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Conductive Cooling System To Mitigate Heat Stress In Dairy Cattle
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Book Synopsis Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle by : Kristen Michelle Perano
Download or read book Conductive Cooling System to Mitigate Heat Stress in Dairy Cattle written by Kristen Michelle Perano and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research was to design and test a novel conductive cooling system for controlling heat stress in lactating dairy cows by circulating chilled water through modified DCC waterbeds (Dual Chamber Cow Waterbeds). The system was tested to determine (1) the heat flux between the cooled waterbeds and the cows; (2) the production benefit to heat-stressed dairy cows; (3) the sensitivity of moisture accumulation and heat flux to type and thickness of bedding; and (4) the potential economic benefit. The calculated heat flux of the system was 439 W/m2 when the temperature of the circulating water in the waterbeds was 4.5oC and was 382 W/m2 when the circulating water temperature was 10.0oC. This was for live cows and about 1 cm of sawdust bedding. This amount of heat flux is significant compared to the amount of metabolic heat a lactating cow must lose. Conductively cooling the cows with 4.5°C water decreased core body temperature by 1.0°C (p
Book Synopsis Principles of Animal Environment by : Merle L. Esmay
Download or read book Principles of Animal Environment written by Merle L. Esmay and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals and environment; Homeostasis of animals; Homeothermy of animals; Psychrometrics; Heat and mass transer as affected by ambient temperature; Humidity and its effect on animals; Convective heat loss from animals; Radiant heat loss from animals; Radiation protection in the hot climate; Poultry and their environment; Heat and vapor transmission in buildings; Heat and water vapor production in livestock and poultry structure; Air exchange in livestock and poultry buildings; Environmental control and the climate; Air flow patterns; Energy conservation principles; Appendix; Index.
Book Synopsis A Study of Computational Fluid Dynamics Assumptions and Their Role in the Evaluation and Design of Targeted Cooling Strategies for Dairy Operations Validated Through Experimentation by :
Download or read book A Study of Computational Fluid Dynamics Assumptions and Their Role in the Evaluation and Design of Targeted Cooling Strategies for Dairy Operations Validated Through Experimentation written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat stress represents a significant cost to the dairy industry. To alleviate these loses, dairy producers have invested into designing and installing ventilation and cooling systems for their dairy cows. The design of dairy barns is usually (for new barns) based on the cooling requirements for the dairy cows, which vary significantly with breed and region. New systems are beginning to cool the cow itself, rather than the whole barn in order to increase efficiency. The present work evaluates two dairy cow cooling systems: a positive pressure tube ventilation, using experimental data as computational modeling; and a conduction cooling heat exchanger using experimental data. Testing these systems at production scale is expensive and time consuming for producers. In order to alleviate these costs, computational fluid dynamic models can be used to estimate the systems performance before they are installed. However, there is a need to understand how accurately the cow should be represented within these models. Therefore this study evaluates six different cow analogs, three primitives (sphere, cylinder, rectangular prism) and three realistic (six-cylinder cow, low polygon cow, high polygon cow) geometries in order to compare and contrast their applicability in computational modeling. The study discusses the ability of computational fluid dynamics models to evaluate positive pressure tube ventilation. The ability of conduction cooling to maintain cows cool during high temperatures and humidity is discussed in detail. Furthermore, the different cow geometries are evaluated and suggestions as to when each is to be used are provided. The low polygon cow representation is then used to evaluate the animal occupied zone as porous media assumptions within the holding area of the barn.
Book Synopsis Environmental Physiology of Livestock by : R. J. Collier
Download or read book Environmental Physiology of Livestock written by R. J. Collier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-02-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental stress is one of the most significant factors affecting livestock performance and health, and it is only expected to increase with effects of global warming. Environmental Physiology of Livestock brings together the latest research on environmental physiology, summarizing progress in the field and providing directions for future research. Recent developments in estimating heat stress loads are discussed, as well as key studies in metabolism, reproduction, and genetic expressions. Environmental Physiology of Livestock begins with a survey of current heat indexing tools, highlighting recent discoveries in animal physiology, changes in productivity levels, and new technologies available to better estimate stress response. Using this synopsis as a point of orientation, later chapters hone in on major effects of heat stress, including changing metabolic pathways and nutrient requirements, endocrine regulation of acclimation to environmental stress, and reduced reproductive performance. The text concludes with a thorough discussion of environmental effects on gene expressions, providing important insight for future breeding practices. Environmental Physiology of Livestock is a globally contributed volume and a key resource for animal science researchers, geneticists, and breeders.
