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Constrained Multi Body Dynamics Method To Study Musculoskeletal Disorders Due To Human Vibration
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Book Synopsis Constrained Multi-body Dynamics Method to Study Musculoskeletal Disorders Due to Human Vibration by : Fang Li
Download or read book Constrained Multi-body Dynamics Method to Study Musculoskeletal Disorders Due to Human Vibration written by Fang Li and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents a constrained multi-body dynamics method to study musculoskeletal disorders due to human vibration. The method uses Kanes equations to develop governing equations of a multi-body human-body model subjected to constraints. Kanes equations are modified to accommodate the constraint forces. It is observed that the resulting generalized constraint force array is proportional to the transpose of the matrix of coefficients of the constraint equations. This theoretical method is used to obtain a computational simulation of a heavy equipment operator subjected to whole body vibration due to multiple shocks in a working environment. The objective of this study is to determine the mechanism of shock inducing low back pain and disorder. To this end we develop a quantitative relation between vibration excitation and human response. The simulation model consists of a 17-segment system of bodies representing the bodies of the human frame. The bodies are connected by springs and dampers simulating the human joints. The model is validated by comparing computed head transmissibility response with experimental recorded data. The dissertation discusses a multi-body sitting human body model subjected to lower amplitude and high amplitude acceleration exposures containing multiple shocks. The simulation results are compared to published data. The dissertation presents a vibration analysis procedure to conduct time domain and frequency domain human body dynamics. Finally, the dissertation presents a means of predicting health risk under different vibration environments.
Book Synopsis Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts by : Friedrich Pfeiffer
Download or read book Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts written by Friedrich Pfeiffer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As mechanical systems become more complex so do the mathematical models and simulations used to describe the interactions of their parts. One area of multibody theory that has received a great deal of attention in recent years is the dynamics of multiple contact situations occurring in continuous joints and couplings. Despite the rapid gains in our understanding of what occurs when continuous joints and couplings interact, until now there were no books devoted exclusively to this intriguing phenomenon. Focusing on the concerns of practicing engineers, Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts presents all theoretical and applied aspects of this subject relevant to a practical understanding of multiple unilateral contact situations in multibody mechanical systems. In Part 1, Professor Pfeiffer and Dr. Glocker provide an exhaustive review of the laws and principles governing the dynamics of unilateral contacts in multibody mechanical and technical systems. Among the topics covered are multibody and contact kinematics, the dynamics of rigid body systems, multiple contact configurations, detachment and stick-slip transitions, frictionless impacts, impacts with friction, and the Corner law of contact dynamics. In Part 2, the authors present numerous applications of the theories presented in Part 1. Each chapter in this part is devoted to a different law, theory, or model, such as discontinuous force laws, classical impact theory, Coulomb's friction law, and mechanical and mathematical models of impacts and friction. In addition, each chapter features several practical examples that allow engineers to observe the concepts described in action. Examples are drawn from a broad array of fields and range from hammering in gears as occurring in a synchronous generator to impacts and friction as observed in a child's woodpecker toy, from a demonstration of classical impact theory using an automobile gear box example, to Coulomb's friction law as applied to a turbine blade damper. Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts is an indispensable resource for mechanical engineers working on all types of multibody systems and the friction and vibration problems that can occur in them. It is also a valuable reference for researchers studying nonlinear dynamics. The only book devoted entirely to the theory and applications of onE of the most crucial aspects of multibody system design. This is the first book to focus exclusively on the theory and applications of multiple contact situations occurring in continuous joints and couplings in multibody systems. As such, it is a valuable resource for engineers working on mechanical systems with interrelated multiple parts. Multibody Dynamics with Unilateral Contacts * Provides a comprehensive examination of the laws and principles governing the dynamics of unilateral contacts in multibody mechanical and technical systems. * Presents the latest mathematical models and simulation techniques for describing the interactions of joints and couplings in multibody systems. * Describes practical applications for all the concepts covered. * Includes numerous examples drawn from a wide range of fascinating and enlightening real-world demonstrations, including everything from an airplane's landing gear to a child's toy.
