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Comparison Of Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials For Removing Cesium Strontium And Transuranic Elements From K Basin Water
Download Comparison Of Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials For Removing Cesium Strontium And Transuranic Elements From K Basin Water full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Comparison Of Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials For Removing Cesium Strontium And Transuranic Elements From K Basin Water ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Comparison of Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials for Removing Cesium, Strontium, and Transuranic Elements from K-Basin Water by : Garrett N. Brown
Download or read book Comparison of Inorganic Ion Exchange Materials for Removing Cesium, Strontium, and Transuranic Elements from K-Basin Water written by Garrett N. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of organic and inorganic exchangers are being developed and evaluated for cesium removal from Hanford tank wastes. The exchangers of interest that are investigated in this work include powdered (IONSIV[reg-sign] IE-910; referred to as IE-910) and engineered (IONSIV[reg-sign] IE-911; referred to as IE-911) forms of the crystalline silico-titanate (CST) inorganic sorbent developed by Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)/Texas A and M and prepared by UOP; a phenol-formaldehyde (CS-100) resin developed by Rohm and Haas; a resorcinol-formaldehyde (R-F) polymer developed at the Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) and produced by Boulder Scientific; an inorganic zeolite exchanger produced by UOP (IONSIV[reg-sign] TIE-96; referred to as TIE-96); an inorganic sodium titanate produced by Allied Signal/Texas A and M (NaTi); and a macrocyclic organic resin developed and produced by IBC Advanced Technologies (SuperLig[reg-sign] 644; referred to as SL-644). Several of these materials are still under development and may not be in the optimal form. The work described in this report involves the direct comparison of the ion exchange materials for the pretreatment of actual and simulated Hanford tank waste. Data on the performance of all of the exchangers with simulated and actual double shell slurry feed (DSSF) is included. The DSSF waste is a mixture of the supernate from tanks 101-AW (70%), 106-AP (20%) and 102-AP (10%). The comparative parameters include radionuclide removal efficiency under a variety of conditions and material properties (e.g., bed density and percent removable water). Cesium and strontium distribution (K[sub d]), lambda ([lambda]= K[sub d][times][rho][sub b]), and decontamination factors (DF) are compared as a function of exchanger contact duration, solution composition (Na and Cs concentration), exchanger/waste phase ratio, and multiple sequential contacts.
Book Synopsis Performance Evaluation of 24 Ion Exchange Materials for Removing Cesium and Strontium from Actual and Simulated N-reactor Storage Basin Water by : Garrett N. Brown
Download or read book Performance Evaluation of 24 Ion Exchange Materials for Removing Cesium and Strontium from Actual and Simulated N-reactor Storage Basin Water written by Garrett N. Brown and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports: A Bibliography by :
Download or read book The Office of Environmental Management Technical Reports: A Bibliography written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Office of Environmental Management's (EM) technical reports bibliography is an annual publication that contains information on scientific and technical reports sponsored by the Office of Environmental Management added to the Energy Science and Technology Database from July 1, 1994 through June 30, 1995. This information is divided into the following categories: Focus Areas, Cross-Cutting Programs, and Support Programs. In addition, a category for general information is included. EM's Office of Science and Technology sponsors this bibliography.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank by :
Download or read book Comparison of Organic and Inorganic Ion Exchangers for Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Simulated and Actual Hanford 241-AW-101 DSSF Tank written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Crystalline Silicotitanates--new Ion Exchanger for Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Radwastes by :
Download or read book Crystalline Silicotitanates--new Ion Exchanger for Selective Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Radwastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new class of inorganic ion exchange material called crystalline silicotitanates (CST) has been developed for radioactive waste treatment in a collaborative effort between Sandia National Laboratories and Texas A & M University. The Sandia National Laboratories Laboratory Directed Research and Development program provided the initial funding for this effort and this report summarizes the rapid progress that was achieved. A wide range of compositions were synthesized, evaluated for cesium (Cs) removal efficiency, and a composition called TAM-5 was developed that exhibits high selectivity and affinity for Cs and strontium (Sr). Tests show it can remove parts per million concentrations of Cs from highly alkaline, high-sodium, simulated radioactive waste solutions modeled after those at Hanford, Oak Ridge, and Savannah River. In experiments with solutions that simulate highly alkaline Hanford defense wastes, the crystalline silicotitanates exhibit distribution coefficients for Cs of greater than 2,000 ml/g, and distribution coefficients greater than 10,000 ml/g for solutions adjusted to a pH between 1 and 10. In addition, the CSTs were found to exhibit distribution coefficients for Sr+ greater than 100,000 ml/g and for plutonium of 2,000 ml/g from simulated Hanford waste. The CST crystal structure was determined and positions of individual atoms identified using x-ray and neutron diffraction. The structural information has permitted identification of the ion exchange sites and provided insights into the strong effect of pH on Cs ion exchange. Information on the synthesis, composition, and structure of CST is considered proprietary and is not discussed in this report.
