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Author : D. R. Rosenberger
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Considerations in Conducting Bioassays written by D. R. Rosenberger and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Considerations in Conducting Bioassays written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many types of tests can be considered as forms of bioassay. The broad range of substrate types, chemical composition, geographical locations, and equipment used in dredging adds to the complexity of formulating a single bioassay procedure applicable to all dredging programs. A discussion of the bioassay principles and techniques in the literature are presented to provide a background for an understanding of aquatic bioassay testing. Aquatic bioassays, which were developed from pharmacological drug testing techniques, often encounter complex toxicity problems. Two or more toxic compounds may be acting together or the toxicant concentration may fluctuate. The techniques used in aquatic testing may vary depending on the type of toxicant tested and the environmental parameters, such as temperature or dissolved oxygen, that need be controlled. Toxicant dosing equipment varies with the type of test species, source of water, and type of toxicant in question. Static bioassays are generally performed in glass jars or commercial aquarium tanks. Continuous-flow equipment consists of a reservoir of toxicant water which is metered into the test vessel. Extensive elaboration of the equipment has led to multiple toxicant delivery systems capable of providing a range of concentrations. The two most widely used delivery systems are the serial diluter and proportional diluter.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Considerations in Conducting Bioassays written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many types of tests can be considered as forms of bioassay. The broad range of substrate types, chemical composition, geographical locations, and equipment used in dredging adds to the complexity of formulating a single bioassay procedure applicable to all dredging programs. A discussion of the bioassay principles and techniques in the literature are presented to provide a background for an understanding of aquatic bioassay testing. Aquatic bioassays, which were developed from pharmacological drug testing techniques, often encounter complex toxicity problems. Two or more toxic compounds may be acting together or the toxicant concentration may fluctuate. The techniques used in aquatic testing may vary depending on the type of toxicant tested and the environmental parameters, such as temperature or dissolved oxygen, that need be controlled. Toxicant dosing equipment varies with the type of test species, source of water, and type of toxicant in question. Static bioassays are generally performed in glass jars or commercial aquarium tanks. Continuous-flow equipment consists of a reservoir of toxicant water which is metered into the test vessel. Extensive elaboration of the equipment has led to multiple toxicant delivery systems capable of providing a range of concentrations. The two most widely used delivery systems are the serial diluter and proportional diluter.
Author : Jacqueline L. Robertson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315356279
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)
Download or read book Bioassays with Arthropods written by Jacqueline L. Robertson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine a statistics book for bioassays written by a statistician. Next, imagine a statistics book for bioassays written for a layman. Bioassays with Arthropods, Third Edition offers the best of both worlds by translating the terse, precise language of the statistician into language used by the laboratory scientist. The book explains the statistical basis and analysis for each kind of quantal response bioassay in just the right amount of detail. The first two editions were a great reference for designing, conducting, and interpreting bioassays: this completely revised and updated third edition will also train the laboratory scientist to be an expert in estimation of dose response curves. New in the Third Edition: Introduces four new Windows and Apple-based computer programs (PoloJR, OptiDose, PoloMixture and PoloMulti) for the analyses of binary and multiple response analyses, respectively Replaces out-of-date GLIM examples with R program samples Includes a new chapter, Population Toxicology, and takes a systems approach to bioassays Expands the coverage of invasive species and quarantine statistics Building on the foundation set by the much-cited first two editions, the authors clearly delineate applications and ideas that are exceptionally challenging for those not already familiar with their use. They lead you through the methods with such ease and organization, that you suddenly find yourself readily able to apply concepts that you never thought you would understand. To order the PoloSuite computer software described in Bioassays with Arthropods, Third Edition, use the order form found at www.leora-software.com or contact the LeOra Software Company at [email protected].
