analysing this problem by creating an abstraction hierarchy of patient treatment with medical records. This model can be used to represent patient treatment from a primary care perspective. The model helped explain the patient treatment ecosystem and how data is generated through patient encounters. After creating my model to represent patient treatment, I incorporated it into two CWAs of data quality and data codification. The first model represented codification in the primary care ecosystem, whereas the second model represented codification in community hospitals. After developing abstraction hierarchies for both domains, I analysed similar tasks from each system with control task analysis, strategies analysis, and worker competencies analysis. The tasks that I analysed related specifically to data codification: in primary care, I modelled the record encounter task performed by clinicians at a Family Health Team (FHT), and in the community hospital, I modelled the abstract task performed by health information management professionals. I used the same record encounter task at the FHT as a continuing focus of my case study. I used both models of codification to perform a comparison. My goal was to identify the differences between the ecosystems and tasks that were present in primary care and the community hospital. Comparing CWA models is not a well-defined process in the literature, and I developed an approach to conduct this comparison based on seminal works. I used the approach to systematically compare each phase of my CWA models. I found that the analysis of both system domains in parallel enabled a richer understanding of each environment that may not have been achieved independently. In addition, I discovered that a rich environment exists around data codification processes, and this context influences and distinguishes the actions of users. While the tasks in both domains were seemingly similar, they took place with different priorities and required different competencies. After building and comparing models, I investigated the summarizing task in primary care more closely by analysing data within a FHT's reporting database. The goal of this study was to understand data quality tradeoffs between timeliness, validity, completeness, and use in primary care users. Data quality measures and metrics were developed through interviews with a focus group of managers. After analysing data quality measures for 196,967 patient encounters, I created baselines, modelled each measure with logit binomial regression to show correlations, characterized tradeoffs, and investigated data quality interactions. Based on the analysis, I found a positive relationship between validity and completeness, and a negative relationship between timeliness and use. Use of data and reductions in entry delay were positively associated with completeness and validity. These results suggested that if users are not provided with sufficient time to record data as part of their regular workflow, they will prioritize their time to spend more time with patients. As a measurement of the effectiveness of a system, the negative correlation between use and timeliness points to a self-reinforcing data repository that provides users with little external value. These findings were consistent with the modelling work and also provided useful insight to study data quality improvements within the system. I used my measures from the data analysis to select design priorities and behaviour changes that should, according to my ongoing case study, improve data quality. Then I developed several design concepts by combining CWA, a framework for behaviour change, and a design framework for persuasive systems. The design concepts adopted different persuasion principles to change specific behaviours. To test the validity of my design concepts, I worked with a FHT to implement some of my proposed interventions during a field study. This involved the introduction of a non-invasive summary screen into the user workflow. After the summary screen had been deployed for eight weeks, I received secondary data from the FHT to analyse. First, I performed a pre-post measurement of several data quality measures by doing a simple paired t-test. To further understand the results, I borrowed from healthcare quality improvement methodologies and used statistical process control charts to understand the overall context of the measures. The average delay per entry was reduced by 3.35 days, and the percentage of same-day entries increased by 10.3%. The number of records that were complete dropped by 4.8%. Changes to entry accuracy and report generation were not significant. Several additional insights could be extracted by looking at each the XmR chart for each variable and discussing the trends with the FHT. Feedback was also collected from users through an online survey. Through the use of a case study spanning several years, I was able to reach the following conclusions: data codification and data quality are manufactured within complex socio-technical systems and users are heavily influenced by a variety of factors within their ecosystem; persuasive design, informed with data from a CWA, is an effective technique for creating ecologically relevant persuasive designs; and data quality in primary care can be improved through the use of these designs in the system's user interface. There are interesting opportunities to apply the results of my work to other jurisdictions. A strength of this work lies in its usefulness for international readers to draw comparisons between different systems and health care environments throughout the world.
Book Synopsis Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies by : OECD
Download or read book Improving Healthcare Quality in Europe Characteristics, Effectiveness and Implementation of Different Strategies written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, developed by the Observatory together with OECD, provides an overall conceptual framework for understanding and applying strategies aimed at improving quality of care. Crucially, it summarizes available evidence on different quality strategies and provides recommendations for their implementation. This book is intended to help policy-makers to understand concepts of quality and to support them to evaluate single strategies and combinations of strategies.
Book Synopsis Clinical Data as the Basic Staple of Health Learning by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Clinical Data as the Basic Staple of Health Learning written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-14 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Successful development of clinical data as an engine for knowledge generation has the potential to transform health and health care in America. As part of its Learning Health System Series, the Roundtable on Value & Science-Driven Health Care hosted a workshop to discuss expanding the access to and use of clinical data as a foundation for care improvement.