Book Synopsis Vitrification of Ion Exchange Materials. Innovative Technology Summary Report by :
Download or read book Vitrification of Ion Exchange Materials. Innovative Technology Summary Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion exchange is a process that safely and efficiently removes radionuclides from tank waste. Cesium and strontium account for a large portion of the radioactivity in waste streams from US Department of Energy (DOE) weapons production. Crystalline silicotitanate (CST) is an inorganic sorbent that strongly binds cesium, strontium, and several other radionuclides. Developed jointly by Sandia National Laboratory and Texas A and M University, CST was commercialized through a cooperative research and development agreement with an industrial partner. Both an engineered (mesh pellets) and powdered forms are commercially available. Cesium removal is a baseline in HLW treatment processing. CST is very effective at removing cesium from HLW streams and is being considered for adoption at several sites. However, CST is nonregenerable, and it presents a significant secondary waste problem. Treatment options include vitrification of the CST, vitrification of the CST coupled with HLW, direct disposal, and low-temperature processes such as grouting. The work presented in this report demonstrates that it is effective to immobilize CST using a baseline technology such as vitrification. Vitrification produces a durable waste form. CST vitrification was not demonstrated before 1996. In FY97, acceptable glass formulations were developed using cesium-loaded CST obtained from treating supernatants from Oak Ridge Reservation (ORR) tanks, and the CST was vitrified in a research melter at the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC). In FY98, SRS decided to reevaluate the use of in-tank precipitation using tetraphenylborate to remove cesium from tank supernatant and to consider other options for cesium removal, including CST. Hanford and Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory also require radionuclide removal in their baseline flowsheets.
Book Synopsis High-capacity, Selective Solid Sequestrants for Innovative Chemical Separation by :
Download or read book High-capacity, Selective Solid Sequestrants for Innovative Chemical Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The approach of this task is to develop high-capacity, selective solid inorganic ion exchangers for the recovery of cesium and strontium from nuclear alkaline and acid wastes. To achieve this goal, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL) is collaborating with industry and university participants to develop high capacity, selective, solid ion exchangers for the removal of specific contaminants from nuclear waste streams.
Book Synopsis Assessment of Commercially Available Ion Exchange Materials for Cesium Removal from Highly Alkaline Wastes by : Kriston P. Brooks
Download or read book Assessment of Commercially Available Ion Exchange Materials for Cesium Removal from Highly Alkaline Wastes written by Kriston P. Brooks and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Demonstration of Various Ion Exchange Sorbents for the Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Tan Groundwater by :
Download or read book Demonstration of Various Ion Exchange Sorbents for the Removal of Cesium and Strontium from Tan Groundwater written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Groundwater remediation efforts are currently ongoing at the Test Area North (TAN) located at the Idaho Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). These efforts are primarily directed towards the Technical Support Facility-05 (TSF-05) for the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC's). The Groundwater Treatment Facility (GWTF), positioned near the TSF-05 injection well at TAN, was installed in 1994 to pump and treat the injection well groundwater. The GWTF was designed to be operated continuously at 50 gpm. Presently the GWTF operates in batch mode attributed to 137'Cs found at higher concentrations than expected. This presence of 137Cs, along with the higher than expected concentration of suspended solids revealed a need for further testing and evaluation of the GWTF process. Two independent experiments were conducted at the GWTF with actual groundwater pumped from TSF-25 and TSF-05 injection wells. One experiment used the 3M Company's web technology to remove Cs from the actual groundwater, while the second experiment contained a duplicate set of ion exchange columns in series. Each set having two columns, one to remove Cs, the other to remove Sr from the actual groundwater. A total of 5 Cs or Sr specific sorbents were tested in the column setups. A total of eight batches of water were processed through the GWTF with the experimental setups in place, six from TSF-25 and two from TSF-05. Downtime occasionally occurred when high differential pressures prompted the high pressure shutoff switches to shut down the 3M experiment feed pump. A pre-filter change out was initiated when this occurred. Also, experimental setups were shut down for GWTF backwash and discharge operations.