Book Synopsis Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-05-24 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year workers' low-back, hand, and arm problems lead to time away from jobs and reduce the nation's economic productivity. The connection of these problems to workplace activities-from carrying boxes to lifting patients to pounding computer keyboards-is the subject of major disagreements among workers, employers, advocacy groups, and researchers. Musculoskeletal Disorders and the Workplace examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. A multidisciplinary panel draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. The panel also offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of current information and for closing information gaps. This book presents the latest information on the prevalence, incidence, and costs of musculoskeletal disorders and identifies factors that influence injury reporting. It reviews the broad scope of evidence: epidemiological studies of physical and psychosocial variables, basic biology, biomechanics, and physical and behavioral responses to stress. Given the magnitude of the problem-approximately 1 million people miss some work each year-and the current trends in workplace practices, this volume will be a must for advocates for workplace health, policy makers, employers, employees, medical professionals, engineers, lawyers, and labor officials.
Book Synopsis Dynamics of Multibody Systems by : Ahmed A. Shabana
Download or read book Dynamics of Multibody Systems written by Ahmed A. Shabana and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The primary purpose of this book is to develop methods for the dynamic analysis of multibody systems (MBS) that consist of interconnected rigid and deformable components. In that sense, the objective may be considered as a generalization of methods of structural and rigid body analysis. Many mechanical and structural systems such as vehicles, space structures, robotics, mechanisms, and aircraft consist of interconnected components that undergo large translational and rotational displacements. Figure 1.1 shows examples of such systems that can be modeled as multibody systems. In general, a multibody system is defined to be a collection of subsystems called bodies, components, or substructures. The motion of the subsystems is kinematically constrained because of different types of joints, and each subsystem or component may undergo large translations and rotational displacements"--
Book Synopsis Optimal Control and Multibody Dynamic Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal Systems by : Mohammad Sharif Shourijeh
Download or read book Optimal Control and Multibody Dynamic Modelling of Human Musculoskeletal Systems written by Mohammad Sharif Shourijeh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Musculoskeletal dynamics is a branch of biomechanics that takes advantage of interdisciplinary models to describe the relation between muscle actuators and the corresponding motions of the human body. Muscle forces play a principal role in musculoskeletal dynamics. Unfortunately, these forces cannot be measured non-invasively. Measuring surface EMGs as a non-invasive technique is recognized as a surrogate to invasive muscle force measurement; however, these signals do not reflect the muscle forces accurately. Instead of measurement, mathematical modelling of the musculoskeletal dynamics is a well established tool to simulate, predict and analyse human movements. Computer simulations have been used to estimate a variety of variables that are difficult or impossible to measure directly, such as joint reaction forces, muscle forces, metabolic energy consumption, and muscle recruitment patterns. Musculoskeletal dynamic simulations can be divided into two branches: inverse and forward dynamics. Inverse dynamics is the approach in which net joint moments and/or muscle forces are calculated given the measured or specified kinematics. It is the most popular simulation technique used to study human musculoskeletal dynamics. The major disadvantage of inverse dynamics is that it is not predictive and can rarely be used in the cause-effect interpretations. In contrast with inverse dynamics, forward dynamics can be used to determine the human body movement when it is driven by known muscle forces. The musculoskeletal system (MSS) is dynamically under-determinate, i.e., the number of muscles is more than the degrees of freedom (dof) of the system. This redundancy will lead to infinite solutions of muscle force sets, which implies that there are infinite ways of recruiting different muscles for a specific motion. Therefore, there needs to be an extra criterion in order to resolve this issue. Optimization has been widely used for solving the redundancy of the force-sharing problem. Optimization is considered as the missing consideration in the dynamics of the MSS such that, once appended to the under-determinate problem, \human-like" movements will be acquired. \Human-like" implies that the human body tends to minimize a criterion during a movement, e.g., muscle fatigue or metabolic energy. It is commonly accepted that using those criteria, within the optimization necessary in the forward dynamic simulations, leads to a reasonable representation of real human motions. In this thesis, optimal control and forward dynamic simulation of human musculoskeletal systems are targeted. Forward dynamics requires integration of the differential equations of motion of the system, which takes a considerable time, especially within an optimization framework. Therefore, computationally efficient models are required. Musculoskeletal models in this thesis are implemented in the symbolic multibody package MapleSim that uses Maple as the leverage. MapleSim generates the equations of motion governing a multibody system