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Author : Kim Huan Lim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book Composting and Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches written by Kim Huan Lim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hassan Abdel Hadi Hassan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (975 download)
Download or read book Solid State Bioconversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Into Compost by Selected Microbes written by Hassan Abdel Hadi Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The palm oil industry plays a major role in the economic development several tropical countries. In processing oil palm fruit for oil extraction, palm oil mills produce a considerable amount of solid wastes in the form of fibres, nut shells and empty fruit bunches (EFB). For every 100 tonnes of fresh fruit bunches processed there will be approximately 20 tonnes of nutshells, 7 tonnes of fibres and 26 tonnes of empty bunches discharged from the mill. In order to prevent enviromental pollutionm disposal of the oil palm wastes needs prudent handling and consideration. The composting process is currently viewed primarily as a waste management method to stabilise organic wastes. Composting is a management system that uses microbial activity to degrade raw organic material. The stabilised end product (compost is widely used as a soil amendment to improve soil structure and provide plant nutrients. These beneficial uses of compost can improve healthy plant production, reduce of chemical fertilisers and conserve natural resources. The main objective of this study is to develop an alternative technology for the production of compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB), using a solid state bioconversion technique (SSB), by selected microorganisms. SSB is procee whereby an insoluble substrate, with sufficient moisture, but not free water, can be converted to compost by different microorganisms. It is simple and cost effective way of treating the organic waste, which requires no complex controls. Three efficients cellulolytic cultures aspergillus niger, Trichoderma reesei and Phanerochaete were used as inoculum in this study. The strains used did not produce any toxic by-products during the bioconversion processes and they were able to utilise lignin and grow an lignocellulosic materials. Shredded and partially dried EFB (280g) were allowed to compost for 8 weeks using ammonium sulfate as a source of nitrogen with the addition of single and mixed culture innoculum of A.niger, T.resis and P.chrysosporium, and compared to the natural process as control. The composting process was carried out in IL flasks and the controlling parameters such as moisture content, temperature and aeration were optimised. The investigation showed that due to inoculation, the period of composting was reduced to four weeks compared to normal composting time of 24-32 weeks. In addition to this, the quality of the compost was improved and there was greater production of nitrate and ammoniacal nitrogen due to the accelerated decomposition. During four week period, the total carbon degraded to 54% with mixed culture showing a maximum decomposition, followed by P.chrysosporium 53.4%, A.niger 41%, reesie 34.6% and control 22.7%. a maximum increase of total nitrogen. A maximum increase of total nitrogen content of 92.1% was recorded with mixed culture followed by 77.4% with P.chrysosporium, 67.6% with A.niger, 64.7% with T.reesie and 39% with control. The C/N ration of 47 in EFB compost improved to 11.34 with mixed culture, to between 12.32 - 18.67 with single cultures and to 26.14 with control. There was a 60% reduction in the C/N ration over the control. The addition of mixed culture is therefore shown to be more effective than single culture and natural composting (control). The SSB technique was found to be feasible technology with high potential for EFB conversion into compost. The compost prepared by such techniques was rich in nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium and humus content. The observations of this study will provide future guidelines for the production of non-hazardous enviromental friendly organic fertilizers.
Author : O. van Cleemput
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401154503
Total Pages : 666 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Progress in Nitrogen Cycling Studies written by O. van Cleemput and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of the `8th Nitrogen Workshop' which was held at the University of Ghent, Belgium, from 5 to 8 September 1994. Although nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems have been studied for several decades, new orientations and other emphases have recently emerged. Previously, nitrogen was considered as an essential element mostly in terms of productivity, but now, more emphasis is attached to environmental consequences. More than 100 contributions in this book tackle recent developments within the fields of nitrogen advice systems, plant response to fertilization, immobilization and mobilization, nitrification, denitrification, leaching, ammonia volatilization and biological nitrogen fixation. A large number of papers is devoted to the formation of gaseous nitrogen compounds, while mineralization-immobilization is another topic of important interest. The book also contains the reports of discussion groups on different aspects of the nitrogen cycle.
Author : Kim Huan Lim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book Composting of EFB of Oil Palm and Their Uses in Plantations written by Kim Huan Lim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of empty fruit bunches (EFB) of oil palm for direct field mulching is problematic due to their weight and volume and difficult distribution during rainyseasons. Composting of EFB with various additives (urea, liquid sludge from POME treatment ditches and bacterial starter from decomposing EFB) for a period of about 3 months gave significant volume and weight deduction. Nursery trials on applying the sludge treated EFB compost (at 200-400 g per bag) on selected ornamental plants, cocoa and oil palm seedings, was able to offset about half the normal rate of fertilizers without adverse effects. [Author's abstract].
