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Consciousness Without The Infinite Regress
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Book Synopsis Consciousness without the Infinite Regress by : Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
Download or read book Consciousness without the Infinite Regress written by Guenter Albrecht-Buehler and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-31 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike other social animals, humans have evolved far too much analytical intelligence to let us naturally agree with each other’s actions. Nevertheless, in the short span of a few million years, we have become the most effectively cooperative species on the planet, and this book argues that this is owing to our consciousness. So far, consciousness has stubbornly defeated our attempts to explain it as a product of non-mental elements. The ultimate reason for this failure is that we are conscious of being conscious. As a result, all non-mental based explanations lead to endless chains of infinite regress. Therefore, this book proposes to drop the requirement of non-mental elements as explanations of consciousness for the time being, and instead base our explanations on elements that are already ‘borderline-conscious’. Be they prime (single) or compound, all qualia form with lightning speed in our mind, and are always experienced as singular, unique, and personal. They play for our mind the same role that ‘hashes’ (short, standardized, unambiguous, and unique tokens of immensely large and complex ‘originals’) play for our modern information technology. Therefore, using concepts derived from Arthur Schopenhauer, Bertrand Russell, Glaucoma, Hash functions (SHA-2), and the logical connective ‘XOR’ (exclusive OR), this book defines consciousness as a super-compound quale, which combines all compound qualia that are present at every moment in everyone’s mind.
Download or read book Brentano's Mind written by Markus Textor and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mark Textor presents a critical study of the work of Franz Brentano, one of the most important thinkers of the nineteenth century. His work has influenced analytic philosophers like Russell as well as phenomenologists like Husserl and Sartre, and continues to shape debates in the philosophy of mind. Brentano made intentionality a central topic in the philosophy of mind by proposing that 'directedness' is the distinctive feature of the mental. The first part of the book investigates Brentano's intentionalism as well as attempts to improve or develop it. Textor argues that there is no plausible version of this doctrine, and rejects it in favour of a mark of the mental proposed by Brentano's student Husserl: mental phenomena have no appearances. The second part of the book develops and defends Brentano's view about the structure of perceptual awareness. Awareness of a mental activity and this mental activity are not distinct mental acts, the first representing the second. They are one and the same activity that has several objects. Textor shows that Brentano held that intentionality is plural - directedness is directedness on some objects - and shows how the plural conception solves thorny problems. The third part of the book is devoted to Brentano's view of pleasure and pain. Textor draws out parallels between enjoying an activity and awareness of it and argues that enjoying an activity and the activity enjoyed are not distinct. The final part of the book extends the plural view to the conscious mental life of a thinker at a time (the unity of synchronic consciousness): it is one mental act with many objects.
Book Synopsis Pre-reflective Consciousness by : Sofia Miguens
Download or read book Pre-reflective Consciousness written by Sofia Miguens and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-10-16 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pre-reflective Consciousness: Sartre and Contemporary Philosophy of Mind delves into the relationship between the current analytical debates on consciousness and the debates that took place within continental philosophy in the twentieth century and in particular around the time of Sartre and within his seminal works. Examining the return of the problem of subjectivity in philosophy of mind and the idea that phenomenal consciousness could not be reduced to functional or cognitive properties, this volume includes twenty-two unique contributions from leading scholars in the field. Asking questions such as: Why we should think that self-consciousness is non-reflective? Is subjectivity first-personal? Does consciousness necessitate self-awareness? Do we need pre-reflective self-consciousness? Are ego-disorders in psychosis a dysfunction of pre-reflective self-awareness? How does the Cartesian duality between body and mind fit into Sartre’s conceptions of consciousness?
