Computer Science And Operations Research New Developments In Their Interfaces

Download Computer Science And Operations Research New Developments In Their Interfaces full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Computer Science And Operations Research New Developments In Their Interfaces ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Computer Science and Operations Research: New Developments in their Interfaces

Author : Osman Balci
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483297861
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computer Science and Operations Research: New Developments in their Interfaces by : Osman Balci

Download or read book Computer Science and Operations Research: New Developments in their Interfaces written by Osman Balci and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-23 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interface of Operation Research and Computer Science - although elusive to a precise definition - has been a fertile area of both methodological and applied research. The papers in this book, written by experts in their respective fields, convey the current state-of-the-art in this interface across a broad spectrum of research domains which include optimization techniques, linear programming, interior point algorithms, networks, computer graphics in operations research, parallel algorithms and implementations, planning and scheduling, genetic algorithms, heuristic search techniques and data retrieval.

Interfaces in Computer Science and Operations Research

Author : R. S. Barr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461541026
Total Pages : 443 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Interfaces in Computer Science and Operations Research by : R. S. Barr

Download or read book Interfaces in Computer Science and Operations Research written by R. S. Barr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The disciplines of computer science and operations research (OR) have been linked since their origins, each contributing to the dramatic advances of the other. This work explores the connections between these key technologies: how high-performance computing methods have led to advances in OR de ployment, and how OR has contributed to the design and development of ad vanced systems. The collected writings-from researchers and practitioners in Computer Science, Operations Research, Management Science, and Artificial Intelligence-were among those delivered at the Fifth INFORMS Computer Science Technical Section Conference in Dallas, Texas, January 8-10, 1996. The articles advance both theory and practice. Presented are new approaches to complex problems based on: metaheuristics (neural networks, genetic al gorithms, and Tabu Search), optimization and mathematical programming, stochastic methods, constraint programming, and logical analysis. These ad vanced methodologies are applied to new applications in such areas as: telecom munications network design, financial engineering, manufacturing, project man agement, and forecasting, airline and machine scheduling, vehicle routing, mod eling and decision support systems. Featured is a remarkable paper by keynote speaker Fred Glover, creator of the Tabu Search family of metaheuristics. In it he develops the principles of memory-based heuristic methods, contrasts them with the popular genetic algorithms and simulated annealing, provides a sweeping survey of application vignettes, and points to promising avenues for future research.

Advances in Computational and Stochastic Optimization, Logic Programming, and Heuristic Search

Author : David L. Woodruff
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475728077
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Computational and Stochastic Optimization, Logic Programming, and Heuristic Search by : David L. Woodruff

Download or read book Advances in Computational and Stochastic Optimization, Logic Programming, and Heuristic Search written by David L. Woodruff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer Science and Operations Research continue to have a synergistic relationship and this book - as a part of the Operations Research and Computer Science Interface Series - sits squarely in the center of the confluence of these two technical research communities. The research presented in the volume is evidence of the expanding frontiers of these two intersecting disciplines and provides researchers and practitioners with new work in the areas of logic programming, stochastic optimization, heuristic search and post-solution analysis for integer programs. The chapter topics span the spectrum of application level. Some of the chapters are highly applied and others represent work in which the application potential is only beginning. In addition, each chapter contains expository material and reviews of the literature designed to enhance the participation of the reader in this expanding interface.

