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Competitive Pressure Widens The Gender Gap In Performance
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Book Synopsis Competitive Pressure Widens the Gender Gap in Performance by : Nagore Iriberri
Download or read book Competitive Pressure Widens the Gender Gap in Performance written by Nagore Iriberri and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In two-stage elimination math contests participants from four different age groups compete to pass from stage 1 to stage 2 and later to be among the winners. Although female participants have higher Math grades at school the gender gap reverses in the two stages of the contests. More importantly, following the same individual participant across different stages, we find that the gender gap in performance increases from stage 1 to stage 2 of the competition. The increase in female underperformance is attributed to higher competitive pressure and alternative explanations based on selection, discrimination and differences in reaction to increasing difficulty are ruled out.
Book Synopsis Gender Gap in Performance Under Competitive Pressure by : Štěpán Jurajda
Download or read book Gender Gap in Performance Under Competitive Pressure written by Štěpán Jurajda and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gender Dynamics in Competitive Environments. Exploring Performance Disparities and Influencing Factors by : Daniel Fedeler
Download or read book Gender Dynamics in Competitive Environments. Exploring Performance Disparities and Influencing Factors written by Daniel Fedeler and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Gender Studies, grade: 1,7, University of Duisburg-Essen (Mercator School of Management), language: English, abstract: Competitiveness has been traditionally thought to increase productivity. However, some studies, have shown that competition can affect women's performance negatively. In order to design better strategies that promote the performance of all genders and increase the overall performance, it is important to understand why this is the case. Therefore, this thesis tries to better understand how competition tends to negatively affect women’s performance, by studying what can influence the performance in general. According to Booth & Nolan (2022) the type of opponent can affect behavior and results in competitive environments. Therefore, this thesis also analysis if there is a performance difference competing against a real person (in the following called real-other) or an uncertain goal (in the following called threshold).
Book Synopsis The Gender Gap Cracks Under Pressure by : Christopher Cotton
Download or read book The Gender Gap Cracks Under Pressure written by Christopher Cotton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using data from multiple-period math competitions, we show that males outperform females of similar ability during the first period. However, the male advantage is not found in any subsequent period of competition, or even after a two-week break from competition. Some evidence suggests that males may actually perform worse than females in later periods. The analysis considers various experimental treatments and finds that the existence of gender differences depends crucially on the design of the competition and the task at hand. Even when the male advantage does exist, it does not persist beyond the initial period of competition"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Gender Differences in Output Quality and Quantity Under Competition and Time Constraints by : Olga Shurchkov
Download or read book Gender Differences in Output Quality and Quantity Under Competition and Time Constraints written by Olga Shurchkov and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender gaps in income and level of position in the workplace are widespread. One explanation for this inequality is that the genders perform differently under competitive conditions, as previous experimental studies have found a significant gender gap in competitive tasks that are perceived to favor men. In this paper, we use a verbal task that is perceived to favor women and find no gender difference under competition per se. We also reject the hypothesis that a stereotype threat explains the inability of women to improve performance under competition. We propose an alternative explanation for gender inequality: Namely, that women and men respond differently to time pressure. With reduced time pressure, competition in verbal tasks greatly increases the performance of women, such that women significantly outperform men. This effect appears largely due to the fact that extra time in a competition improves the quality of women's work, leading them to make fewer mistakes. On the other hand, men use this extra time to increase the quantity of work, which results in a greater number of mistakes.
Book Synopsis The Gender Gap in Competitiveness and Costly Performance Feedback: Experimental Evidence by : Ayşegül Coşkunlar
Download or read book The Gender Gap in Competitiveness and Costly Performance Feedback: Experimental Evidence written by Ayşegül Coşkunlar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Gender-gap by : Evren Örs
Download or read book Performance Gender-gap written by Evren Örs and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance gender-gap by : Evren Örs
Download or read book Performance gender-gap written by Evren Örs and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gender, Competition and Performance by : Peter Backus
Download or read book Gender, Competition and Performance written by Peter Backus and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gender and Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments by : Alison L. Booth
Download or read book Gender and Psychological Pressure in Competitive Environments written by Alison L. Booth and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender differences in paid performance under competition have been found in many laboratory-based experiments, and it has been suggested that these may arise because men and women respond differently to psychological pressure in competitive environments. To explore this further, we conducted a laboratory experiment comprising 444 subjects, and measured gender differences in performance in four distinct competitive situations. These were as follows: (i) the standard tournament game where the subject competes with three other individuals and the winner takes all; (ii) an anonymized competition in which an individual competes against an imposed production target and is paid only if s/he exceeds it; (iii) a 'personified' competition where an individual competes against a target based on the previous performance of one anonymised person of unknown gender; and (iv) a 'gendered' competition where an individual competes against a target based on the previous performance of one anonymised person whose gender is known. We found that only men respond to pressure differently in each situation; women responded the same to pressure no matter the situation. Moreover, the personified target caused men to increase performance more than under an anonymized target and, when the gender of the person associated with the target was revealed, men worked even harder to outperform a woman but strived only to equal the target set by a male.
