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Consumerdirected Health Plans Health Status Spending And Utilization Of Enrollees In Plans Based On Health Reimbursement Arrangements
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Book Synopsis ConsumerDirected Health Plans: Health Status, Spending, and Utilization of Enrollees in Plans Based on Health Reimbursement Arrangements by :
Download or read book ConsumerDirected Health Plans: Health Status, Spending, and Utilization of Enrollees in Plans Based on Health Reimbursement Arrangements written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer-directed Health Plans by : Office, U.s. Government Accountability
Download or read book Consumer-directed Health Plans written by Office, U.s. Government Accountability and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-16 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Consumer-directed health plans (CDHP) combine a high-deductible health plan with a tax-advantaged account, such as a health reimbursement arrangement (HRA), that enrollees can use to pay for health care expenses. In an effort to restrain cost growth, several employers, including the federal government through its Office of Personnel Management (OPM), have offered HRAs for several years.For enrollees in HRAs compared with those in traditional plans such as preferred provider organization (PPO) plans, GAO assessed (1) differences in health status, and (2) changes in spending and utilization of health care services. GAO analyzed data from two large employers-one public and one private-that introduced an HRA option in 2003. GAO compared changes in health spending and utilization before and after 2003 for enrollees who switched from a PPO into an HRA (the HRA group) with those who stayed in a PPO (the PPO group). At the time GAO made its data requests to each employer, 2007 data from the public employer and 2005 data from the private employer were the most current and complete data available. GAO also reviewed published studies that included an assessment of the health status, spending, or utilization of HRA and other CDHP enrollees compared..."
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781983716096 Total Pages :48 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (16 download)
Book Synopsis Consumerdirected Health Plans Health Status,spending, and Utilization of Enrollees in Plans Based on Health Reimbursement Arrangements by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Consumerdirected Health Plans Health Status,spending, and Utilization of Enrollees in Plans Based on Health Reimbursement Arrangements written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spending, and Utilization of Enrollees in Plans Based on Health Reimbursement Arrangements
Book Synopsis Consumer-directed health plans by : United States. Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Consumer-directed health plans written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Consumer-directed Health Plans by : Philip Ellis
Download or read book Consumer-directed Health Plans written by Philip Ellis and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors for Selecting a Consumer Directed Health Care Plan by : David William Jordan
Download or read book Factors for Selecting a Consumer Directed Health Care Plan written by David William Jordan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health Reimbursement Arrangements (HRAs) and Health Savings Account (HSA) eligible High Deductible Health Plans (HDHPs) emerged as a new health care insurance models referred to as Consumer Directed Health Plans (CDHPs) in the early 2000s. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between enrollees' prior financial experiences as they relate to health care access and use with plan choice when a Managed Care Preferred Provider Organization (PPO), HRA, and HSA eligible HDHP are offered concurrently in an ESI program. It is important to examine new health insurance structures, such as CDHPs, to better understand their impact on enrollees' choice of health plan. Factors that determine enrollees' plan choice can influence the distribution of socio-economic, health risk, and behavioral characteristics across plans. These factors in turn can affect the financial costs, risk pools, and long-term solvency of such plans. The theoretical framework used in this study is adapted from Andersen's behavioral model and suggests economic enabling resources, self-perceived need for health care, predisposing characteristics, and plan cost characteristics are significant factors in Managed Care verses CDHP choice. First, descriptive statistics are used to describe the enrollee population relative to available plans. Then, multivariate analyses are used to examine hypotheses developed to examine employee earnings, prior Flexible Spending Account (FSA) participation, prior total cost sharing and Relative Risk Scores (RRS). Findings suggest first that CDHPs benefit from favorable selection, however the type of CDHP is a critical factor in the dynamics of plan choice. It is important not to categorize different forms of HRAs and HSA eligible HDHPs generically as CDHPs, but treat them as unique based upon their cost and administrative characteristics. Second, enrollees appear to select a plan that minimizes their future financial exposure based on past ESI experiences. Finally, CDHP choice and enrollee earnings may not have a simple linear relationship as suggested by prior research. Plan choice may depend largely on the dynamics between factors of economic resources, perceived need, and plan cost characteristics.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976431760 Total Pages :38 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (317 download)