Book Synopsis Consciousness in Interaction by : Fabio Paglieri
Download or read book Consciousness in Interaction written by Fabio Paglieri and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consciousness in Interaction is an interdisciplinary collection with contributions from philosophers, psychologists, cognitive scientists, and historians of philosophy. It revolves around the idea that consciousness emerges from, and impacts on, our skilled interactions with the natural and social context. Section one discusses how phenomenal consciousness and subjective selfhood are grounded on natural and social interactions, and what role brain activity plays in these phenomena. Section two analyzes how interactions with external objects and other human beings shape our understanding of ourselves, and how consciousness changes social interaction, self-control and emotions. Section three provides historical depth to the volume, by tracing the roots of the contemporary notion of consciousness in early modern philosophy. The book offers interdisciplinary insight on a variety of key topics in consciousness research: as such, it is of particular interest for researchers from philosophy of mind, phenomenology, cognitive and social sciences, and humanities.
Book Synopsis The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness by : Susan Schneider
Download or read book The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness written by Susan Schneider and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updated and revised, the highly-anticipated second edition of The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness offers a collection of readings that together represent the most thorough and comprehensive survey of the nature of consciousness available today. Features updates to scientific chapters reflecting the latest research in the field Includes 18 new theoretical, empirical, and methodological chapters covering integrated information theory, renewed interest in panpsychism, and more Covers a wide array of topics that include the origins and extent of consciousness, various consciousness experiences such as meditation and drug-induced states, and the neuroscience of consciousness Presents 54 peer-reviewed chapters written by leading experts in the study of consciousness, from across a variety of academic disciplines
Book Synopsis The Reflexive Nature of Consciousness by : Greg Janzen
Download or read book The Reflexive Nature of Consciousness written by Greg Janzen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-03-27 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining phenomenological insights from Brentano and Sartre, but also drawing on recent work on consciousness by analytic philosophers, this book defends the view that conscious states are reflexive, and necessarily so, i.e., that they have a built-in, “implicit” awareness of their own occurrence, such that the subject of a conscious state has an immediate, non-objectual acquaintance with it. As part of this investigation, the book also explores the relationship between reflexivity and the phenomenal, or “what-it-is-like,” dimension of conscious experience, defending the innovative thesis that phenomenal character is constituted by the implicit self-awareness built into every conscious state. This account stands in marked contrast to most influential extant theories of phenomenal character, including qualia theories, according to which phenomenal character is a matter of having phenomenal sensations, and representationalism, according to which phenomenal character is constituted by representational content. (Series A)
Download or read book Phenomenology written by Michael Lewis and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces the history and methods of Phenomenology through the study of four key thinkers: Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre and Merleau-Ponty.
Book Synopsis Dream, Death, and the Self by : J. J. Valberg
Download or read book Dream, Death, and the Self written by J. J. Valberg and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Might this be a dream?" In this book, distinguished philosopher J. J. Valberg approaches the familiar question about dream and reality by seeking to identify its subject matter: what is it that would be the dream if "this" were a dream? It turns out to be a subject matter that contains the whole of the world, space, and time but which, like consciousness for Sartre, is nothing "in itself." This subject matter, the "personal horizon," lies at the heart of the main topics--the first person, the self, and the self in time--explored at length in the book. The personal horizon is, Valberg contends, the subject matter whose center each of us occupies, and which for each of us ceases with death. This ceasing to be presents itself solipsistically not just as the end of everything "for me" but as the end of everything absolutely. Yet since it is the same for everyone, this cannot be. Death thus confronts us with an impossible fact: something that cannot be but will be. The puzzle about death is one of several extraphilosophical puzzles about the self that Valberg discusses, puzzles that can trouble everyday consciousness without any contribution from philosophy. Nor can philosophy resolve the puzzles. Its task is to get to the bottom of them, and in this respect to understand ourselves--a task philosophy has always set itself.