Book Synopsis Finding What Works in Health Care by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Finding What Works in Health Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-07-20 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Healthcare decision makers in search of reliable information that compares health interventions increasingly turn to systematic reviews for the best summary of the evidence. Systematic reviews identify, select, assess, and synthesize the findings of similar but separate studies, and can help clarify what is known and not known about the potential benefits and harms of drugs, devices, and other healthcare services. Systematic reviews can be helpful for clinicians who want to integrate research findings into their daily practices, for patients to make well-informed choices about their own care, for professional medical societies and other organizations that develop clinical practice guidelines. Too often systematic reviews are of uncertain or poor quality. There are no universally accepted standards for developing systematic reviews leading to variability in how conflicts of interest and biases are handled, how evidence is appraised, and the overall scientific rigor of the process. In Finding What Works in Health Care the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommends 21 standards for developing high-quality systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research. The standards address the entire systematic review process from the initial steps of formulating the topic and building the review team to producing a detailed final report that synthesizes what the evidence shows and where knowledge gaps remain. Finding What Works in Health Care also proposes a framework for improving the quality of the science underpinning systematic reviews. This book will serve as a vital resource for both sponsors and producers of systematic reviews of comparative effectiveness research.
Book Synopsis Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of eliminating disparities in health care in the United States remains elusive. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. Addressing these disparities must begin with the fundamental step of bringing the nature of the disparities and the groups at risk for those disparities to light by collecting health care quality information stratified by race, ethnicity and language data. Then attention can be focused on where interventions might be best applied, and on planning and evaluating those efforts to inform the development of policy and the application of resources. A lack of standardization of categories for race, ethnicity, and language data has been suggested as one obstacle to achieving more widespread collection and utilization of these data. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data identifies current models for collecting and coding race, ethnicity, and language data; reviews challenges involved in obtaining these data, and makes recommendations for a nationally standardized approach for use in health care quality improvement.
Book Synopsis Systematic Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions by : Heidi D. Nelson
Download or read book Systematic Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions written by Heidi D. Nelson and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2014-05-29 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic Evidence Reviews to Answer Health Care Questions is your most effective, A-to-Z guide to conducting thorough, comprehensive systematic reviews. By breaking down topics and essential steps, this volume teaches you how to form key questions, select evidence, and perform illuminating review not just in predictable circumstances, but when basic rules don’t apply—honing your ability to think critically and solve problems. You’ll learn how to define a review’s purpose and scope, develop research questions, build a team, and even manage your project to maximize efficacy. If you’re looking to refine your approach to systematic reviews, don’t just catalog and collect; use this powerful text to evaluate, synthesize, and deliver results that will help shape the health care industry. FEATURES Presented in standard format throughout to allow for more practical, easy to read approach Provides useful instruction on how to conduct a high-quality systematic review that meets the recent standards of the Institute of Medicine Accessible, concise information about the state-of-the-art methods of systematic review, from key question formulation to assessing the quality of included studies and reporting results Illustrated throughout with real-world examples from systematic reviews that have been used to inform practice guidelines and health policy
Book Synopsis How To Do Primary Care Research by : Felicity Goodyear-Smith
Download or read book How To Do Primary Care Research written by Felicity Goodyear-Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical ‘How To’ guide talks the reader step-by-step through designing, conducting and disseminating primary care research, a growing discipline internationally. The vast majority of health care issues are experienced by people in community settings, who are not adequately represented by hospital-based research. There is therefore a great need to upskill family physicians and other primary care workers and academics to conduct community-based research to inform best practice. Aimed at emerging researchers, including those in developing countries, this book also addresses cutting edge and newly developing research methods, which will be of equal interest to more experienced researchers.
Book Synopsis Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists by :
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1961-05 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Book Synopsis A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic diseases are common and costly, yet they are also among the most preventable health problems. Comprehensive and accurate disease surveillance systems are needed to implement successful efforts which will reduce the burden of chronic diseases on the U.S. population. A number of sources of surveillance data-including population surveys, cohort studies, disease registries, administrative health data, and vital statistics-contribute critical information about chronic disease. But no central surveillance system provides the information needed to analyze how chronic disease impacts the U.S. population, to identify public health priorities, or to track the progress of preventive efforts. A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases outlines a conceptual framework for building a national chronic disease surveillance system focused primarily on cardiovascular and chronic lung diseases. This system should be capable of providing data on disparities in incidence and prevalence of the diseases by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic region, along with data on disease risk factors, clinical care delivery, and functional health outcomes. This coordinated surveillance system is needed to integrate and expand existing information across the multiple levels of decision making in order to generate actionable, timely knowledge for a range of stakeholders at the local, state or regional, and national levels. The recommendations presented in A Nationwide Framework for Surveillance of Cardiovascular and Chronic Lung Diseases focus on data collection, resource allocation, monitoring activities, and implementation. The report also recommends that systems evolve along with new knowledge about emerging risk factors, advancing technologies, and new understanding of the basis for disease. This report will inform decision-making among federal health agencies, especially the Department of Health and Human Services; public health and clinical practitioners; non-governmental organizations; and policy makers, among others.