Book Synopsis Consumer-Directed Health Plans by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Consumer-Directed Health Plans written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-10-04 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insurance carriers, employers, and individuals are showing increasing interest in consumer-directed health plans (CDHP). CDHPs typically combine a high-deductible health plan with a health reimbursement arrangement (HRA) or health savings account (HSA). HRAs and HSAs are tax-advantaged accounts used to pay enrollees' health care expenses, and unused balances may accrue for future use, potentially giving enrollees an incentive to purchase health care more prudently. The plans also provide decision-support tools to help enrollees become more actively involved in making health care purchasing decisions. Because CDHPs are relatively new, there is interest in the extent of enrollment and in other aspects of the plans. GAO was asked to review the prevalence of CDHPs, how the associated accounts are funded and used, and the factors that may contribute to the growth or limit the appeal of these plans. GAO examined survey data on CDHP enrollment and interviewed or obtained data from employers, insurance carriers, individuals, financial institutions, and other
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health Care Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :268 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Health Savings Accounts by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health Care
Download or read book Health Savings Accounts written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on Health Care and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Consumer Directed Health Plan Enrollment on Healthcare Expenditure and Service Utilization by : Ruchira Mahashabde
Download or read book Effect of Consumer Directed Health Plan Enrollment on Healthcare Expenditure and Service Utilization written by Ruchira Mahashabde and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To investigate the effects of High Deductible Health Plans paired with a Health Savings Account on the healthcare expenditure and health services utilization. Methods: Data from the 2014 and 2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey was analyzed. Subjects enrolled in a Consumer Directed Health Plan (CDHP) were compared with subjects enrolled in non-CDHP after matching. A Chi-square analysis was conducted to assess frequency distribution of subjects in the treatment group as compared to the control. The control group was weighted using propensity score weights to match treatment group. The difference in the healthcare expenditures between the two groups was estimated using a Wilcoxon sign rank test and independent sample t-test. The effect of CDHP enrollment on health services utilization was estimated using a regression model. Results: The total sample population was 2132. The CDHP group was found to have a higher proportion of White, Non-Hispanics with high level of education and high family income as compared to the control group. A significant difference was found between the out-of-pocket costs (OOP) (p=0.0004) and the overall healthcare expenditure (p=0.0119) with the CDHP group having higher costs. There was no significant association between low or high use of health services. Conclusion: The findings suggest that CDHPs might not be fulfilling their required goal of reducing healthcare expenditure as well use of unnecessary care.
Author :United States Government Accountability Office Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781976430893 Total Pages :44 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (38 download)
Book Synopsis Consumer-directed Health Plans by : United States Government Accountability Office
Download or read book Consumer-directed Health Plans written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health savings accounts (HSA) and the high-deductible health insurance plans that are eligible to be coupled with them are a new type of consumer-directed health plan attracting interest among employers and consumers. Employers and plan enrollees may contribute to tax-advantaged HSAs, and enrollees can use the accounts to pay for health care expenses. Because HSAs and HSA-eligible plans are new, there is interest in the experiences of plan enrollees, as well as in comparing the plan features and enrollee characteristics with those of traditional plans, such as preferred provider organization (PPO) plans. GAO reviewed (1) the financial features of HSA-eligible plans in comparison with those of traditional plans, (2) the characteristics of HSA-eligible plan enrollees in comparison with those of traditional plan enrollees, (3) HSA funding and use, and (4) enrollees' experiences with HSA-eligible plans. GAO analyzed data regarding HSA-eligible and traditional plans and enrollees from national employer health benefits surveys, three selected employers, and a national broker of health insurance. GAO compared Internal Revenue Service (IRS) data for tax
Book Synopsis Decision Making in Consumer-directed Health Plans by : Judith Hoffman Hibbard
Download or read book Decision Making in Consumer-directed Health Plans written by Judith Hoffman Hibbard and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Patient Responses to Incentives in Consumer-directed Health Plans by : Peter J. Huckfeldt
Download or read book Patient Responses to Incentives in Consumer-directed Health Plans written by Peter J. Huckfeldt and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior studies suggest that consumer-directed health plans (CDHPs) -characterized by high deductibles and health care accounts- reduce health costs, but there is concern that enrollees indiscriminately reduce use of low-value services (e.g., unnecessary emergency department use) and high-value services (e.g., preventive care). We investigate how CDHP enrollees change use of pharmaceuticals for chronic diseases. We compare two large firms where nearly all employees were switched to CDHPs to firms with conventional health insurance plans. In the first firm's CDHP, pharmaceuticals were subject to the deductible, while in the second firm pharmaceuticals were exempt. Employees in the first firm shifted the timing of drug purchases to periods with lower cost sharing and were more likely to use lower-cost drugs, but the largest effect of the CDHP was to reduce utilization. Employees in the second firm also reduced utilization, but did not shift the timing or use of low cost drugs.