Author : Poonam Singh-Nee Nigam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402099428
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues Utilisation written by Poonam Singh-Nee Nigam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-19 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residues from agriculture and the food industry consist of many and varied wastes, in total accounting for over 250 million tonnes of waste per year in the UK alone. Biotechnological processing of these residues would allow these waste products to be used as a resource, with tremendous potential. An extensive range of valuable and usable products can be recovered from what was previously considered waste: including fuels, feeds and pharmaceutical products. In this way Biotechnology can offer many viable alternatives to the disposal of agricultural waste, producing several new products in the process. This book presents up-to-date information on a biotechnology approach for the utilisation of agro-industrial residues, presenting chapters with detailed information on materials and bioconversion technology to obtain products of economic importance: The production of industrial products using agro-industrial residues as substrates The biotechnological potential of agro-industrial residues for bioprocesses Enzymes degrading agro-industrial residues and their production Bioconversion of agro-industrial residues. Written by experts in Biotechnological processing of Agro-Industrial Residues, this book will provide useful information for academic researchers and industry scientists working in biotechnology, waste management, agriculture and the food industry.
Author : John H. Andrews
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146123168X
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (612 download)
Download or read book Microbial Ecology of Leaves written by John H. Andrews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The leaf surface or phyllosphere is a major habitat for microorganisms. Microbes on or within leaves play important roles in plant ecology, and these microbes can be manipulated to enhance plant growth or reduce plant disease. This book presents a number of critical reviews by internationally recognized experts on the microbial ecology of leaves. Topics include methods of assessment of microbial populations on leaf surfaces, leaves as reservoirs of ice nucleation phenomenon, and leaves as microbial habitats in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The book will be of interest to students and scientists in numerous disciplines, including botany, aerobiology, meteorology, ecology, agriculture, and microbiology.
Author : F. Ibrahim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540680179
Total Pages : 734 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (46 download)
Download or read book 3rd Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2006 written by F. Ibrahim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-28 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering (BioMed 2006) was held in December 2006 at the Palace of the Golden Horses, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The papers presented at BioMed 2006, and published here, cover such topics as Artificial Intelligence, Biological effects of non-ionising electromagnetic fields, Biomaterials, Biomechanics, Biomedical Sensors, Biomedical Signal Analysis, Biotechnology, Clinical Engineering, Human performance engineering, Imaging, Medical Informatics, Medical Instruments and Devices, and many more.
Author : Dinesh K. Maheshwari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319080040
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Composting for Sustainable Agriculture written by Dinesh K. Maheshwari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dramatic worldwide increase in agricultural and industrial productivity has created severe environmental problems. Soil and groundwater reservoirs have been polluted with pesticides, xenobiotics and agro-chemicals. The global consensus to reduce inputs of chemical pesticides and agrochemical fertilizers, which are perceived at being hazardous by some consumers, has provided opportunities for the development of novel, benign sustainable crop management strategies. The future of agricultural depends upon our ability to enhance the productivity without damage to their long-term production potential. One of the strategies is the application of effective microbial products beneficial for both farmers and ecosystems. This kind of approach can ensure both ecological and economic sustainability. Soil microbial populations are immersed in framework of interactions, which are known to affect plant fitness and soil quality. For betterment of life of human being, improved quality and variety of products are formed due to versatile action of different group of microorganisms, Microbes are able to degrade solid waste material into compost which is a mixture of decayed organic matter, manure etc. Incomplete microbial degradation of organic waste where the microbial process varies aerobic to anaerobic form is stated as compost, if added to soil improves plant growth and development. The biological activities and microbial metabolism in the soil contribute to alter its mixture and fertility. Incorporation of organic remain in the form of compost is known to influence favourably the physio-chemical and biological properties of soil. The beneficial activities bestowed upon plants by compost utilization are multifaceted, hence most promising alternatives for achieving sustainable agricultural production. An increased awareness on compost has led to their use in agricultural concern. Contents in the present book will comprised various chapters on the role of beneficial bacteria in the composting process. The application is depicted to achieve the attainable productivity besides, in disease management and suppressiveness of organisms of phytopathogenic in nature. Significance of the compost elicits certain responses e.g. soil reclamation, soil fertility, soil health and disease management exhibit due to quality compost amendment in soil. It serves as low cost prospective option for sustainable crop production and protection.