Author : Donat Hader
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128118903
Total Pages : 475 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)
Download or read book Bioassays written by Donat Hader and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-19 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioassays: Advanced Methods and Applications provides a thorough understanding of the applications of bioassays in monitoring toxicity in aquatic ecosystems. It reviews the newest tests and applications in discovering compounds and toxins in the environment, covering all suitable organisms, from bacteria, to microorganisms, to higher plants, including invertebrates and vertebrates. By learning about newer tests, water pollution control testing can be less time and labor consuming, and less expensive. This book will be helpful for anyone working in aquatic environments or those who need an introduction to ecotoxicology or bioassays, from investigators, to technicians and students. Features chapters written by internationally renowned researchers in the field, all actively involved in the development and application of bioassays Gives the reader an understanding of the advantages and deficiencies of available tests Addresses the problem of understanding the impact of toxins in an aquatic environment and how to assess them
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133386
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-09 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309157064
Total Pages : 124 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Conducting Biosocial Surveys written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-02 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen a growing tendency for social scientists to collect biological specimens such as blood, urine, and saliva as part of large-scale household surveys. By combining biological and social data, scientists are opening up new fields of inquiry and are able for the first time to address many new questions and connections. But including biospecimens in social surveys also adds a great deal of complexity and cost to the investigator's task. Along with the usual concerns about informed consent, privacy issues, and the best ways to collect, store, and share data, researchers now face a variety of issues that are much less familiar or that appear in a new light. In particular, collecting and storing human biological materials for use in social science research raises additional legal, ethical, and social issues, as well as practical issues related to the storage, retrieval, and sharing of data. For example, acquiring biological data and linking them to social science databases requires a more complex informed consent process, the development of a biorepository, the establishment of data sharing policies, and the creation of a process for deciding how the data are going to be shared and used for secondary analysis-all of which add cost to a survey and require additional time and attention from the investigators. These issues also are likely to be unfamiliar to social scientists who have not worked with biological specimens in the past. Adding to the attraction of collecting biospecimens but also to the complexity of sharing and protecting the data is the fact that this is an era of incredibly rapid gains in our understanding of complex biological and physiological phenomena. Thus the tradeoffs between the risks and opportunities of expanding access to research data are constantly changing. Conducting Biosocial Surveys offers findings and recommendations concerning the best approaches to the collection, storage, use, and sharing of biospecimens gathered in social science surveys and the digital representations of biological data derived therefrom. It is aimed at researchers interested in carrying out such surveys, their institutions, and their funding agencies.
Author : Jacqueline L. Robertson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Pesticide Bioassays W/ Arthropods written by Jacqueline L. Robertson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pesticide Bioassays with Arthropods is written specifically to explain the statistical bases and analyses of quantal-response bioassays in entertaining yet succinct terms that scientists can understand.
Author : Atta-ur-Rahman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1135287228
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)
Download or read book Bioassay Techniques for Drug Development written by Atta-ur-Rahman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-04 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of an activity-directed isolation process is to isolate bioactive compounds which may provide structural leads of therapeutic importance. Whereas the traditional process of drug development is long and expensive, simple and rapid bioassays can serve as the starting point for drug discovery. This book presents a range of "bench top" bioassa
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030914535X
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-12 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effort to understand and combat infectious diseases has, during the centuries, produced many key advances in science and medicine-including the development of vaccines, drugs, and other treatments. A subset of this research is conducted with agents that, like anthrax, not only pose a severe threat to the health of humans, plants, and animals but can also be used for ill-intended purposes. Such agents have been listed by the government as biological select agents and toxins. The 2001 anthrax letter attacks prompted the creation of new regulations aimed at increasing security for research with dangerous pathogens. The outcome of the anthrax letter investigation has raised concern about whether these measures are adequate. Responsible Research with Biological Select Agents and Toxins evaluates both the physical security of select agent laboratories and personnel reliability measures designed to ensure the trustworthiness of those with access to biological select agents and toxins. The book offers a set of guiding principles and recommended changes to minimize security risk and facilitate the productivity of research. The book recommends fostering a culture of trust and responsibility in the laboratory, engaging the community in oversight of the Select Agent Program, and enhancing the operation of the Select Agent Program.