The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Computer Science and Operations Research

Author : Stephen G. Nash
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461522234
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Computer Science and Operations Research by : Stephen G. Nash

Download or read book The Impact of Emerging Technologies on Computer Science and Operations Research written by Stephen G. Nash and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of high-performance computers and sophisticated software tech nology has led to significant advances in the development and application of operations research. In turn, the growing complexity of operations research models has posed an increasing challenge to computational methodology and computer technology. This volume focuses on recent advances in the fields of Computer Science and Operations Research, on the impact of technologi cal innovation on these disciplines, and on the close interaction between them. The papers cover many relevant topics: computational probability; design and analysis of algorithms; graphics; heuristic search and learning; knowledge-based systems; large-scale optimization; logic modeling and computation; modeling languages; parallel computation; simulation; and telecommunications. 1 This volume developed out of a conference held in Williamsburg, Virginia, January 5-7, 1994. It was sponsored by the Computer Science Technical Section of the Operations Research Society of America. The conference was attended by over 120 people from across the United States, and from many other countries. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the participants of the con ference, the authors, the anonymous referees, and the publisher for helping produce this volume. We express our special thanks to Bill Stewart and Ed Wasil for serving as Area Editors.

Operations Research and Cyber-Infrastructure

Author : John W. Chinneck
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387888438
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (878 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Operations Research and Cyber-Infrastructure by : John W. Chinneck

Download or read book Operations Research and Cyber-Infrastructure written by John W. Chinneck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-05 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations Research and Cyber-Infrastructure is the companion volume to the Eleventh INFORMS Computing Society Conference (ICS 2009), held in Charleston, South Carolina, from January 11 to 13, 2009. It includes 24 high-quality refereed research papers. As always, the focus of interest for ICS is the interface between Operations Research and Computer Science, and the papers in this volume reflect that interest. This is naturally an evolving area as computational power increases rapidly while decreasing in cost even more quickly, and the papers included here illustrate the wide range of topics at this interface.

Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects

Author : Robert Klein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792386377
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (863 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects by : Robert Klein

Download or read book Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects written by Robert Klein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-11-30 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project management has become a widespread instrument enabling organizations to efficiently master the challenges of steadily shortening product life cycles, global markets and decreasing profit margins. With projects increasing in size and complexity, their planning and control represents one of the most crucial management tasks. This is especially true for scheduling, which is concerned with establishing execution dates for the sub-activities to be performed in order to complete the project. The ability to manage projects where resources must be allocated between concurrent projects or even sub-activities of a single project requires the use of commercial project management software packages. However, the results yielded by the solution procedures included are often rather unsatisfactory. Scheduling of Resource-Constrained Projects develops more efficient procedures, which can easily be integrated into software packages by incorporated programming languages, and thus should be of great interest for practitioners as well as scientists working in the field of project management. The book is divided into two parts. In Part I, the project management process is described and the management tasks to be accomplished during project planning and control are discussed. This allows for identifying the major scheduling problems arising in the planning process, among which the resource-constrained project scheduling problem is the most important. Part II deals with efficient computer-based procedures for the resource-constrained project scheduling problem and its generalized version. Since both problems are NP-hard, the development of such procedures which yield satisfactory solutions in a reasonable amount of computation time is very challenging, and a number of new and very promising approaches are introduced. This includes heuristic procedures based on priority rules and tabu search as well as lower bound methods and branch and bound procedures which can be applied for computing optimal solutions.

Computing Tools for Modeling, Optimization and Simulation

Author : Manuel Laguna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461545676
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computing Tools for Modeling, Optimization and Simulation by : Manuel Laguna

Download or read book Computing Tools for Modeling, Optimization and Simulation written by Manuel Laguna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computing Tools for Modeling, Optimization and Simulation reflects the need for preserving the marriage between operations research and computing in order to create more efficient and powerful software tools in the years ahead. The 17 papers included in this volume were carefully selected to cover a wide range of topics related to the interface between operations research and computer science. The volume includes the now perennial applications of rnetaheuristics (such as genetic algorithms, scatter search, and tabu search) as well as research on global optimization, knowledge management, software rnaintainability and object-oriented modeling. These topics reflect the complexity and variety of the problems that current and future software tools must be capable of tackling. The OR/CS interface is frequently at the core of successful applications and the development of new methodologies, making the research in this book a relevant reference in the future. The editors' goal for this book has been to increase the interest in the interface of computer science and operations research. Both researchers and practitioners will benefit from this book. The tutorial papers may spark the interest of practitioners for developing and applying new techniques to complex problems. In addition, the book includes papers that explore new angles of well-established methods for problems in the area of nonlinear optimization and mixed integer programming, which seasoned researchers in these fields may find fascinating.