Author : Mahri Spiji
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (975 download)
Download or read book Effect of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Compost and Ash Application on Growth of Water Convolvulus (Ipomea Aquatic) written by Mahri Spiji and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nor Azizah Yacob
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811005346
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) written by Nor Azizah Yacob and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected science and technology papers that were presented at the 2014 Regional Conference of Sciences, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014). The bi-annual Conference is organized by Universiti Teknologi MARA Pahang, Malaysia. The papers address a broad range of topics including architecture, life sciences, robotics, sustainable development, engineering, food science and mathematics. The book serves as a platform for disseminating research findings, as a catalyst to inspire positive innovations in the development of the region. The carefully-reviewed papers in this volume present research by academicians of local, regional and global prominence. Out of more than 200 manuscripts presented at the conference by researchers from local and foreign universities and institutions of higher learning, 64 papers were chosen for inclusion in this publication. The papers are organized in more than a dozen broad categories, spanning the range of scientific research: • Engineering• Robotics• Mathematics & Statistics• Computer & Information Technology• Forestry• Plantation & Agrotechnology• Sports Science & Recreation• Health & Medicine• Biology• Physics• Food Science• Environment Science & Management• Sustainable Development• Architecture The book provides a significant point of reference for academics, researchers and students in many fields who need deeper research.
Author : Florin-Constantin Mihai
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 953513485X
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)
Download or read book Solid Waste Management in Rural Areas written by Florin-Constantin Mihai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book points out that rural regions need proper attention at the global level concerning solid waste management sector where bad practices and public health threats could be avoided through traditional and integrated waste management routes. Solid waste management in rural areas is a key issue in developing and transitioning countries due to the lack of proper waste management facilities and services. The book further examines, on the one hand, the main challenges in the development of reliable waste management practices across rural regions and, on the other hand, the concrete solutions and the new opportunities across the world in dealing with municipal and agricultural wastes. The book provides useful information for academics, various professionals, the members of civil society, and national and local authorities.
Author : Fakhri A. Bazzaz
Publisher : Food & Agriculture Org.
ISBN 13 : 9789251039878
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (398 download)
Download or read book Global Climate Change and Agricultural Production written by Fakhri A. Bazzaz and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1996 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Chui Yen Yeoh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (975 download)
Download or read book Composting of Empty Fruit Bunches by Microbial Inocular written by Chui Yen Yeoh and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increment of palm oil production increases its by-product wastes such as the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME). To recycle the wastes,large-scale windrow composting system is established. However, the duration of compost production from two months to one-year is not compatible to the daily output of the palm oil mill wastes. Thus, accelerating of EFB composting by using inoculums, urea and a smaller substrate size were investigated. Parameters such as moisture content, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity and turning frequency were used to monitor the composting process of EFB and POME. The carbonnitrogen ratio, UV-vis spectrophotometer test, microorganisms enumeration and germination test were used to assess the maturity of compost. Two pilot scale tests were conducted in an industrial compost plant. The first pilot scale test aims to verify the effectiveness of inoculums and urea addition in 30 tonne of EFB compost piles. Four heaps of EFB with different treatments i.e. addition of 0.03%, 0.3% of commercial inocular, 200 kg urea, and control without any additives were investigated. The result disclosed that the 0.03% of inocular had positively affected the composting performance by decreasing the C/N ratio to 15.04 compared to the control, which had the final C/N of 21.39. The EFB heap with addition of urea also had its C/N decreased to 15.62, thus urea may be a second option for accelerating the composting process. In the second pilot scale trial, four heaps of composts were used. Daily turning was done on a heap containing commercial inocular, a heap added with laboratory inocular consisting 15 types of func ional microbes and the control heap. Another heap with the aboratory inocular was scheduled turning once in every two da ys. This trial revealed that the moisture loss and degradation rate were not significantly different between composts with different turning frequencies. With similar decreasing rate of the C/N ratio and microbes population, the laboratory and commercial inoculars were found similar in assisting composting. Both the inoculars have an enhancing effect on the EFB composting as the C/N of both inoculated composts dropped below 20 at 14 days earlier than control. In the third trial, three composts of 20 kg of EFB each were evaluated for the time efficiency of laboratory inocular in smaller particle size of substrate. Composts with 4 cm and 2 cm particle sizes of EFB were inoculated, and a control with 4 cm fibres was without inocular. The C/N of inoculated composts with 2 cm fibres dropped to 18.31, whereas the control was 20.65. The UV-vis ratio of the 2 cm fibre became constant earlier than the control by at least 3 weeks. Observations on the germination test and microbe enumeration suggested that 2 cm inoculated compost matured earlier, i.e. in 35 days compared to the 4 cm fibre at 49 days and the control not mature even at 60 days. In conclusion, the laboratory inoculars can be useful in speeding up the composting process of EFB, particularly for those with smaller substrate sizes. (499).