automatically using linear graph theory. These equations will be simplified and highly optimized for further simulations taking advantage of symbolic techniques in Maple. The output codes are the best form for the equations to be applied in optimization-based simulation fields, such as the research area of this thesis. The specific objectives of this thesis were to develop frameworks for such predictive simulations and validate the estimations. Simulating human gait motion is set as the end goal of this research. To successfully achieve that, several intermediate steps are taken prior to gait modelling. One big step was to choose an efficient strategy to solve the optimal control and muscle redundancy problems. The optimal control techniques are benchmarked on simpler models, such as forearm flexion/extension, to study the efficacy of the proposed approaches more easily. Another major step to modelling gait is to create a high-fidelity foot-ground contact model. The foot contact model in this thesis is based on a nonlinear volumetric approach, which is able to generate the experimental ground reaction forces more effectively than the previously used models. Although the proposed models and approaches showed strong potential and capability, there is still room for improvement in both modelling and validation aspects. These cutting-edge future works can be followed by any researcher working in the optimal control and forward dynamic modelling of human musculoskeletal systems.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Multibody Dynamics by : Farid Amirouche
Download or read book Fundamentals of Multibody Dynamics written by Farid Amirouche and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-24 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook – a result of the author’s many years of research and teaching – brings together diverse concepts of the versatile tool of multibody dynamics, combining the efforts of many researchers in the field of mechanics.
Book Synopsis Computational Methods in Multibody Dynamics by : Farid M. L. Amirouche
Download or read book Computational Methods in Multibody Dynamics written by Farid M. L. Amirouche and published by . This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling of Musculoskeletal Motion by : Gary T. Yamaguchi
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling of Musculoskeletal Motion written by Gary T. Yamaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-07-31 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Modeling of Musculoskeletal Motion introduces biomechanists to modern methods of modeling and analyzing dynamic biomechanical systems in three dimensions. Using vector kinematics, the reader is taught a systematic method which significantly reduces the complexity of working with multiple, moving limb segments in three dimensions. Operations which usually require the application of differential calculus are replaced by simple algebraic formulae. To derive dynamical equations of motion, a practical introduction to Kane's Method is given. Kane's Method builds upon the foundation of vector kinematics and represents one of the most exciting theoretical developments of the modern era. Together, these techniques enable biomechanists to decipher and model living systems with great realism, efficiency and accuracy. Interwoven with the theoretical presentation are chapters and examples which highlight the subtle differences between inanimate linkages and the biomechanical systems we seek to understand.
Book Synopsis An inverse dynamics ADAMS method for constrained multibody systems by : Hans Georg Bock
Download or read book An inverse dynamics ADAMS method for constrained multibody systems written by Hans Georg Bock and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Computer Aided Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems: Basic methods by : Edward J. Haug
Download or read book Computer Aided Kinematics and Dynamics of Mechanical Systems: Basic methods written by Edward J. Haug and published by Allyn & Bacon. This book was released on 1989 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Steering Committee for the Workshop on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: The Research Base Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030953920X Total Pages :240 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (95 download)
Book Synopsis Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders by : Steering Committee for the Workshop on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: The Research Base
Download or read book Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders written by Steering Committee for the Workshop on Work-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries: The Research Base and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estimated costs associated with lost days and compensation claims related to musculoskeletal disorders-including back pains and repetitive motion injuries-range from $13 billion to $20 billion annually. This is a serious national problem that has spurred considerable debate about the causal links between such disorders and risk factors in the workplace. This book presents a preliminary assessment of what is known about the relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and what may cause them. It includes papers and a workshop summary of findings from orthopedic surgery, public health, occupational medicine, epidemiology, risk analysis, ergonomics, and human factors. Topics covered include the biological responses of tissues to stress, the biomechanics of work stressors, the epidemiology of physical work factors, and the contributions of individual, recreational, and social factors to such disorders. The book also considers the relative success of various workplace interventions for prevention and rehabilitation.
