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Competencies And Institutions Fostering High Growth Firms
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Book Synopsis Competencies and Institutions Fostering High-growth Firms by : Martin J. Wainwright
Download or read book Competencies and Institutions Fostering High-growth Firms written by Martin J. Wainwright and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2008 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formalism of probabilistic graphical models provides a unifying framework for capturing complex dependencies among random variables, and building large-scale multivariate statistical models. Graphical models have become a focus of research in many statistical, computational and mathematical fields, including bioinformatics, communication theory, statistical physics, combinatorial optimization, signal and image processing, information retrieval and statistical machine learning. Many problems that arise in specific instances-including the key problems of computing marginals and modes of probability distributions-are best studied in the general setting. Working with exponential family representations, and exploiting the conjugate duality between the cumulant function and the entropy for exponential families, Graphical Models, Exponential Families and Variational Inference develops general variational representations of the problems of computing likelihoods, marginal probabilities and most probable configurations. It describes how a wide variety of algorithms- among them sum-product, cluster variational methods, expectation-propagation, mean field methods, and max-product-can all be understood in terms of exact or approximate forms of these variational representations. The variational approach provides a complementary alternative to Markov chain Monte Carlo as a general source of approximation methods for inference in large-scale statistical models.
Book Synopsis Competencies and Institutions Fostering High-Growth Firms by : Magnus Henrekson
Download or read book Competencies and Institutions Fostering High-Growth Firms written by Magnus Henrekson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-growth firms (HGFs) are critical for net job creation and economic growth. We analyze HGFs using the theory of competence blocs, linking firm growth to property rights and the interaction of complementary expertise. Specifically, we discuss how the institutional framework affects the prevalence and performance of HGFs. Firm growth is viewed as resulting from the perpetual discovery and use of productive knowledge.A key element in this process is the competence bloc, a nexus of economic actors with complementary competencies that are vital in order to generate and commercialize novel ideas. The institutional framework determines the incentives for these individuals to acquire and utilize knowledge. We identify a number of institutions that foster the emergence of competence blocs and the creation of HGFs. In particular, our analysis points to the pivotal roles played by tax structures, labor market regulation, and the contestability of currently closed service markets. Finally, we characterize institutions beneficial for sclerotic or dynamic capitalism, respectively, depending on whether they provide a favorable environment for the emergence of competence blocs and the creation of HGFs.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309377870 Total Pages :379 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis SBIR at NASA by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book SBIR at NASA written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-06-02 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the program. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR program at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the program's operations-including NASA. In a follow-up to the first round, NASA requested from the Academies an assessment focused on operational questions in order to identify further improvements to the program. Public-private partnerships like SBIR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in various fields present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs.
Book Synopsis Innovation and Growth by : Martin Andersson
Download or read book Innovation and Growth written by Martin Andersson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-09-20 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an understanding of firms' R&D and innovation strategies and their economy-wide consequences. It is based on the premise that differences in firm-level returns, as well as economy-wide outcomes, may be linked to the heterogeneous ways in which firms organize and undertake R&D and innovation activities. It emphasizes innovation strategies of innovating firms, and reflects that innovation efforts do not represent a uniform type of expenditure. Organized into three parts the volume moves from the micro to the macro-level. This structure highlights the notion that R&D and innovation and growth are two interdependent perspectives. The first of these is micro-oriented and focuses on innovation processes of firms, where R&D activities and other innovation efforts give rise to consequences such as a strengthening of resource bases, growth of sales and employment, patents, new products, increasing productivity and profits, and improved chances of survival. The second perspective comprises economy-wide effects in the form of overall technological change, growth in total factor productivity, and structural change processes, where certain sectors may benefit from new inputs from other sectors while others experience declining markets and reduced output. The book brings together contributions and perspectives from both economics and business scholars, and will appeal to academics, researchers, and students interested in R&D and innovation strategies, international business, business strategy, and the economics of technological change.