Book Synopsis The Performance and Potential of Consumer-driven Health Care by : United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee
Download or read book The Performance and Potential of Consumer-driven Health Care written by United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Effect of a Consumer Driven Health Plan on Medical Care Expenditures and Utilization by : Stephen L. Parente
Download or read book Evaluation of the Effect of a Consumer Driven Health Plan on Medical Care Expenditures and Utilization written by Stephen L. Parente and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Objective: To compare medical care costs and utilization in a consumer directed health plan (CDHP) to other health insurance plans. Study Design: We examine claims and employee demographic data from one large employer that adopted a CDHP in 2001. A quasi-experimental pre/post design is used to assign employees to three cohorts: 1) enrolled in an HMO from 2000 to 2002, 2) enrolled in a PPO from 2000 to 2002, or 3) enrolled in a CDHP in 2001 and 2002, after previously enrolling in either an HMO or PPO in 2000. Using this approach we estimate a difference-in-difference regression model for expenditure and utilization measures to identify the impact of CDHP. Principal Findings: By 2002, the CDHP cohort experienced lower total expenditures than the PPO cohort but higher expenditures than the HMO cohort. Physician visits and pharmaceutical use and costs were lower in the CDHP cohort compared to the other groups. Hospital costs and admission rates, for CDHP enrollees, as well as total physician expenditures, were significantly higher than for enrollees in the HMO and PPO plans. Conclusions: An early evaluation of CDHP expenditure and utilization reveals that the new health plan is a viable alternative to existing health plan designs. Enrollees in the CDHP have lower total expenditures than PPO enrollees, but higher utilization of resource-intensive hospital admissions after an initially favorable selection.
Book Synopsis What Do We Really Know About Consumer-Driven Health Plans? by : Paul Fronstin
Download or read book What Do We Really Know About Consumer-Driven Health Plans? written by Paul Fronstin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employers began offering consumer-driven health plans (CDHPs) in 2001 when a handful started offering health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs). They then started offering health savings account (HSA)-eligible plans after the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 included a provision to allow individuals with certain high-deductible health plans to contribute to an HSA. This paper summarizes what is known about CDHPs, which include both HRAs and HSAs. Surveys show that employers offering a CDHP increased from less than 5 percent in 2005 to between 12-15 percent by 2009. Growth in offer rates can be seen across all firm sizes. Recently, the percentage of small firms that offered a CDHP declined while larger firms continued to add a CDHP as an option. Overall, 19.1 million, or 11 percent of individuals with private insurance, were enrolled in a CDHP in 2009. More recent data suggest that by 2010, 10 million people were in an HSA-eligible plan. Generally, premiums for CDHPs were lower than premiums for non-CDHPs. A number of studies have tried to explain the differences in premiums. One found savings ranged from 15.5 percent to a low of -4.7 percent, with average savings of 4.8 percent. However, the study found that most of the savings was due to younger, healthier workers choosing CDHPs and concluded that once typical risk- and benefit-adjustment factors were taken into account, CDHPs saved only 1.5 percent. There is strong evidence that initially CDHP enrollees will be healthier than non-CDHP enrollees, but that over time the CDHP population has a significantly higher illness burden. The studies agree that use of preventive services did not change (upward or downward) as a result of the CDHP. The studies found that overall use of brand-name prescription drugs fell and, while there was some offset from increased use of generic drugs, some enrollees stopped their use of prescription drugs. CDHP enrollees increased their use of the mail-order pharmacy option. Overall use of prescription drugs among CDHP enrollees with certain chronic conditions fell, or did not increase when enrollees met their deductible. One study found that the financial incentives of the plan are not sufficient in driving behavior, and that educational outreach also matters. Despite the growing body of evidence on the effect of CDHPs on cost and quality, there are many unanswered questions about these plans. Most of the research to date has focused on HRA-based plans. Little systematic research has been conducted on HSA-eligible enrollees. The differences between these plans are significant enough to warrant separate analyses. Also, most of the research to date has ignored the impact of the account on the use of services and on spending. Individuals may use health care services differently depending on how much money is being contributed to the account, especially relative to the deductible, amounts rolled over, and portability of the account.