Metaheuristics

Author : Karl F. Doerner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387719210
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Metaheuristics by : Karl F. Doerner

Download or read book Metaheuristics written by Karl F. Doerner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book’s aim is to provide several different kinds of information: a delineation of general metaheuristics methods, a number of state-of-the-art articles from a variety of well-known classical application areas as well as an outlook to modern computational methods in promising new areas. Therefore, this book may equally serve as a textbook in graduate courses for students, as a reference book for people interested in engineering or social sciences, and as a collection of new and promising avenues for researchers working in this field.

Telecommunications Planning

Author : S. Raghavan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387292349
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Telecommunications Planning by : S. Raghavan

Download or read book Telecommunications Planning written by S. Raghavan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-12 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book serves as a companion volume to the Seventh INFORMS Telecommunications Conference held in Boca Raton, Florida, March 7-10, 2004. The 18 papers in this book were carefully selected after a thorough re view process. The research presented within these articles focuses on the latest methodological developments in three key areas—pricing of telecommunica tions services, network design, and resource allocation—that are most relevant to current telecommunications planning. With the global deregulation of the telecommunications industry, effective pricing and revenue management, as well as an understanding of competi tive pressures are key factors that will improve revenue in telecommunica tions companies. Chapters 1-5 address these topics by focusing on pricing of telecommunications services. They present some novel ideas related to pricing (including auction-based pricing of network bandwidth) and modeling compe tition in the industry. The successful telecommunications companies of the future will likely be the ones that can minimize their costs while meeting customer expectations. In this context the optimal design/provisioning of telecommunication networks plays an important role. Chapters 6-12 address these topics by focusing on net work design for a wide range of technologies including SONET, SDH, WDM, and MPLS. They include the latest research developments related to the mod eling and solving of network design problems. Day-to-day management/control of telecommunications networks is depen dent upon the optimal allocation of resources. Chapters 13-18 provide insight ful solutions to several intriguing resource allocation problems.

Optimization Software Class Libraries

Author : Stefan Voß
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 030648126X
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (64 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Optimization Software Class Libraries by : Stefan Voß

Download or read book Optimization Software Class Libraries written by Stefan Voß and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization problems in practice are diverse and evolve over time, giving rise to - quirements both for ready-to-use optimization software packages and for optimization software libraries, which provide more or less adaptable building blocks for app- cation-specific software systems. In order to apply optimization methods to a new type of problem, corresponding models and algorithms have to be “coded” so that they are accessible to a computer. One way to achieve this step is the use of a mod- ing language. Such modeling systems provide an excellent interface between models and solvers, but only for a limited range of model types (in some cases, for example, linear) due, in part, to limitations imposed by the solvers. Furthermore, while m- eling systems especially for heuristic search are an active research topic, it is still an open question as to whether such an approach may be generally successful. Modeling languages treat the solvers as a “black box” with numerous controls. Due to variations, for example, with respect to the pursued objective or specific problem properties, - dressing real-world problems often requires special purpose methods. Thus, we are faced with the difficulty of efficiently adapting and applying appropriate methods to these problems. Optimization software libraries are intended to make it relatively easy and cost effective to incorporate advanced planning methods in application-specific software systems. A general classification provides a distinction between callable packages, nume- cal libraries, and component libraries.

Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science

Author : Saul I. Gass
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461304598
Total Pages : 774 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science by : Saul I. Gass

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science written by Saul I. Gass and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations Research: 1934-1941," 35, 1, 143-152; "British The goal of the Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Operational Research in World War II," 35, 3, 453-470; Management Science is to provide to decision makers and "U. S. Operations Research in World War II," 35, 6, 910-925; problem solvers in business, industry, government and and the 1984 article by Harold Lardner that appeared in academia a comprehensive overview of the wide range of Operations Research: "The Origin of Operational Research," ideas, methodologies, and synergistic forces that combine to 32, 2, 465-475. form the preeminent decision-aiding fields of operations re search and management science (OR/MS). To this end, we The Encyclopedia contains no entries that define the fields enlisted a distinguished international group of academics of operations research and management science. OR and MS and practitioners to contribute articles on subjects for are often equated to one another. If one defines them by the which they are renowned. methodologies they employ, the equation would probably The editors, working with the Encyclopedia's Editorial stand inspection. If one defines them by their historical Advisory Board, surveyed and divided OR/MS into specific developments and the classes of problems they encompass, topics that collectively encompass the foundations, applica the equation becomes fuzzy. The formalism OR grew out of tions, and emerging elements of this ever-changing field. We the operational problems of the British and U. s. military also wanted to establish the close associations that OR/MS efforts in World War II.

Operations Research

Author : Michael Carter
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498780113
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Operations Research by : Michael Carter

Download or read book Operations Research written by Michael Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations Research: A Practical Introduction is just that: a hands-on approach to the field of operations research (OR) and a useful guide for using OR techniques in scientific decision making, design, analysis and management. The text accomplishes two goals. First, it provides readers with an introduction to standard mathematical models and algorithms. Second, it is a thorough examination of practical issues relevant to the development and use of computational methods for problem solving. Highlights: All chapters contain up-to-date topics and summaries A succinct presentation to fit a one-term course Each chapter has references, readings, and list of key terms Includes illustrative and current applications New exercises are added throughout the text Software tools have been updated with the newest and most popular software Many students of various disciplines such as mathematics, economics, industrial engineering and computer science often take one course in operations research. This book is written to provide a succinct and efficient introduction to the subject for these students, while offering a sound and fundamental preparation for more advanced courses in linear and nonlinear optimization, and many stochastic models and analyses. It provides relevant analytical tools for this varied audience and will also serve professionals, corporate managers, and technical consultants.

Graphs, Dioids and Semirings

Author : Michel Gondran
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387754504
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Graphs, Dioids and Semirings by : Michel Gondran

Download or read book Graphs, Dioids and Semirings written by Michel Gondran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-14 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this essential text is to emphasize the deep relations existing between the semiring and dioïd structures with graphs and their combinatorial properties. It does so at the same time as demonstrating the modeling and problem-solving flexibility of these structures. In addition the book provides an extensive overview of the mathematical properties employed by "nonclassical" algebraic structures which either extend usual algebra or form a new branch of it.

Operations Research

Author : Michael W. Carter
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351990632
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (519 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Operations Research by : Michael W. Carter

Download or read book Operations Research written by Michael W. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students with diverse backgrounds will face a multitude of decisions in a variety of engineering, scientific, industrial, and financial settings. They will need to know how to identify problems that the methods of operations research (OR) can solve, how to structure the problems into standard mathematical models, and finally how to apply or develop computational tools to solve the problems. Perfect for any one-semester course in OR, Operations Research: A Practical Introduction answers all of these needs. In addition to providing a practical introduction and guide to using OR techniques, it includes a timely examination of innovative methods and practical issues related to the development and use of computer implementations. It provides a sound introduction to the mathematical models relevant to OR and illustrates the effective use of OR techniques with examples drawn from industrial, computing, engineering, and business applications Many students will take only one course in the techniques of Operations Research. Operations Research: A Practical Introduction offers them the greatest benefit from that course through a broad survey of the techniques and tools available for quantitative decision making. It will also encourage other students to pursue more advanced studies and provides you a concise, well-structured, vehicle for delivering the best possible overview of the discipline.