Author : Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (857 download)
Download or read book Treatment and Utilisation of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) by Pleurotus Sajor-caju Cultivation and Vermicomposting written by Ahmad Naim Ahmad Yahaya and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oil palm industry in Malaysia is striving to show that it uses a sustainable approach in order to be accepted internationally and ensure palm oil remains a major commodity in Malaysia. The Malaysian government has already prohibited the burning of oil palm wastes leaving a problem of waste disposal. In this work the cultivation of edible mushroom (Pleura/us sajor-caju) on unsterile oil palm waste empty fruit bunch (EFB) followed by vermicomposting by Eisenia fetida and Dendrobaena veneta is investigated as a sustainable approach to dealing with a major component of the waste. Two stages of treatment are required due to the lignin content, the C:N ratio (54: 1), the high level of total phenolic compounds (31.10 g GAE/1OOg extract, of which 1.35 mg/kg is phenol) and low phosphorous, and potassium in EFB which makes this material resistant to natural degradation (and hence unsuitable for standard composting) and hazardous to earthworms. Biological efficiency (BE) for the production of the edible fungal fruiting body (oyster mushroom) was more than 20% and an indication that the commercial bioconversion of EFB to mushroom is feasible. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin and reduction of total phenolic compounds. No trace of phenol was found in extracts of EFB after fungal growth (GC-MS analysis). Treated EFB (i.e. after fungal growth) was found to be suitable for vermicornposting. The nutrient contents (TKN, P, N, Ca, Mg, Na and K) of the vermicornpost compared favourably with commercial high and low organic content compost. The final C:N ratio of the vermicompost was approximately 17: 1. This is an indication of stabilisation of the vermicompost and its suitability as a growth medium and soil enhancer. ICP-MS analysis showed that potentially toxic elements (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) of vermicomposted EFB were below the BSI:PAS:lOO:2011 limits. Seedling germination tests shows fast germination of tomatos, peppers and broad beans in a mixture (50%:50%) of vermicomposted EFB and low organic content compost. However seedling germination in vermicomposted EFB without additional compost was slow. It was concluded that oil palm waste (EFB) can be treated by a combination of Pisajor-caju cultivation and vermicomposting. Edible mushrooms can add to the economic balance of the treatment process and the ability to use unsterilised EFB will reduce costs. The final vermicomposted EFB also gives extra economic value and a beneficial return to the environment as a natural soil treatment material.
Author : Suraini Abd-Aziz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527830766
Total Pages : 791 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (278 download)
Download or read book Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products written by Suraini Abd-Aziz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 791 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products An instructive and up-to-date pretreatment and industrial applications of oil producing plants Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products is a two-volume set that delivers a comprehensive exploration of oil producing plants, from their availability to their pretreatment, bioenergy generation, chemical generation, bioproduct generation, and economic impact. The distinguished team of editors has included a wide variety of highly instructive resources written by leading contributors to the field. This set explores the current and future potential of bioenergy production to address the energy and climate crisis, as well as the technologies used to produce materials like biogas, biodiesel, bioethanol, biobutanol, biochar, fuel pellets, and biohydrogen. It also discusses the production of biobased chemicals, including bio-oil, biosurfactants, catanionic surfactants, glycerol, biovanillin, bioplastic, and plant-oil based polyurethanes. Concluding with an insightful analysis of the economic effects of oil producing plants, the set also offers readers: A thorough introduction to the availability of oil producing plants, including palm oil, castor oil, jatropha, nyamplung, and coconut A comprehensive exploration of the pretreatment of oil producing plants, including the physical, chemical and biological pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass Practical discussion of the generation of bioenergy, including biogas generation in the palm oil mill and biodiesel production techniques using jatropha In-depth examinations of the generation of biobased chemicals, including those produced from the tobacco plant Perfect for researchers and industry practitioners involved with the biorefinery of oil producing plants, Biorefinery of Oil Producing Plants for Value-Added Products also belongs in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying agriculture, chemistry, engineering, and microbiology.
Author : Noor Fauziyah Ishak
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (969 download)
Download or read book Feasibility of Anaerobic Co-composting Empty Fruit Bunch with Activated Sludge from Palm Oil Mill Wastes for Soil Conditioner written by Noor Fauziyah Ishak and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eza Azuren binti Yusuf
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (943 download)
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Organic Biofertilizer Using Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Composted Medium for Vegetable Gardening written by Eza Azuren binti Yusuf and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Malaysia, oil palm industries generate approximately 90 million tonnes of renewable biomass each year. The empty fruit bunch (EFB) contributes the highest amount of solid waste from this industry. Various studies were conducted on managing the solid waste such as EFB by means of composting process. The objectives of this study were to develop organic biofertilizer using the oil palm empty fruit bunch as medium using effective microbes and to test and evaluate the use of biofertilizer developed on the vegetable gardening.