Book Synopsis Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Reimbursement Arrangements and Health Savings Accounts, 2006-2012 by : Paul Fronstin
Download or read book Employer and Worker Contributions to Health Reimbursement Arrangements and Health Savings Accounts, 2006-2012 written by Paul Fronstin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents findings from the 2008-2012 EBRI/MGA Consumer Engagement in Health Care Survey (CEHCS) and the 2006 and 2007 EBRI/Commonwealth Fund Consumerism in Health Care Surveys. It examines the availability of health reimbursement arrangements (HRAs) and health savings account (HSA)-eligible plans (consumer-driven health plans, or CDHPs), as well as employer and individual contribution behavior. According to the 2012 CEHCS, 11.6 million adults ages 21-64 (or 7 percent of the population) were enrolled in a plan with an HRA or HSA. An additional 7 million reported that they were covered by an HSA-eligible plan but had not opened such an account. Thus, overall, 18.6 million adults ages 21-64 with private insurance, representing 15.4 percent of that market, were either in a CDHP or an HSA-eligible plan but had not opened the account that would be used to fund covered expenses. When their children were counted, 25.2 million individuals with private insurance, representing 14.6 percent of the market, were either in a CDHP or an HSA-eligible plan. Seven out of 10 workers (69 percent) with an HRA or HSA reported that their employers contributed to the account in 2012. The percentage of workers with an HRA or HSA plan whose employers contributed to the account has been steadily increasing since 2009. Workers with employee-only coverage did not increase their own contributions in 2012, but those with family coverage did. The report found a correlation between health engagement and individual contributions to an HSA. Those defined as being engaged in their health reported that they did at least one of the following: checked whether their health plan would cover their care or medication; checked the price of a doctor's visit, medication, or other health care service before receiving care; checked the quality rating of a doctor or hospital before receiving care; talked to their doctor about prescription options, costs, other treatment options and costs; used an online cost tracking tool provided by their health plan to manage health expenses; developed a budget to manage health care expenses; asked for a generic drug instead of a brand name drug; or asked their doctor to recommend a less costly prescription drug. It was found that individuals with some engagement with the health care system contributed higher amounts to their HSA than those with no engagement. In 2012, 48 percent of those with no engagement with the health care system contributed $1,500 or more, whereas 55 percent of those with some engagement with the health care system contributed $1,500 or more. The PDF for the above title, published in the February 2013 issue of EBRI Notes, also contains the fulltext of another February 2013 EBRI Notes article abstracted on SSRN: “Debt of the Elderly and Near Elderly, 1992-2010.”
Book Synopsis The Effects of Consumer-directed Health Plans on Health Care Spending by : Anthony T. Lo Sasso
Download or read book The Effects of Consumer-directed Health Plans on Health Care Spending written by Anthony T. Lo Sasso and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use unique data from an insurer that exclusively offers high-deductible, "consumer-directed" health plans to identify the effect of plan features, notably the spending account, on health care spending. Our results show that the marginal dollar in the spending account is entirely spent on outpatient and pharmacy services. In contrast, inpatient and out-of-pocket spending were not responsive to the amount in the spending account. Our results represent the first plausibly causal estimates of the components of consumer-driven health plans on health spending. The magnitudes of the effects suggest important moral hazard consequences to higher spending account levels.