Author : Christian Ritz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351981048
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Dose-Response Analysis Using R written by Christian Ritz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-19 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays the term dose-response is used in many different contexts and many different scientific disciplines including agriculture, biochemistry, chemistry, environmental sciences, genetics, pharmacology, plant sciences, toxicology, and zoology. In the 1940 and 1950s, dose-response analysis was intimately linked to evaluation of toxicity in terms of binary responses, such as immobility and mortality, with a limited number of doses of a toxic compound being compared to a control group (dose 0). Later, dose-response analysis has been extended to other types of data and to more complex experimental designs. Moreover, estimation of model parameters has undergone a dramatic change, from struggling with cumbersome manual operations and transformations with pen and paper to rapid calculations on any laptop. Advances in statistical software have fueled this development. Key Features: Provides a practical and comprehensive overview of dose-response analysis. Includes numerous real data examples to illustrate the methodology. R code is integrated into the text to give guidance on applying the methods. Written with minimal mathematics to be suitable for practitioners. Includes code and datasets on the book’s GitHub: https://github.com/DoseResponse. This book focuses on estimation and interpretation of entirely parametric nonlinear dose-response models using the powerful statistical environment R. Specifically, this book introduces dose-response analysis of continuous, binomial, count, multinomial, and event-time dose-response data. The statistical models used are partly special cases, partly extensions of nonlinear regression models, generalized linear and nonlinear regression models, and nonlinear mixed-effects models (for hierarchical dose-response data). Both simple and complex dose-response experiments will be analyzed.
Author : Peter G. Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198732864
Total Pages : 479 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)
Download or read book Field Trials of Health Interventions written by Peter G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Author : American Nurses Association
Publisher : Nursesbooks.org
ISBN 13 : 1558101764
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (581 download)
Download or read book Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements written by American Nurses Association and published by Nursesbooks.org. This book was released on 2001 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pamphlet is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of individuals who enter the nursing profession, the profession's nonnegotiable ethical standard, and an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society. Provides a framework for nurses to use in ethical analysis and decision-making.
Author : Seng-Lai Tan
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781071601730
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (17 download)
Download or read book Immuno-Oncology written by Seng-Lai Tan and published by Humana. This book was released on 2021-01-21 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a guide for identifying and applying commonly used cell-based translational assays as well as for assessing the therapeutic potential of new immuno-oncology therapeutics and advancing their mechanism of action. The detailed chapters within will provide readers with a baseline understanding of the pros and cons as well as key considerations for applying assays that are more reflective of the human immune-tumor microenvironment in order to increase their translatability into the clinic. Written for the Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology series, the contents of this volume include the kind of specifics and real-world implementation advice to ensure success in the lab. Authoritative and practical, Immuno-Oncology: Cellular and Translational Approaches aims to aid researchers working on biotechnology and pharmaceutical efforts to search for the next generation of safer and more effective cancer immunotherapeutics.
Author : Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.)
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 1587634236
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (876 download)
Download or read book Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide written by Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov)
Author : Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309039754
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Biosafety in the Laboratory written by Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosafety in the Laboratory is a concise set of practical guidelines for handling and disposing of biohazardous material. The consensus of top experts in laboratory safety, this volume provides the information needed for immediate improvement of safety practices. It discusses high- and low-risk biological agents (including the highest-risk materials handled in labs today), presents the "seven basic rules of biosafety," addresses special issues such as the shipping of dangerous materials, covers waste disposal in detail, offers a checklist for administering laboratory safetyâ€"and more.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309171148
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Small Clinical Trials written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. Perhaps the most essential feature of a clinical trial is that it aims to use results based on a limited sample of research participants to see if the intervention is safe and effective or if it is comparable to a comparison treatment. Sample size is a crucial component of any clinical trial. A trial with a small number of research participants is more prone to variability and carries a considerable risk of failing to demonstrate the effectiveness of a given intervention when one really is present. This may occur in phase I (safety and pharmacologic profiles), II (pilot efficacy evaluation), and III (extensive assessment of safety and efficacy) trials. Although phase I and II studies may have smaller sample sizes, they usually have adequate statistical power, which is the committee's definition of a "large" trial. Sometimes a trial with eight participants may have adequate statistical power, statistical power being the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the hypothesis is false. Small Clinical Trials assesses the current methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes. This report assesses the published literature on various strategies such as (1) meta-analysis to combine disparate information from several studies including Bayesian techniques as in the confidence profile method and (2) other alternatives such as assessing therapeutic results in a single treated population (e.g., astronauts) by sequentially measuring whether the intervention is falling above or below a preestablished probability outcome range and meeting predesigned specifications as opposed to incremental improvement.