Book Synopsis Quality Assessment of Clinical Data Using Automated Data Profiling by : Jodi Nygaard
Download or read book Quality Assessment of Clinical Data Using Automated Data Profiling written by Jodi Nygaard and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) provided a three year grant to Academy Health in 2010 for an Electronic Data Methods (EDM) forum to gather the techniques used and lessons learned from leveraging clinical datasets for research in a number of ongoing projects. This included focusing on data quality management activities. As of July 2014, the results of the grant project have not been published, but this investment by AHRQ illustrates that there is a need to find the best methods to assess the quality of clinical datasets before leveraging them for clinical research studies. After conducting a literature review of best practices in Information Technology (IT) for assessing the quality of data, this thesis asserts that a method known as data profiling should be used to provide information about a data set to its consumers. The objective of this thesis project was to vet data profiling as a best practice for assessing the quality of a data set and to show that the output of the methods found fulfill the needs of principle investigators using retrospective clinical datasets for their research projects. A literature review was conducted to determine the best practices of data profiling and methods used to uncover the truth about the structure, content and quality of a data set. The methods and best practices were applied to a retrospective clinical data set and the principle investigator was interviewed to determine the value to his project. The profiling tool produced many statistics about the content of the database. Summary statistics and frequencies all uncovered the texture of the data. For example, the ages of patients in the database range from 28 to 94 and there are no Native Americans included in the dataset. 21.72% of the records in the database had some type of data quality issue. Out of 19,404 total values (attributes multiplied by records), only 0.5% were considered to be low quality. Five types of data quality rules uncovered these issues. The project took 35.5 hours for the business analyst to complete the entire assessment from beginning to end. Automated data profiling is an efficient and effective method of assessing the quality of retrospective clinical datasets. It should be implemented and formally documented to provide users of data with knowledge about the state of the data before it is leveraged to answer research questions. This can save time spent getting approvals via Institutional Review Boards (IRB) to use data that might not work for a specific project, or give a data consumer enough information to select the best source of data for their use. Data quality issues that are found can sometimes be remediated. In the case where they cannot, the limitation is at least understood by the researcher and the records can be thrown out if they compromise the study.
Download or read book Primary Care written by Barbara Starfield and published by Religion in America. This book was released on 1998 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Primary Care now highlights two additional areas compared to the previous edition, equity in health services and health, and the overlap between clinical medicine and public health. It provides a basis for future directions in health policy.
Book Synopsis Statistical Analysis in Primary Care by : Nigel Mathers
Download or read book Statistical Analysis in Primary Care written by Nigel Mathers and published by Taylor & Francis Us. This book was released on 2000 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data analysis can seem daunting and difficult. Standard statistical tests appear dry and complicated and there is often little time spare to learn these new skills. Help is at hand with this new book. It tackles the subject of data analysis in primary care in a user friendly way with numerous worked examples, including SPSS for Windows and Epi. Each chapter starts with an outline of specific learning objectives which progress can be measured against, and ends with exercises and suggestions for further reading. All those involved with research based in primary care will find it indispensable. Primary Care Research series is aimed at developing the knowledge, expertise and skills of all practitioners in primary care. Each book is based on contributions from experts in their field and is supported by practical facts, personal insight, support and advice. They enable all primary care practitioners to realise the potential of exploring information used in everyday working practice. Other books in the Primary Care Research series: Saks: Developing Research in Primary Care Wilson: Research Approaches in Primary Care
Author :The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309570689 Total Pages :42 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Measuring the Quality of Health Care by : The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality
Download or read book Measuring the Quality of Health Care written by The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-23 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Roundtable on Health Care Quality was established in 1995 by the Institute of Medicine. The Roundtable consists of experts formally appointed through procedures of the National Research Council (NRC) who represent both public and private-sector perspectives and appropriate areas of substantive expertise (not organizations). From the public sector, heads of appropriate Federal agencies serve. It offers a unique, nonadversarial environment to explore ongoing rapid changes in the medical marketplace and the implications of these changes for the quality of health and health care in this nation. The Roundtable has a liaison panel focused on quality of care in managed care organizations. The Roundtable convenes nationally prominent representatives of the private and public sector (regional, state and federal), academia, patients, and the health media to analyze unfolding issues concerning quality, to hold workshops and commission papers on significant topics, and when appropriate, to produce periodic statements for the nation on quality of care matters. By providing a structured opportunity for regular communication and interaction, the Roundtable fosters candid discussion among individuals who represent various sides of a given issue.