Book Synopsis Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Social, Sustainable, and Economic Development by : Sebastian Aparicio
Download or read book Entrepreneurship and Intrapreneurship in Social, Sustainable, and Economic Development written by Sebastian Aparicio and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-25 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship have become a vehicle that offers solutions for social, environmental, and economic problems. Even though the level of entrepreneurial activity and its diversity have been motivated through public policies, social support has also played an important role in encouraging people to think of entrepreneurship as a desirable career choice. This book brings together analyses of those elements required for entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intention and action, which ultimately become important leverages of development. Chapters highlight the importance of rural, urban, university, organizational, and family environments for a bunch of intentions and behaviors such as green, sport, social, corporate, innovative, traditional, and gender entrepreneurship. This entrepreneurial diversity is translated into higher development through the empowerment of women, environmental consciousness, and efficient production. Policymakers, scholars, and practitioners can find different examples and cases useful for decision-making, learning, and practice in this book.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness by : David B. Audretsch
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness written by David B. Audretsch and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The local levels of economies have felt the impact of technological change and globalization. These forces have triggered the need to understand the dynamic mechanisms that enable locales to respond to such changes. For example, the downsizing of traditional employers because of a major loss in market share due to new competitors, acquisition by global firms, or off-shoring of production or services was traditionally thought to be beyond the scope of powers of local policy makers, thinkers, and business leaders. In the world of practice, those concerned about the economic performance of place-city, region or state-are increasingly focused on how to adapt to these trends and leverage their existing resources to respond to these global challenges as a positive opportunity. The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness brings together some of the leading minds in the fields of business, economics, and the social sciences to identify, articulate, and analyze what influences and shapes local competitiveness and what places can do to enhance their economic performance. The contributors to the Handbook provide a body of systematic analyses suggesting that the local context is a critical element of the forces that shape competitiveness. The challenges to generate and sustain economic performance vary across places, and the factors and conditions that either enhance or impede competiveness also are place-specific. Finally, the characteristics and nature of what constitutes success also vary across places. This Handbook is essential reading material for academics in the fields of economics and public policy, as well as business leaders who hope to gain a more in-depth understanding of their field. Informative and intellectually rigorous, The Oxford Handbook of Local Competitiveness is the definitive volume of scholarly analysis regarding the relationship between place and economic competition.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030937877X Total Pages :461 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis SBIR/STTR at the National Institutes of Health by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book SBIR/STTR at the National Institutes of Health written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-28 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs provide federal research and development funding to small businesses. In 2008, the National Research Council completed a comprehensive assessment of the SBIR and STTR programs. The first-round study found that the programs were "sound in concept and effective in practice." Building on the outcomes from the Phase I study, this second phase examines both topics of general policy interest that emerged during the first phase and topics of specific interest to individual agencies, and provides a second snapshot to measure the program's progress against its legislative goals.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030943792X Total Pages :435 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book SBIR/STTR at the Department of Energy written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-20 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Program was created in 1992 by the Small Business Research and Development Enhancement Act to expand joint venture opportunities for small businesses and nonprofit research institutions by requiring small business recipients to collaborate formally with a research institution. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR and STTR programs have stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the programs. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR and STTR programs at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the programs' operations-including the Department of Energy (DoE). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the DoE SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR and STTR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs.
Book Synopsis Essays in Public Sector Entrepreneurship by : David B. Audretsch
Download or read book Essays in Public Sector Entrepreneurship written by David B. Audretsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores public sector entrepreneurship from an international perspective. It features essays from eminent scholars in the field addressing entrepreneurial public policies from different countries. Public sector entrepreneurship is at the cusp of becoming a watchword in international policy circles. This book is a pioneer volume in this emerging field and provides topics and policies that are broadly applicable across different economies. Public sector entrepreneurship refers to innovative public policy initiatives that generate greater economic prosperity by transforming a status-quo economic environment into one that is more conducive to economic units engaging in creative activities in the face of uncertainty. In today’s economy, public sector entrepreneurship affects that transformation primarily by increasing the effectiveness of knowledge networks; that is, by increasing the heterogeneity of experiential ties among economic units and the ability of those same economic units to exploit such diversity. Through policy initiatives that are characterized by public sector entrepreneurship, there will be more development of new technology and hence more innovation throughout the economy.
Book Synopsis SBIR at the Department of Defense by : National Research Council
Download or read book SBIR at the Department of Defense written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-09-30 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Created in 1982 through the Small Business Innovation Development Act, the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program remains the nation's single largest innovation program for small business. The SBIR program offers competitive awards to support the development and commercialization of innovative technologies by small private-sector businesses. At the same time, the program provides government agencies with technical and scientific solutions that address their different missions. SBIR at the Department of Defense considers ways that the Department of Defense SBIR program could work better in addressing the congressional objectives for the SBIR program to stimulate technological innovation, use small businesses to meet federal research and development (R & D) needs, foster and encourage the participation of socially and economically disadvantaged small businesses, and increase the private sector commercialization of innovations derived from federal R&D. An earlier report, An Assessment of the Small Business Innovation Research Program at the Department of Defense, studied how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs. This report builds on the previous one, with a revised survey of SBIR companies. SBIR at the Department of Defense revisits some case studies from the 2009 study and develops new ones, and interviews agency managers and other stakeholders to provide a second snapshot of the program's progress toward achieving its legislative goals.
Book Synopsis Formation mechanisms for the sustainable economic development of industries, facilities and enterprises by : Khakhonova, N.N.
