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Comparison Of Safety Effects Of Roadside Versus Road Improvements On Two Lane Rural Highways
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Book Synopsis Comparison of Safety Effects of Roadside Versus Road Improvements on Two-lane Rural Highways by : Rahim F. Benekohal
Download or read book Comparison of Safety Effects of Roadside Versus Road Improvements on Two-lane Rural Highways written by Rahim F. Benekohal and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Impacts of Edge Lines on Texas Rural Two-lane Roadways by : Nicholas Michael Warrenchuk
Download or read book Safety Impacts of Edge Lines on Texas Rural Two-lane Roadways written by Nicholas Michael Warrenchuk and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Roadway crashes are a detriment to our society, so improvements in roadway safety that reduce crashes are of extreme importance. Though it is clear that crashes on our highways are a drain both socially and economically, the contribution of roadway safety to overall community safety is difficult to quantify and has seen many approaches. The study first defines highway safety as a whole, and then focuses on safety improvements on rural two-lane roadways. One such improvement, highway edge lines, may be especially beneficial on such highways. A literature review indicated that edge lines may have a tendency to reduce accident experience on rural, two-lane roads and may affect vehicle speed and lateral position in the lane, which in turn may increase or decrease accident likelihood. After compilation of a database of rural, two-lane roadways in Texas, an accident analysis comparing such roadways with and without edge lines was performed. In addition to general accident frequency analysis taking into account varying traffic lane and shoulder widths and roadway curvature, factors such as accident type, intersection presence, light condition, surface condition, crash-supporting factors, severity, driver age, and driver gender were considered. Further, stationary roadside observations measuring vehicle speed and lateral position were taken during daylight and darkness on three rural, two-lane roadway test sites first without edge lines, and then again after the sites were striped with edge lines. Overall, the accident analysis showed that edge line treatments on rural two-lane roadways may reduce accident frequency, especially run-off-the road frequency, with the highest impact on curves and narrow roadways. The stationary observation analysis indicated some tendency of edge lines to increase vehicle speeds and also decrease speed variations, while moving vehicles toward the pavement edge on narrow roadways, especially at night.
Book Synopsis Roadway Widths for Low-traffic Volume Roads by : Charles V. Zegeer
Download or read book Roadway Widths for Low-traffic Volume Roads written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1994 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-lane Highways by : Douglas W. Harwood
Download or read book Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-lane Highways written by Douglas W. Harwood and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an algorithm for predicting the safety performance of a rural two-lane highway. The accident prediction algorithm consists of base models and accident modification factors for both roadway segments and at-grade intersections on rural two-lane highways. The base models provide an estimate of the safety performance of a roadway or intersection for a set of assumed nominal or base conditions. The accident modification factors adjust the base model predictions to account for the effects on safety for roadway segments of lane width, shoulder width, shoulder type, horizontal curves, grades, driveway density, two-way left-turn lanes, passing lanes, roadside design and the effects on safety for at-grade intersections of skew angle, traffic control, exclusive left- and right-turn lanes, sight distance, and driveways. The accident prediction algorithm is intended for application by highway agencies to estimate the safety performance of an existing or proposed roadway. The algorithm can be used to compare the anticipated safety performance of two or more geometric alternatives for a proposed highway improvement. The accident prediction algorithm includes a calibration procedure that can be used to adapt the predicted results to the safety conditions encountered by any particular highway agency on rural two-lane highways. The algorithm also includes an Empirical Bayes procedure that can be applied to utilize the safety predictions provided by the algorithm together with actual site-specific accident history data.
Book Synopsis Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Two-lane Roads. Volume I - Final Report by : Charles V. Zegeer
Download or read book Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Two-lane Roads. Volume I - Final Report written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was intended to quantify the benefits and costs resulting from lane widening, shoulder widening, shoulder surfacing, sideslope flattening, and roadside improvements. Detailed traffic, accident, and roadway data were collected on 4,951 miles of two lane roads in seven states. An accident predictive model and statistical tests were used to determine expected accident reductions related to various geometric improvements. Construction cost data from several states were used to develop a cost model for numerous types of roadway and roadside projects. This volume contains the final report and four appendixes. The final report contains detailed information on data collection and data analysis and conclusions and recommendations. The appendixes contain detailed information on the literature review, photographs used for the rural and urban roadside hazard scales, and economic analysis inputs.
Book Synopsis Identification, Quantification and Structuring of Two-lane Rural Highway Safety Problems and Solutions. Volume II - Physical and Safety Characteristics of Two-lane Rural Highways. Final Report by : S. A. Smith
Download or read book Identification, Quantification and Structuring of Two-lane Rural Highway Safety Problems and Solutions. Volume II - Physical and Safety Characteristics of Two-lane Rural Highways. Final Report written by S. A. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Accident Savings from Roadside Improvements on Two-lane Rural Highways by : R. F. Benekohal
Download or read book Accident Savings from Roadside Improvements on Two-lane Rural Highways written by R. F. Benekohal and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effectiveness of Roadside Safety Improvements by : John C. Glennon
Download or read book Effectiveness of Roadside Safety Improvements written by John C. Glennon and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features by :
Download or read book Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effect of Highway Standards on Safety by : Hugh W. McGee
Download or read book Effect of Highway Standards on Safety written by Hugh W. McGee and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1995 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Handbook of Road Safety Measures by : Rune Elvik
Download or read book The Handbook of Road Safety Measures written by Rune Elvik and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-14 with total page 1137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras.