Download or read book אגרות י"שור written by and published by . This book was released on 1899 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Distribution of Components in Ion Exchange Materials Taken from the K East Basin and Leaching of Ion Exchange Materials by Nitric by :
Download or read book Distribution of Components in Ion Exchange Materials Taken from the K East Basin and Leaching of Ion Exchange Materials by Nitric written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests were performed to examine the efficacy of mixed nitric/hydrofluoric acid followed by mixed nitric/oxalic acid leach treatments to decontaminate ion exchange materials that have been found in a number of samples retrieved from K East (KE)Basin sludge. The ion exchange materials contain organic ion exchange resins and zeolite inorganic ion exchange material. Based on process records, the ion exchange resins found in the K Basins is a mixed-bed, strong acid/strong base material marketed as Purolite NRW-037. The zeolite material is Zeolon-900, a granular material composed of the mineral mordenite. Radionuclides sorbed or associated with the ion exchange material can restrict its disposal to the Environmental Restoration Disposal Facility (ERDF). The need for testing to support development of a treatment process for K Basin sludge has been described in Section 4.2 of ''Testing Strategy to Support the Development of K Basins Sludge Treatment Process'' (Flament 1998). Elutriation and washing steps are designed to remove the organic resins from the K Basin sludge. To help understand the effects of the anticipated separation steps, tests were performed with well-rinsed ion exchange (IX) material from KE Basin floor sludge (sample H-08 BEAD G) and with well-rinsed IX having small quantities of added KE canister composite sludge (sample KECOMP). Tests also were performed to determine the relative quantities of organic and inorganic IX materials present in the H-08 K Basin sludge material. Based on chemical analyses of the separated fractions, the rinsed and dry IX material H-08 BEAD G was found to contain 36 weight percent inorganic material (primarily zeolite). The as-received (unrinsed) and dried H-08 material was estimated to contain 45 weight percent inorganic material.
Book Synopsis Cesium and Strontium Specific Exchangers for Nuclear Waste Effluent Remediation by :
Download or read book Cesium and Strontium Specific Exchangers for Nuclear Waste Effluent Remediation written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 50 years, nuclear defense activities have produced large quantities of nuclear waste that now require safe and permanent disposal. The general procedure to be implemented involves the removal of cesium and strontium from the waste solutions for disposal in permanently vitrified media. This requires highly selective sorbents or ion exchangers. Further, at the high radiation doses present in the solution, organic exchangers or sequestrants are likely to decompose over time. Inorganic ion exchangers are resistant to radiation damage and can exhibit remarkably high selectivities. We have synthesized three families of tunnel-type ion exchangers. The crystal structures of these compounds as well as their protonated phases, coupled with ion exchange titrations, were determined and this information was used to develop an understanding of their ion exchange behavior. The ion exchange selectivities of these phases could be regulated by isomorphous replacement of the framework metals by larger or smaller radius metals. In the realm of layered compounds, we prepared alumina, silica, and zirconia pillared clays and sodium micas. The pillared clays yielded very high Kd values for Cs+ and were very effective in removing Cs+ from groundwaters. The sodium micas also had a high affinity for Cs+ but an even greater attraction for S42+. They also possess the property of trapping these ions permanently as the layers slowly decrease their interlayer distance as loading occurs. Sodium nonatitanate exhibited extremely high Kd values for Sr2+ in alkaline tank wastes and should be considered for removal of Sr2+ in such cases. For tank wastes containing complexing agents, we have found that adding Ca2+ to the solution releases the complexed Sr2+ which may then be removed with the CST exchanger.