Book Synopsis Freud and Philosophy of Mind, Volume 1 by : Jerome C. Wakefield
Download or read book Freud and Philosophy of Mind, Volume 1 written by Jerome C. Wakefield and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-20 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book consists of a focused and systematic analysis of Freud’s implicit argument for unconscious mental states. The author employs the unique approach of applying contemporary philosophical methods, especially Kripke-Putnam essentialism, in analyzing Freud’s argument. The book elaborates how Freud transformed the intentionality theory of his Cartesian teacher Franz Brentano into what is essentially a sophisticated modern view of the mind. Indeed, Freud redirected Brentano's analysis of consciousness as intentionality into a view of consciousness-independent intentionalism about the mental that in effect set the agenda for latter-twentieth-century philosophy of mind.
Book Synopsis The Early Modern Subject by : Udo Thiel
Download or read book The Early Modern Subject written by Udo Thiel and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2011-09-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Udo Thiel presents a critical evaluation of the understanding of self-consciousness and personal identity in early modern philosophy. He explores over a century of European philosophical debate from Descartes to Hume, and argues that our interest in human subjectivity remains strongly influenced by the conceptual framework of early modern thought.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School by : Uriah Kriegel
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School written by Uriah Kriegel and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both through his own work and that of his students, Franz Clemens Brentano (1838–1917) had an often underappreciated influence on the course of twentieth- and twenty-first-century philosophy. The Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School offers full coverage of Brentano’s philosophy and his influence. It contains 38 brand-new essays from an international team of experts that offer a comprehensive view of Brentano’s central research areas—philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and value theory—as well as of the principal figures shaped by Brentano’s school of thought. A general introduction serves as an overview of Brentano and the contents of the volume, and three separate bibliographies point students and researchers on to further avenues of inquiry. Systematic and detailed, The Routledge Handbook of Franz Brentano and the Brentano School provides readers with a valuable reference to Brentano’s work and to his lasting importance in the history of philosophy and in contemporary debates.
Book Synopsis Phenomenal Consciousness by : Dimitris Platchias
Download or read book Phenomenal Consciousness written by Dimitris Platchias and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the fine-grained phenomenology of conscious experience arise from neural processes in the brain? How does a set of action potentials (nerve impulses) become like the feeling of pain in one's experience? Contemporary neuroscience is teaching us that our mental states correlate with neural processes in the brain. However, although we know that experience arises from a physical basis, we don't have a good explanation of why and how it so arises. The problem of how physical processes give rise to experience is called the 'hard problem' of consciousness and it is the contemporary manifestation of the mind-body problem. This book explains the key concepts that surround the issue as well as the nature of the hard problem and the several approaches to it. It gives a comprehensive treatment of the phenomenon incorporating its main metaphysical and epistemic aspects, as well as recent empirical findings, such as the phenomenon of blindsight, change blindness, visual-form agnosia and optic ataraxia, mirror recognition in other primates, split-brain cases and synaesthesia.
Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre by : Jean-Paul Sartre
Download or read book The Philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre written by Jean-Paul Sartre and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2003-05-27 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique selection presents the essential elements of Sartre's lifework -- organized systematically and made available in one volume for the first time in any language.