Telecommunications Network Design and Management

Author : G. Anandalingam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475737629
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Telecommunications Network Design and Management by : G. Anandalingam

Download or read book Telecommunications Network Design and Management written by G. Anandalingam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Telecommunications Network Design And Management represents the state-of-the-art of applying operations research techniques and solutions across a broad spectrum of telecommunications problems and implementation issues. -The first three chapters of the book deal with the design of wireless networks, including UMTS and Ad-Hoc networks. -Chapters 4-6 deal with the optimal design of telecommunications networks. Techniques used for network design range from genetic algorithms to combinatorial optimization heuristics. -Chapters 7-10 analyze traffic flow in telecommunications networks, focusing on optimizing traffic load distribution and the scheduling of switches under multi-media streams and heavy traffic. -Chapters 11-14 deal with telecommunications network management, examining bandwidth provisioning, admission control, queue management, dynamic routing, and feedback regulation in order to ensure that the network performance is optimized. -Chapters 15-16 deal with the construction of topologies and allocation of bandwidth to ensure quality-of-service.

Computational Modeling and Problem Solving in the Networked World

Author : Hemant K. Bhargava
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461510430
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computational Modeling and Problem Solving in the Networked World by : Hemant K. Bhargava

Download or read book Computational Modeling and Problem Solving in the Networked World written by Hemant K. Bhargava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of a selected subset of research articles presented at the Eighth INFORMS Computing Society Conference, held in Chandler, Arizona, from January 8 to 10, 2003. The articles in this book represent the diversity and depth of the interface between ORiMS (operations research and the management sciences) and CS/AI (computer science and artificial intelligence ). This volume starts with two papers that represent the reflective and integrative thinking that is critical to any scientific discipline. These two articles present philosophical perspectives on computation, covering a variety of traditional and newer methods for modeling, solving, and explaining mathematical models. The next set includes articles that study machine learning and computational heuristics, and is followed by articles that address issues in performance testing of solution algorithms and heuristics. These two sets of papers demonstrate the richness of thought that takes place at the ORiMS and CSI AI interface. The final set of articles demonstrates the usefulness of these and other methods at the interface towards solving problems in the real world, covering e-commerce, workflow, electronic negotiation, music, parallel computation, and telecommunications. The articles in this collection represent the results of cross-fertilization between ORiMS and CSI AI, making possible advances that could have not been achieved in isolation. The continuing aim ofthe INFORMS Computing Society and this research conference is to invigorate and further develop this interface.

Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization

Author : Masatoshi Sakawa
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792374527
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (745 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization by : Masatoshi Sakawa

Download or read book Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization written by Masatoshi Sakawa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the introduction of genetic algorithms in the 1970s, an enormous number of articles together with several significant monographs and books have been published on this methodology. As a result, genetic algorithms have made a major contribution to optimization, adaptation, and learning in a wide variety of unexpected fields. Over the years, many excellent books in genetic algorithm optimization have been published; however, they focus mainly on single-objective discrete or other hard optimization problems under certainty. There appears to be no book that is designed to present genetic algorithms for solving not only single-objective but also fuzzy and multiobjective optimization problems in a unified way. Genetic Algorithms And Fuzzy Multiobjective Optimization introduces the latest advances in the field of genetic algorithm optimization for 0-1 programming, integer programming, nonconvex programming, and job-shop scheduling problems under multiobjectiveness and fuzziness. In addition, the book treats a wide range of actual real world applications. The theoretical material and applications place special stress on interactive decision-making aspects of fuzzy multiobjective optimization for human-centered systems in most realistic situations when dealing with fuzziness. The intended readers of this book are senior undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of operations research, computer science, industrial engineering, management science, systems engineering, and other engineering disciplines that deal with the subjects of multiobjective programming for discrete or other hard optimization problems under fuzziness. Real world research applications are used throughout the book to illustrate the presentation. These applications are drawn from complex problems. Examples include flexible scheduling in a machine center, operation planning of district heating and cooling plants, and coal purchase planning in an actual electric power plant.