Book Synopsis Improving Access to and Usability of Systematic Review Data for Health Systems Guidelines Development by : Annette Marie Totten
Download or read book Improving Access to and Usability of Systematic Review Data for Health Systems Guidelines Development written by Annette Marie Totten and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: Evidence presented in systematic reviews informs the development of healthcare practice, guidelines, and policy. The inherent complexity and quantity of data in systemic reviews may impede understanding and use in decision processes, but little evidence exists on transforming large volumes of these data into accessible formats for end users. The objectives of this Evidence-based Practice Center (EPC) pilot project were (1) to identify the information needs of health systems guideline/protocol developers; (2) to assess existing, off-the-shelf software or Web platforms that would allow creation of interactive presentations of systematic review data in formats that would address the identified needs, and (3) to test the ability of selected software/platforms to make the large amount of data included in a recent systematic review of chronic pain management more accessible for decision makers at Oregon Health & Science University. METHODS: To develop and test alternative formats for dissemination, we assessed stakeholder needs through qualitative interviews with a department director and four health system content experts. We reviewed interview notes and identified the key themes in team discussion, and arrived at consensus. We then conducted a literature search regarding core functionalities desired in evidence summaries and systematic reviews, as described by the content experts. Next, we compared recommendations from the content experts and the literature search to several existing software tools in order to select two tools for the pilot test. We imported data from a recent systematic review on chronic pain into the selected tools to mock up example outputs. Finally, we solicited reactions from the department director and six health system content experts (four of whom were interviewed initially) on the mocked-up report examples in terms of accessibility and utility, and we based recommendations for next steps on these assessments and our experience. RESULTS: The key theme that emerged from the initial interviews with content experts was the need for two core functionalities: the ability to drill down from a general overview to specific more information and the ability to select subsets of evidence from a larger review. We identified two tools that provided these functions and that met our other criteria: MAGICapp is a platform for evidence summaries; Tableau is a data management and visualization tool. MAGICapp required less time and skill to mock up, as the data were entered manually into the Web-based platform, while Tableau required more time and a staff member with knowledge of informatics such as the ability to set up the relational databases for the dashboard. MAGICapp parameters required the data output to follow the structure of the pain review and allowed users to drill down to granular detail; Tableau allowed users to explore evidence without adhering to the organization of the review, but could not provide the granularity found in MAGICapp. Neither of the two tools we tested were able to fulfill both core functionalities, drilling down to specific study data and reviewing subsets of evidence outside the confines of the organization of the pain review. The second round of health system content expert interviews provided positive feedback on the products, aesthetically as well as for their potential functionality. Respondents perceived Tableau as ideal for content experts reviewing data, as the functionality allows users to query the data in multiple ways. Respondents perceived MAGICapp as the better choice for multidisciplinary groups or decision makers less familiar with the data, given the tool's organized structure and capacity for explanatory text. The two key themes from the second-round interviews and our evaluation were (1) the need for the learning health system administrators to consider the level of expertise of the end users, as those with more or less familiarity with a set of data may require the granularity of MAGICapp or the freedom of Tableau and (2) the need for EPCs to test one or both prototype in an actual review from the beginning in order to accurately estimate what additional staff time and expertise is needed to prepare, import, and manage data beyond the traditional EPC report formats. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this "proof-of-concept" prototype development demonstrate that existing tools could be used to make large systematic reviews more accessible and usable. However, an individual tool may not have the capacity to provide all desired functionalities, and each tool has differing requirements for time, data management, and staff expertise. To better understand the actual time required, the data storage needs, implications for EPCs and learning health systems, and issues related to Section 508 accessibility standards and government data rights, we recommend a follow-on pilot be conducted to allow systematic review teams to test these tools as integrated components of one or a small number of future reviews. This follow-on research would provide realistic data on the resources needed to generate systematic reviews in alternative formats and allow further assessment of whether these formats can increase uptake of EPC reports within learning health systems.
Book Synopsis Community Oriented Primary Care by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Community Oriented Primary Care written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-01-01 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Data Envelopment Analysis Applied to Quality in Primary Health Care by : Javier Salinas Jiménez
Download or read book Data Envelopment Analysis Applied to Quality in Primary Health Care written by Javier Salinas Jiménez and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