Book Synopsis Biomechanics of Movement by : Thomas K. Uchida
Download or read book Biomechanics of Movement written by Thomas K. Uchida and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging introduction to human and animal movement seen through the lens of mechanics. How do Olympic sprinters run so fast? Why do astronauts adopt a bounding gait on the moon? How do running shoes improve performance while preventing injuries? This engaging and generously illustrated book answers these questions by examining human and animal movement through the lens of mechanics. The authors present simple conceptual models to study walking and running and apply mechanical principles to a range of interesting examples. They explore the biology of how movement is produced, examining the structure of a muscle down to its microscopic force-generating motors. Drawing on their deep expertise, the authors describe how to create simulations that provide insight into muscle coordination during walking and running, suggest treatments to improve function following injury, and help design devices that enhance human performance.
Book Synopsis Human Body Dynamics by : Aydin Tözeren
Download or read book Human Body Dynamics written by Aydin Tözeren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-18 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quantitative approach to studying human biomechanics, presenting principles of classical mechanics using case studies involving human movement. Vector algebra and vector differentiation are used to describe the motion of objects and 3D motion mechanics are treated in depth. Diagrams and software-created sequences are used to illustrate human movement.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 1282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Book Synopsis Simulating Humans by : Norman I. Badler
Download or read book Simulating Humans written by Norman I. Badler and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993-09-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The area of simulated human figures is an active research area in computer graphics, and Norman Badler's group at the University of Pennsylvania is one of the leaders in the field. This book summarizes the state of the art in simulating human figures, discusses many of the interesting application areas, and makes some assumptions and predictions about where the field is going.
Book Synopsis Tribology and Dynamics of Engine and Powertrain by : Homer Rahnejat
Download or read book Tribology and Dynamics of Engine and Powertrain written by Homer Rahnejat and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 1059 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tribology, the science of friction, wear and lubrication, is one of the cornerstones of engineering’s quest for efficiency and conservation of resources. Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain: fundamentals, applications and future trends provides an authoritative and comprehensive overview of the disciplines of dynamics and tribology using a multi-physics and multi-scale approach to improve automotive engine and powertrain technology.Part one reviews the fundamental aspects of the physics of motion, particularly the multi-body approach to multi-physics, multi-scale problem solving in tribology. Fundamental issues in tribology are then described in detail,from surface phenomena in thin-film tribology, to impact dynamics, fluid film and elastohydrodynamic lubrication means of measurement and evaluation. These chapters provide an understanding of the theoretical foundation for Part II which includes many aspects of the physics of motion at a multitude of interaction scales from large displacement dynamics to noise and vibration tribology, all of which affect engines and powertrains. Many chapters are contributed by well-established practitioners disseminating their valuable knowledge and expertise on specific engine and powertrain sub-systems. These include overviews of engine and powertrain issues, engine bearings, piston systems, valve trains, transmission and many aspects of drivetrain systems. The final part of the book considers the emerging areas of microengines and gears as well as nano-scale surface engineering.With its distinguished editor and international team of academic and industry contributors, Tribology and dynamics of engine and powertrain is a standard work for automotive engineers and all those researching NVH and tribological issues in engineering. Reviews fundamental aspects of physics in motion, specifically the multi-body approach to multi physics Describes essential issues in tribology from surface phenomena in thin film tribology to impact dynamics Examines specific engine and powertrain sub-systems including engine bearings, piston systems and value trains
Book Synopsis Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders by : Zinta Podniece
Download or read book Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders written by Zinta Podniece and published by European Communities. This book was released on 2008 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are the most common work-related problem in Europe - 25% of the EU-27 workers report suffering from backache and 23% complain about muscular pains. First, there are preventive steps that have to be taken. But for workers who already have MSDs, the challenge is to maintain their employability, keep them working and, if necessary, reintegrate them into the workplace. The aim of this report is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions at the workplace and to provide practical examples with respect to successful prevention of MSDs. It focuses mainly on the developments that have taken place since the previous European MSDs Campaign in 2000.