Book Synopsis Safety Effects of Geometric Improvements on Horizontal Curves by : Charles V. Zegeer
Download or read book Safety Effects of Geometric Improvements on Horizontal Curves written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontal curves represent a considerable safety problem on rural two-lane highways. Curves experience a higher accident rate than tangents. Current road improvements highlight the issue of what else should be done at horizontal curves to enhance (or at least hold constant) the level of safety at these sites. There has been a need to better quantify accident effects of curve features and to quantify the effects on accidents of curve flattening, curve widening, addition of spiral transitions, improvement to deficient superelevation, and improvements to the roadside. The purpose of this research was to determine the horizontal curve features which affect accident experience on two lane rural roads and, also, to determine which types of geometric improvements on curves will affect accident experience and to what extent.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Interactive Effects of Safety Countermeasures on Pennsylvania Highways by : Yen-wen Shao
Download or read book Modeling the Interactive Effects of Safety Countermeasures on Pennsylvania Highways written by Yen-wen Shao and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) are typically used to quantify the effects of road safety countermeasures by estimating the expected safety impact with the installation of certain treatments. When multiple treatments are implemented together, multiplying individual CMFs is a common way to estimate the overall reduction on crashes quantitatively, carrying with an assumption of statistical independence of the treatments. The validity of the assumption of treatment independence has not been studied extensively. When interaction among treatments exists, it is inappropriate to assume independence of the treatments. The inappropriate use of CMF multiplication is likely to cause errors in the estimation of the magnitude of the safety effects of the treatment (i.e. CMF). This research develops a methodology to identify and quantify the presence of interaction between countermeasures. Differences in safety effectiveness estimates are developed so as to better understand the implications of treatment interaction on safety. The cross-sectional modeling approach using negative binomial models was adopted to estimate the effect on CMFs of countermeasure interaction. This research analyzes the interaction using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) with an underlying negative binomial distribution. After careful selection and screening of predictor variables, a series of models with independent CMFs are compared to a comparable series without the assumption of treatment independence (i.e. with two-way interaction terms). This dissertation consists of three papers. For the first paper in Chapter 2, the methodology is applied to rural multi-lane highways by studying the potential interactions among lane width, right should width and median type. These roadway countermeasures interact with each other throughout the cross-section of rural multilane highways in terms of their association with safety performance. Chapter 3 studies a more homogeneous type of road environment, rural two-lane highways, with three different treatment combinations that were selected from the countermeasures throughout roadway, roadside, and alignment elements, including horizontal curve density and access density. Two types of interactions, categorical by categorical and categorical by continuous interactions, were developed and analyzed in the research. All treatment combinations have demonstrated the existence of interactions with the significance on interaction terms. For the last paper in Chapter 4, the interactive effects on limited access facilities (i.e. interstate freeways) were explored to see how the interaction of a same pair of treatments (e.g. lane width and shoulder width) vary across different road facilities (i.e. rural multilane and interstate freeways). The treatment combinations that are tested for independence include lane width, right shoulder width, and median type. The comparison of the GLM models demonstrates the existence of significant interactive effects. The findings of all papers have achieved the research objectives to develop a feasible method for examining treatment independence and to demonstrate the influences of interaction in CMFs by effectively estimating the combined safety effectiveness with interactions. The differences in CMF with and without interaction are shown to lead to the divergences of conclusions for predicting and assessing the combined treatment effects. It is necessary to be aware and examine the independence of multiple treatments when potential interactions exist; neglecting interactions should be avoided to prevent the combined treatment effects from being incorrectly estimated. The findings of this dissertation are expected to bring contributions to the field by enhancing the quality of safety estimation with the application of CMFs, and therefore provide innovative yet reliable tools and methods for roadway safety improvement.
Download or read book Transportation Research Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "For more than 50 years, the Transportation Research Record has been internationally recognized as one of the preeminent peer-reviewed journals for transportation research papers from authors in the United States and from around the world. One of the most cited transportation journals, the TRR offers unparalleled depth and breadth in the coverage of transportation topics from both academic and practitioner perspectives. All modes of passenger and freight transportation are addressed in papers covering a wide array of disciplines, including policy, planning, administration, economics and financing, operations, construction, design, maintenance, safety, and more."--Publisher's website
Book Synopsis Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features by :
Download or read book Safety Effectiveness of Highway Design Features written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Two-lane Roads. Volume II - Appendixes by : Charles V. Zegeer
Download or read book Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Two-lane Roads. Volume II - Appendixes written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Rural, Four-lane, Non-freeway Highways by : Jun Wang
Download or read book Safety Effects of Cross-section Design for Rural, Four-lane, Non-freeway Highways written by Jun Wang and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