Book Synopsis Selective Removal of Strontium and Cesium from Simulated Waste Solution with Titanate Ion-Exchangers in a Filter Cartridge CONFIGURATIONS-12092 by :
Download or read book Selective Removal of Strontium and Cesium from Simulated Waste Solution with Titanate Ion-Exchangers in a Filter Cartridge CONFIGURATIONS-12092 written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental results for the selective removal of strontium and cesium from simulated waste solutions with monosodium titanate and crystalline silicotitanate laden filter cartridges are presented. In these proof-of-principle tests, effective uptake of both strontium-85 and cesium-137 were observed using ion-exchangers in this filter cartridge configuration. At low salt simulant conditions, the instantaneous decontamination factor for strontium-85 with monosodium titanate impregnated filter membrane cartridges measured 26, representing 96% strontium-85 removal efficiency. On the other hand, the strontium-85 instantaneous decontamination factor with co-sintered active monosodium titanate cartridges measured 40 or 98% Sr-85 removal efficiency. Strontium-85 removal with the monosodium titanate impregnated membrane cartridges and crystalline silicotitanate impregnated membrane cartridges, placed in series arrangement, produced an instantaneous decontamination factor of 41 compared to an instantaneous decontamination factor of 368 for strontium-85 with co-sintered active monosodium titanate cartridges and co-sintered active crystalline silicotitanate cartridges placed in series. Overall, polyethylene co-sintered active titanates cartridges performed as well as titanate impregnated filter membrane cartridges in the uptake of strontium. At low ionic strength conditions, there was a significant uptake of cesium-137 with co-sintered crystalline silicotitanate cartridges. Tests results with crystalline silicotitanate impregnated membrane cartridges for cesium-137 decontamination are currently being re-evaluated. Based on these preliminary findings we conclude that incorporating monosodium titanate and crystalline silicotitanate sorbents into membranes represent a promising method for the semicontinuous removal of radioisotopes of strontium and cesium from nuclear waste solutions.
Book Synopsis Application of Ion Exchange Processes for the Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Management of Spent Ion Exchangers by :
Download or read book Application of Ion Exchange Processes for the Treatment of Radioactive Waste and Management of Spent Ion Exchangers written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ion exchange is one of the most common and effective treatment methods for liquid radioactive waste. This book reviews the current literature on the subject and reports on the existing state of the art of the application of ion exchange processes for liquid radioactive waste treatments and of the management of spent ion exchange media.
Book Synopsis Batch Test Equilibration Studies Examining the Removal of Cs, Sr, and Tc from Supernatants from ORNL Underground Storage Tanks by Selected Ion Exchangers by :
Download or read book Batch Test Equilibration Studies Examining the Removal of Cs, Sr, and Tc from Supernatants from ORNL Underground Storage Tanks by Selected Ion Exchangers written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bench-scale batch equilibration tests have been conducted with supernatants from two underground tanks at the Melton Valley Storage Tank (MVST) Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to determine the effectiveness of selected ion exchangers in removing cesium, strontium, and technetium. Seven sorbents were evaluated for cesium removal, nine for strontium removal, and four for technetium removal. The results indicate that granular potassium cobalt hexacyanoferrate was the most effective of the exchangers evaluated for removing cesium from the supernatants. The powdered forms of sodium titanate (NaTiO) and cystalline silicotitanate (CST) were superior in removing the strontium; however, for the sorbents of suitable particle size for column use, titanium monohydrogen phosphate (TiHP[phi]), sodium titanate/polyacrylonitrile (NaTiO-PAN), and titanium monohydrogen phosphate/polyacrylonitrile (TiP-PAN) gave the best results and were about equally effective. Reillex[trademark] 402 was the most effective exchanger in removing the technetium; however, it was only slightly more satisfactory than Reillex[trademark] HPQ.
Book Synopsis Performance of Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants by :
Download or read book Performance of Crystalline Silicotitanates for Cesium Removal from Hanford Tank Waste Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new class of inorganic ion exchangers, called crystalline silicotitanates (CSTs), has been prepared at Sandia National Laboratories and Texas A & M University. CSTs have been determined to have high selectivity for the adsorption of Cs and Sr, and several other radionuclides from highly alkaline, high-sodium supernate solutions such as those found at Westinghouse Hanford (WHC). Continuous flow, ion-exchange columns are expected to be used to remove Cs and other radionuclides from the Hanford tank supernate. The proposed application for the CST would be Cs removal from highly alkaline salt solutions in a single pass process with interim storage of the Cs loaded CST until the glass vitrification plant is operational. This paper presents test results which address material requirements relevant for Hanford radwaste processing. This paper also discusses the integrated experimental and modeling approach being developed to establish the performance of the CST materials for the range of solution compositions and processing conditions which are expected to occur. The status on the commercialization of the CST material is also discussed.