Book Synopsis Stress Reactions Cannot Explain the Gender Gap in Willingness to Compete by : Thomas Buser
Download or read book Stress Reactions Cannot Explain the Gender Gap in Willingness to Compete written by Thomas Buser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women are often less willing than men to compete, even in tasks where there is no gender gap in performance. Also, many people experience competitive contexts as stressful and previous research has documented that men and women sometimes react differently to acute stressors. We use two laboratory experiments to investigate whether factors related to stress can help explain the gender gap in competitiveness. Experiment 1 studies whether stress responses (measured with salivary cortisol and through self-assessment) to taking part in a mandatory competition predict individual willingness to participate in a voluntary competition. We find that while the mandatory competition does increase stress levels, there is no gender difference in this reaction. Cortisol response does not predict willingness to compete for men but is positively and significantly correlated with choosing to enter the voluntary competition for women. In Experiment 2 we exogenously induce stress using the cold-pressor task. We find no causal effect of stress on competitiveness for the sample as a whole and only tentative evidence of a positive effect for women. In summary, even though there are some gender differences in the relation between stress responses and the decision to enter a competition or not, these cannot explain the general gender gap in willingness to compete that is generally found in the literature and which we replicate.
Book Synopsis Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? by : Muriel Niederle
Download or read book Do Women Shy Away from Competition? Do Men Compete Too Much? written by Muriel Niederle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Competitive high ranking positions are largely occupied by men, and women remain scarce in engineering and sciences. Explanations for these occupational differences focus on discrimination and preferences for work hours and field of study. We examine if absent these factors gender differences in occupations may still occur. Specifically we explore whether women and men, on a leveled playing field, differ in their selection into competitive environments. Men and women in a laboratory experiment perform a real task under a non-competitive piece rate and a competitive tournament scheme. Although there are no gender differences in performance under either compensation, there is a substantial gender difference when participants subsequently choose the scheme they want to apply to their next performance. Twice as many men as women choose the tournament over the piece rate. This gender gap in tournament entry is not explained by performance either before or after the entry decision. Furthermore, while men are more optimistic about their relative performance, differences in beliefs only explain a small share of the gap in tournament entry. In a final task we assess the impact of non-tournament-specific factors, such as risk and feedback aversion, on the gender difference in compensation choice. We conclude that even controlling for these general factors, there is a large residual gender gap in tournament entry"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Which Explanations for Gender Differences in Competition are Consistent with a Simple Game Theoretic Model? by :
Download or read book Which Explanations for Gender Differences in Competition are Consistent with a Simple Game Theoretic Model? written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Feedback on Gender Differences in Competitive Choices by : David Wozniak
Download or read book The Effect of Feedback on Gender Differences in Competitive Choices written by David Wozniak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study the effect of feedback about relative performance on the choice to compete, and the demand for that feedback, using an experiment where participants can choose between piece rate and tournament compensation for simple addition tasks. The experiment was conducted in a shopping mall with 885 adults with wide demographic variation. We replicate the gender gap in competitive choices in this large and diverse sample. We find that providing free feedback about relative performance does not affect the overall gender gap, but does affect the choices to compete by gender and ability. When feedback is costly, females are less likely to buy it than are men, and the reduction in the competitive choice gender gap for high ability individuals is smaller than when feedback is costless. The gender gap in feedback demand varies with age and confidence.
Book Synopsis Competition, Subjective Feedback, and Gender Gaps in Performance by : Anna Lovasz
Download or read book Competition, Subjective Feedback, and Gender Gaps in Performance written by Anna Lovasz and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We use an online game with randomized treatments to study gender differences in the impacts of competition and subjective feedback. 5191 participants were randomly selected into 8 groups: players either saw a Top 10 leaderboard or not ( competition ), and within these, they received no subjective feedback, supportive feedback, rewarding feedback, or "trash talk" ( feedback type ). Seeing a leaderboard increases the persistence (number of games played) of all players, but only increases the performance (score) of male players. When the leaderboard is combined with supportive feedback, the performance of female players increases as well. This points to important heterogeneities by feedback type and individual characteristics and suggests that personalized feedback may be key for decreasing gender gaps, particularly in competitive settings such as STEM fields.
Download or read book Choke written by Sian Beilock and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously published in hardcover: New York: Free Press, 2010.
Book Synopsis Gender Differences in Competitiveness by : Ragan Petrie
Download or read book Gender Differences in Competitiveness written by Ragan Petrie and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gender differences in competitiveness have been suggested as an explanation for the observed dearth of women in highly-ranked positions within firms. In this paper we ask: could a price mechanism be used to achieve gender balance? Our results show that if the rewards to competition are sufficiently large, women are willing to compete as much as men and will win as many competitions as men. Nonetheless, while entry increases, it is not enough to reduce average wage cost. Given the proportion of men and women willing to enter the competition at various prizes, firms whose objective is to minimize their costs would not voluntarily chose prizes which allow them to attract a balanced workforce. Hence markets forces would not be sufficient to achieve gender parity. Our experimental design also allows us to propose a new measure for competitiveness that incorporates the fact that incentives change participants' willingness to compete, namely the minimum prize at which participants chose to enter a tournament. We find that women choose to enter at significantly higher minimum prizes and that only a small fraction of the initial gender gap can be attributed to performance, beliefs, and general factors such as risk and feedback aversion. Thus, even though for some prizes women behave as competitively as men, women nevertheless are less competitive than men.