Book Synopsis Heat Stress and Animal Productivity by : Anjali Aggarwal
Download or read book Heat Stress and Animal Productivity written by Anjali Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Anjali Aggarwal is working as a Senior Scientist at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). She holds a PhD degree in Animal Physiology and is involved in research and teaching at post-graduate level. Her area of research work is stress and environmental physiology. She has more than 50 publications, two technical bulletins, four manuals and many book chapters to her credit. She has successfully guided many post-graduate and PhD students. Her major research accomplishments are on microclimatic modification for alleviation of heat and cold stress, mist and fan cooling systems for cows and buffaloes, and use of wallowing tank in buffaloes. Her work involves the use of technology of supplementing micronutrients during dry period and early lactation to crossbred and indigenous cows for alleviating metabolic and oxidative stress and improved health and productivity. Studies are also done in her lab on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes as a result of exercise or exposure to heat stress. Dr. R.C. Upadhyay is working as Head, Dairy Cattle Physiology Division at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (India). He graduated in Veterinary Sciences and obtained his PhD degree in Animal Physiology. His area of recent research is climate change, stress, and environmental physiology. His major research accomplishment is on climate change impact assessment of milk production and growth in livestock. His work also involves studying methane conversion and emission factors for Indian livestock and use of IPCC methodology of methane inventory of Indian livestock. Heat shock protein-70 expression studies in cattle and buffaloes are also done in his lab. Draught animal power evaluation, fatigue assessment, work-rest cycle and work limiting factors form the highlights of his work. Studies on partitioning of heat loss from skin and pulmonary system of cattle and buffaloes and electrocardiographic studies in cattle, buffalo, sheep and goat are also undertaken in his lab. He has more than 75 research papers, four books and several book chapters to his credit. Technologies developed and research done by him include methodology of methane measurement: open and closed circuit for cattle and buffaloes; inventory of methane emission from livestock using IPCC methodology; livestock stress index: thermal stress measurement based on physiological functions; and draught power evaluation system and large animal treadmill system. He received training in Radio-nuclides in medicine at Australian School of Nuclear Technology, Lucas heights, NSW, Australia in 1985 and Use of radioisotopes in cardiovascular investigations at CSIRO, Prospect, NSW, Australia, during 1985-86. He has guided several post-graduate and PhD students. He is recipient of Hari Om Ashram Award-1990 (ICAR) for outstanding research in animal sciences.
Book Synopsis Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Effect of Environment on Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1981-02-01 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production by : Veerasamy Sejian
Download or read book Environmental Stress and Amelioration in Livestock Production written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-05 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the importance of livestock to the global economy, there is a substantial need for world-class reference material on the sustainable management of livestock in diverse eco-regions. With uncertain climates involving unpredictable extreme events (e.g., heat, drought, infectious disease), environmental stresses are becoming the most crucial factors affecting livestock productivity. By systematically and comprehensively addressing all aspects of environmental stresses and livestock productivity, this volume is a useful tool for understanding the various intricacies of stress physiology. With information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, this book explores the influence of the environment on livestock production across global biomes. The challenges the livestock industry faces in maintaining the delicate balance between animal welfare and production are also highlighted.
Book Synopsis Design and Control of Dairy Housing Microclimate Using Advanced Sensor Networks and Simulation Tools to Mitigate Heat Stress of Dairy Cows by : Hanwook Chung (Ph.D.)