Book Synopsis The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man by : Carl von Clausewitz
Download or read book The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man written by Carl von Clausewitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does a proper respect for science require psychologists to view man as an impotent reactor whose responses are completely determined by his physical constitution and the forces impinging upon him? In this wise and well-argued book, Isidor Chein invites his readers to lift their eyes from experimental research for a time to consider the relationship between science and the image of man.Few psychologists, even the most gifted and dedicated among them, pause to consider the philosophical underpinnings of their work. It is almost as though the humanist secretly lurking in each of them is fearful of the bad news he might finally be forced to accept--that man is essentially an exquisitely complicated robot. This fear is misplaced and harmful. It is largely responsible for the disturbing fact that scientific psychology has produced, in Chein's estimate, so little that is relevant to the humanities, so little, as he puts it, "that has lived up to psychology's promise to itself."What must be more widely understood is that it does not follow that behavioral law is reducible to physiological law, or that physiological law is reducible to physical law. With an uncompromising commitment to scientific method, Chein shows that, when closely analyzed, there is actually no need to assume an unbridgeable gap between scientific psychology and psychoanalytic, humanistic psychology. This is a lucid and powerful theoretical work of importance for scholars in all fields sharing the belief that the proper study of mankind is man."The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man is written by the most intellectually stimulating and respected representative of scientific humanistic psychology."--Robert B. Holt, Professor of Psychology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New York University
Book Synopsis Subjectivity and Selfhood by : Dan Zahavi
Download or read book Subjectivity and Selfhood written by Dan Zahavi and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008-08-29 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is a self? Does it exist in reality or is it a mere social construct—or is it perhaps a neurologically induced illusion? The legitimacy of the concept of the self has been questioned by both neuroscientists and philosophers in recent years. Countering this, in Subjectivity and Selfhood, Dan Zahavi argues that the notion of self is crucial for a proper understanding of consciousness. He investigates the interrelationships of experience, self-awareness, and selfhood, proposing that none of these three notions can be understood in isolation. Any investigation of the self, Zahavi argues, must take the first-person perspective seriously and focus on the experiential givenness of the self. Subjectivity and Selfhood explores a number of phenomenological analyses pertaining to the nature of consciousness, self, and self-experience in light of contemporary discussions in consciousness research. Philosophical phenomenology—as developed by Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Merleau-Ponty, and others—not only addresses crucial issues often absent from current debates over consciousness but also provides a conceptual framework for understanding subjectivity. Zahavi fills the need—given the recent upsurge in theoretical and empirical interest in subjectivity—for an account of the subjective or phenomenal dimension of consciousness that is accessible to researchers and students from a variety of disciplines. His aim is to use phenomenological analyses to clarify issues of central importance to philosophy of mind, cognitive science, developmental psychology, and psychiatry. By engaging in a dialogue with other philosophical and empirical positions, says Zahavi, phenomenology can demonstrate its vitality and contemporary relevance.
Book Synopsis The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man by : Carl von Clausewitz
Download or read book The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man written by Carl von Clausewitz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does a proper respect for science require psychologists to view man as an impotent reactor whose responses are completely determined by his physical constitution and the forces impinging upon him? In this wise and well-argued book, Isidor Chein invites his readers to lift their eyes from experimental research for a time to consider the relationship between science and the image of man.Few psychologists, even the most gifted and dedicated among them, pause to consider the philosophical underpinnings of their work. It is almost as though the humanist secretly lurking in each of them is fearful of the bad news he might finally be forced to accept--that man is essentially an exquisitely complicated robot. This fear is misplaced and harmful. It is largely responsible for the disturbing fact that scientific psychology has produced, in Chein's estimate, so little that is relevant to the humanities, so little, as he puts it, "that has lived up to psychology's promise to itself."What must be more widely understood is that it does not follow that behavioral law is reducible to physiological law, or that physiological law is reducible to physical law. With an uncompromising commitment to scientific method, Chein shows that, when closely analyzed, there is actually no need to assume an unbridgeable gap between scientific psychology and psychoanalytic, humanistic psychology. This is a lucid and powerful theoretical work of importance for scholars in all fields sharing the belief that the proper study of mankind is man."The Science of Behavior and the Image of Man is written by the most intellectually stimulating and respected representative of scientific humanistic psychology."--Robert B. Holt, Professor of Psychology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, New York University
Book Synopsis The Subject in Question by : Stephen Priest
Download or read book The Subject in Question written by Stephen Priest and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Subject in Question provides a fascinating insight into a debate between two of the twentieth century's most famous philosophers - Jean-Paul Sartre and Edmund Husserl - over the key notions of conscious experience and the self. Sartre's The Transcendence of the Ego, published in 1937, is a major text in the phenomenological tradition and sets the course for much of his later work. The Subject in Question is the first full-length study of this famous work and its influence on twentieth-century philosophy. It also investigates the relationship between Sartre's ideas and the earlier work of Descartes and Kant.