Download or read book Formation mechanisms for the sustainable economic development of industries, facilities and enterprises written by Khakhonova, N.N. and published by MCNIP. This book was released on 2013-07-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection includes materials of the international scientific conference "Formation mechanisms for the sustainable economic development of industries, facilities, businesses," held in Munich, 8-10 July 2013. The main objective of the conference - the development of the community of scholars and practitioners in the field of economics and management. The conference brought together scholars and practitioners from Russia, Belarus, Latvia, Kazakhstan. The international scientific conference was supported by the Publishing House of the International Centre of research projects, editors of peer-reviewed scientific journals "Modern control technology", "Regional Economics and Management: Electronic scientific journal", "Economic growth and development», «Social & economic innovations».
Book Synopsis The Entrepreneurial Society by : Mark Sanders
Download or read book The Entrepreneurial Society written by Mark Sanders and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book is an outcome of the EU’s Horizon 2020 project ‘Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society’ (FIRES). Building on historical, economic and legal analysis, and combining methods and data across disciplines, the authors provide policymakers, stakeholders and scholars with valuable new tools for assessing and improving Europe’s entrepreneurial ecosystems. Then experts from Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom discuss tailored strategies for introducing entrepreneurial policy reforms in their respective countries.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship by : David B. Audretsch
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Innovation and Entrepreneurship written by David B. Audretsch and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This path-breaking Handbook analyses the foundations, social desirability, institutions and geography of innovation and entrepreneurship. Leading researchers use their outstanding expertise to investigate various aspects in the context of innovation and entrepreneurship such as growth, knowledge production and spillovers, technology transfer, the organization of the firm, industrial policy, financing, small firms and start-ups, and entrepreneurship education as well as the characteristics of the entrepreneur. There is much in this Handbook that will prove to be informative and stimulating, especially for academics and post-graduate students in economics and management. Those starting a PhD in innovation or entrepreneurship will find this book essential reading.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309311969 Total Pages :367 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis SBIR at the National Science Foundation by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book SBIR at the National Science Foundation written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-17 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program is one of the largest examples of U.S. public-private partnerships, and was established in 1982 to encourage small businesses to develop new processes and products and to provide quality research in support of the U.S. government's many missions. The U.S. Congress tasked the National Research Council with undertaking a comprehensive study of how the SBIR program has stimulated technological innovation and used small businesses to meet federal research and development needs, and with recommending further improvements to the program. In the first round of this study, an ad hoc committee prepared a series of reports from 2004 to 2009 on the SBIR program at the five agencies responsible for 96 percent of the program's operations-including the National Science Foundation (NSF). Building on the outcomes from the first round, this second round presents the committee's second review of the NSF SBIR program's operations. Public-private partnerships like SBIR are particularly important since today's knowledge economy is driven in large part by the nation's capacity to innovate. One of the defining features of the U.S. economy is a high level of entrepreneurial activity. Entrepreneurs in the United States see opportunities and are willing and able to assume risk to bring new welfare-enhancing, wealth-generating technologies to the market. Yet, although discoveries in areas such as genomics, bioinformatics, and nanotechnology present new opportunities, converting these discoveries into innovations for the market involves substantial challenges. The American capacity for innovation can be strengthened by addressing the challenges faced by entrepreneurs.
Book Synopsis The Entrepreneurial Society by : Niklas Elert
Download or read book The Entrepreneurial Society written by Niklas Elert and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book builds on the European Union’s (EU) Horizon 2020 project ‘Financial and Institutional Reforms for an Entrepreneurial Society’ (FIRES). The authors outline how Europe can move towards more inclusive, innovative and sustainable growth through reforms that will rekindle its entrepreneurial spirit. Based on decades of research and countless discussions with stakeholders, the book also features the FIRES project’s full list of policy interventions and institutional reforms that can help policymakers make that agenda a reality.
Book Synopsis Women�s Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century by : Kate V. Lewis
Download or read book Women�s Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century written by Kate V. Lewis and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-11-28 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Women�s Entrepreneurship in the 21st Century: An International Multi-level Research Analysis is the fourth in the series of books produced in partnership with the Diana International Research Network. The volume takes a multi-dimensional approach to th
Book Synopsis SMEs in an Era of Globalization by : Ilan Bijaoui
Download or read book SMEs in an Era of Globalization written by Ilan Bijaoui and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book identifies the driving forces behind globalization and proposes innovative ways for small and medium-enterprises (SMEs) to confront them. More than ever, sustainable competitive advantage requires SMEs to continually adapt their strategy and confront new and current competition in the international market. SMEs working with multinational companies could also benefit from winning strategies based on a sensible analysis of rational and irrational phenomena at the micro- and macro-economic levels. This book uses different models developed and established through international business experiences to determine the relevant strategy in the global market. It illustrates each model through real, successful case studies of globalization of factor, efficiency, and innovation-driven SMEs. It will benefit scholars of entrepreneurship, international business, regional development as well as managers, governmental institutions, and regional development, and consultants to SMEs.