Download or read book Design and Control of Dairy Housing Microclimate Using Advanced Sensor Networks and Simulation Tools to Mitigate Heat Stress of Dairy Cows written by Hanwook Chung (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amidst escalating production scales, sustainability imperatives, and heightened awareness of animal welfare with increasingly extreme weather conditions, heat stress in livestock has emerged as a paramount concern for the U.S. dairy industry. Conventional cross- and tunnel-ventilation systems, which have become the standard mechanical system for cow cooling and barn ventilation in large dairy barn facilities, might no longer meet the requirements per cow, given the expanding numbers of cows accommodated within single facilities. This dissertation proposed a series of elements that all pertain to one overarching goal of developing an intelligent animal-centric ventilation system design and control that could address some of the identified concerns with mechanical ventilation in large-scale dairy barns while meeting animal-specific cooling requirements. Solving this problem requires many different interdisciplinary efforts to perfect. However, the studies presented in this dissertation aim to serve as a foundation for future studies. Due to the nature of interdisciplinary studies, many of the presented solutions contain technical knowledge from various disciplines (e.g. Machine Learning, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Internet of Things).The two major components required for developing an effective animal-centric ventilation system are a sound method to retrieve animal-based heat stress index and an appropriate targeted cooling ventilation design that can efficiently be controlled using that direct heat stress index. Chapter Two delves into the real-time monitoring of dairy cow heat stress by employing an Internet of Things-infused rechargeable ear tag. This wireless device tracks the subcutaneous ear temperature, offering a minimally invasive proxy to gauge core body temperatures. Chapter Four describes the design optimization and cooling performance evaluation of PPPV. Design parameter optimization and performance prediction using CFD are crucial, especially in a newly proposed system without a direct predecessor. Lastly, Chapter Three delineates the conception of a machine-learning-augmented computational fluid dynamics (CFD-ML) simulator. This CFD-ML model, which can "simulate" heat and mass transfer phenomena in a dairy barn with much less required computational cost, can be a blueprint for smart simulation tools that can eventually support and aid in ventilation design processes, as described in Chapter Three. In the future, these individual efforts should come together to attain the ultimate goal of developing a smarter, animal-centric dairy barn ventilation system.
Book Synopsis Lactation and the Mammary Gland by : R. Michael Akers
Download or read book Lactation and the Mammary Gland written by R. Michael Akers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Akers provides the basics for understanding mammary development and lactation and conveys the critical regulatory events in lactation. This text willl prove to be an invaluable overview of mamorary development and lactation for undergraduates and graduates studying lactation, new researchers, and as a review for established scientists. Additionally, the book will be an important resource for professionals in the animal and dairy industry and for those in other scientific disciplines such as food chemistry, cell biology, and endocrinology whose work is closely tied to mammary gland development and function. Lactation and the Mammary Gland covers growth and development of the mammary gland including comparisons between species. It imparts and emphasizes the critical nature of mammary growth and the onset of lactation at the time of parturition. Special emphasis is given to the endocrine and growth factor regulation of both mammogenesis and lactogenesis. A thorough discussion of the role of growth hormone in development and maintenance of lactation or galactopoiesis adds to this book's value as a text and reference. The author reviews the presence of hormones, growth factors, and other bioactive compounds in milk and mammary secretions as well as the potential for use of the mammary gland as a bioreactor in the pharmaceutical industry. A description of the nutritional and management factors in milk production round out the book's comprehensive coverage.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation by : Veerasamy Sejian
Download or read book Climate Change Impact on Livestock: Adaptation and Mitigation written by Veerasamy Sejian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-31 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses in detail both livestock’s role in climate change and the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Apart from these cardinal principles of climate change and livestock production, this volume also examines the various strategies used to mitigate livestock-related GHG emissions, and those which can reduce the impacts of climate change on livestock production and reproduction. Presenting information and case studies collected and analyzed by professionals working in diversified ecological zones, the book explores the influence of climate change on livestock production across the globe. The most significant feature of this book is that it addresses in detail the different adaptation strategies and identifies targets for different stakeholders in connection with climate change and livestock production. Further, it puts forward development plans that will allow the livestock industries to cope with current climate changes and strategies that will mitigate the effects by 2025. Lastly, it provides researchers and policymakers several researchable priorities to help develop economically viable solutions for livestock production with less GHG emissions, promoting a cleaner environment in which human beings and livestock can live in harmony without adverse effects on productivity. Given that livestock production systems are sensitive to climate change and at the same are themselves a contributor to the phenomenon, climate change has the potential to pose an increasingly formidable challenge to the development of the livestock sector. However, there is a dearth of scientific information on adapting livestock production to the changing climate; as such, well-founded reference material on sustaining livestock production systems under the changing climate scenarios in different agro-ecological zones of the world is essential. By methodically and extensively addressing all aspects of climate change and livestock production, this volume offers a valuable tool for understanding the hidden intricacies of climatic stress and its influence on livestock production.
Author :National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Physiological Effects of Environmental Factors on Animals Publisher :National Academies ISBN 13 : Total Pages :390 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (312 download)
Book Synopsis A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals by : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Physiological Effects of Environmental Factors on Animals
Download or read book A Guide to Environmental Research on Animals written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Physiological Effects of Environmental Factors on Animals and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1971-01-01 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioclimatic factors and their measurement. Physiologic functions and measurement techniques. Animal characteristics in relation to environmental response. Environment and physiopathology. Design and execution of experiments using domestic animals. Development of research facilities. Research under field conditions.
Book Synopsis Bovine Medicine by : Anthony H. Andrews
Download or read book Bovine Medicine written by Anthony H. Andrews and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 1233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bovine Medicine provides practical and comprehensive information oncattle disease and production and is a key reference for all largeanimal vets. Since the first edition was published in 1991 therehave been significant improvements in disease control andmanagement of cattle. Almost all parts of the book have beenupdated and completely rewritten. There are new chapters onsurgery, embryo transfer, artificial insemination, ethno-veterinarymedicine and biosecurity, and a new consolidating chapter on theinteraction between the animal, environment, management anddisease. The previous edition has sold all over the world, and as aresult of this a greater emphasis has been placed on conditions andtheir treatment in areas other than temperate regions. A newsection entitled "Global Variation in Cattle Practice" has beenincluded with contributors discussing bovine medicine practice intheir part of the world. All in all this is an outstanding resource for any practisingvet and an excellent reference for veterinary students.
Author :IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes Publisher :IWA Publishing ISBN 13 :1900222787 Total Pages :61 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (2 download)
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) by : IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No.1 (ADM1) written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Book Synopsis Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds by : Roger William Blowey
Download or read book Mastitis Control in Dairy Herds written by Roger William Blowey and published by CABI. This book was released on 2010 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of the book, containing 16 chapters which focus on prevention and control of mastitis as well as on the different factors that lead to mastitis resulting in poor milk quality. The book contains two appendices, the first contains a liner line chart and the second contains parlour audit. An index is also provided.
Book Synopsis Reducing Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Through Sprinkler and Fan Cooling by : L.W. Turner
Download or read book Reducing Heat Stress in Dairy Cows Through Sprinkler and Fan Cooling written by L.W. Turner and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impact and Adaptation in Agricultural Systems by : Jurg Fuhrer
Download or read book Climate Change Impact and Adaptation in Agricultural Systems written by Jurg Fuhrer and published by CABI. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is future global climate change and its implications for agricultural systems which are the main sources of agricultural goods and services provided to society. These systems are either based on crop or livestock production, or on combinations of the two, with characteristics that differ between regions and between levels of management intensity. In turn, they also differ in their sensitivity to projected future changes in climate, and improvements to increase climate-resilience need to be tailored to the specific needs of each system. The book will bring together a series of chapters that provide scientific insights to possible implications of projected climate changes for different important types of crop and livestock systems, and a discussion of options for adaptive and mitigative management.
Book Synopsis The Well-Being of Farm Animals by : G. John Benson
Download or read book The Well-Being of Farm Animals written by G. John Benson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-06-02 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Well-Being of Farm Animals: Challenges and Solutions is the first title in Blackwell Publishing Professional's groundbreaking series Issues in Animal Bioethics. This important book examines the ethical and economic importance of production animal well-being and pain management—topics of increasing concern to consumers. The Well-Being of Farm Animals: Challenges and Solutions offers veterinarians, veterinary and agriculture students, animal scientists, and food animal producers both practical methods to enhance farm animal well-being, and greater understanding of the theoretical underpinnings of those methods. With a variety of perspectives from respected experts and specialists, this book conveys new research findings and promotes valuable discourse on critical issues. Most importantly, editors Benson and Rollin provide feasible instruction to put theory into practice. The theories and applications presented in this book are likely to be legislated in the future. Therefore, it is important for veterinarians in production animal medicine to keep abreast of the latest issues in promoting animal well-being, and implement sound animal welfare methods every day. The Well-Being of Farm Animals: Challenges and Solutions provides the information veterinarians need to do both.
